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vi

DISSERTATION

Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By

Anaïs L. Wise, MA

Graduate Program in French and Italian

The Ohio State University

2012

Dissertation Committee:

Professor Louisa Shea, Adviser

Professor Karlis Raþevskis

Professor Patrick Bray

vii

Copyright by

Anaïs L. Wise

2012
ii

Abstract

My research discusses the characteristics of ironic acts found in the works of Prosper Mérimée, author of the world-renowned masterpiece Carmen. The fundamental question that fuels my project stems from a visible discrepancy between the significant unique conception and demonstration of ironic acts has been for the most part dismissed by both literary critics and researchers of irony. More specifically, my project studies the question of victimization, that is, the short stories written by Mérimée with similar entities found in the works of other prominent nineteenth-century writers such as Maupassant, Flaubert and Baudelaire. I show that Mérimée, in an unconventional mood for the period, treats his victims respectfully, as if he sought to preserve their dignity. irony an opportunity to reexamine their accepted notion that successful irony systematically entails an aggressive, if not violent act. Additionally, I seek to demonstrate iii

For you Father,

with much love and endless gratitude iv

Acknowledgments

I am extremely grateful to those who have helped me through my academic journey and more particularly through the last few months, when the ironist in me probably shared more similarities with Baudelaire than Mérimée. The Department of French and Italian at the Ohio State University fostered a truly collegial intellectual talents over the years, from professors to lecturers, teaching associates and staff. I owe a considerable debt of gratitude to my adviser, Professor Louisa Shea, who exceeded each of my expectations through this entire process. Her confidence in my abilities and her openness to my interpretations allowed me to pursue my research in this topic, while her perspective as a comparative and eighteenth-century French literature researcher helped me strengthen my work. I am also thankful to Professor Karlis Raþevskis for the six wonderful classes I had with him, especially the one on irony in Autumn, 2006. While I enjoyed every part of that class, I now feel free to admit that the theoretical language of the course description intimidated me so much before the quarter taking another class. My gratitude extends to Professors Patrick Bray, Dennis Minahen, Judith Mayne, Wynne Wong, Sarah-Grace Heller, Jennifer Willging, Diane Birckbichler, v research. This dissertation would not have existed without the support of my husband, Charles Michael Wise, J.D., who proved to be the most knowledgeable and well-rounded intellectual mentor I ever had. I am especially thankful for the many hours he spent showing me how to parse sentences as lawyers do, as well as for often reminding me that precise writers eschew the use of parenthetical comments (lesson learned, dear!). My gratitude also goes to my wonderful colleagues Attorney Doug Roberts, Jaleh Sharif, Clare Balombin, Adrianne Barbo and Caroline Noble, as well as to friends and and thoughtful intellectual and legal advice have enabled me to concentrate on this dissertation. My relative, Georges Balitrand, read all four chapters and provided me with no less than ten single-spaced pages of suggestions. Attorney George Michael Green kindly came to the rescue every time I had a problem with my computer during my graduate studies. My sister-in-law, Terry Eyears, presented an outstanding example of humility and sacrifice that helped me keep a healthy sense of perspective. The same applies to my relatives and friends overseas, who refrained from demonstrating curiosity towards my work, yet kept me updated with their activities and lives. All of these good dissertation process ³*HP RYHU \RXUVHOIA´ vi Vita

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