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Judicial Councilof California

CivilJuryInstructionsCACI*

Pronounced

"Casey"

Supplement WithNew andRevised Instructions

As approvedat

the Judicial Council"sRules CommitteeApril 2022meeting and theJudicial CouncilMay 2022Meeting Judicial Councilof CaliforniaAdvisory Committeeon CivilJury Instructions

Hon. MartinJ. Tangeman,Chair

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ISBN:

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© 2022by theJudicial Councilof California.All rightsreserved. Nocopyright isclaimed bythe JudicialCouncil ofCalifornia tothe Tableof Contents,Table ofStatutes, Tableof Cases,Index, orthe Tablesof RelatedInstructions.

© 2022,Matthew Bender& Company,Inc., amember ofthe LexisNexisGroup. Nocopyright isclaimed byMatthew Bender &Company tothe juryinstructions, verdictforms, Directionsfor Use,Sources andAuthority, User"sGuide, Life ExpectancyTables, orDisposition Table.

CITE THISSUPPLEMENT: JudicialCouncil ofCalifornia CivilJury Instructions(May 2022supp.)

Cite these

instructions: "CACINo. _________."

Cite theseverdict forms:"CACI No.VF-_________."

Editorial Office

230Park

Ave., 7thFloor, NewYork, NY10169 (800)543-6862

www.lexisnexis.com (2022S-Pub.1283) This version provided by LexisNexis® Matthew Bender®, Official Publisher, 800-533-1637, store.lexisnexis.com, for public and internal court useArchived—May 2022 supp.

Preface toCACI Updates

This supplementto the2022 editionof CACIincludes anumber ofadditions andchanges to the instructions, whichwere firstpublished in2003. Inproviding theseupdates, theJudicial Council AdvisoryCommittee onCivil JuryInstructions isfulfilling itscharge tomaintain CACI. Thecommittee isalso strivingto addinstructions innew areasof thelaw andto augment existingareas. The impetusfor therevisions camefrom severalsources includingCACI userswho detected changes inthe lawor whosimply soughtto doa betterjob ofexplaining thelaw inplain English. Respondingto feedbackfrom usersis consistentwith theAdvisory Committee"sgoal to actas avehicle formaintaining CACIas thework productof thelegal community.We hope that ourhundreds ofcontributors viewour rolein thesame wayand thatthey willcontinue to support us.

May 2022

Hon. MartinJ. Tangeman

Second DistrictCourt ofAppeal

Chair, AdvisoryCommittee onCivil JuryInstructions

____ The AdvisoryCommittee onCivil JuryInstructions welcomescomments. Sendcomments by e-mailto: civiljuryinstructions@jud.ca.gov

Or youmay sendprint commentsby regularmail to:

Advisory Committeeon CivilJury Instructions-Attn.Eric Long

Legal ServicesO ffice

455 GoldenGate Avenue

San Francisco,CA 94102-3588

iii This version provided by LexisNexis® Matthew Bender®, Official Publisher, 800-533-1637, store.lexisnexis.com, for public and internal court useArchived—May 2022 supp. This version provided by LexisNexis® Matthew Bender®, Official Publisher, 800-533-1637, store.lexisnexis.com, for public and internal court useArchived—May 2022 supp.

Table ofNew andRevised Judicial

Council

of CaliforniaCivil Jury

Instructions (CACI)May 2022

This supplement tothe 2022Edition ofCACI includesall ofthe newand revised California CivilJury Instructionsapproved bythe JudicialCouncil"s RulesCommittee at its April2022 meetingand theJudicial Councilof Californiaat itsMay 2022meeting.

NEGLIGENCE

406. Apportionment

of Responsibility( sources andauthority

454. AffirmativeDefense-StatuteofLimitations(

sources andauthority

455. Statuteof Limitations-DelayedDiscovery (

sources andauthority VF-410. Statuteof Limitations-DelayedDiscovery-Reasonable InvestigationWould NotHave

Disclosed PertinentFacts (

revised

PROFESSIONAL NEGLIGENCE

601. NegligentHandling ofLegal Matter(

sources andauthority

MOTOR VEHICLESAND HIGHWAYSAFETY

724. NegligentEntrustment ofMotor Vehicle(

sources andauthority

PREMISES LIABILITY

1002. Extentof ControlOver PremisesArea (

sources andauthority

1009B. Liabilityto Employeesof IndependentContractors forUnsafe Conditions-RetainedControl

revised

PRODUCTS LIABILITY

1231. ImpliedWarranty ofMerchantability-Essential FactualElements (

sources andauthority

ASSAULT ANDBATTERY

1306. SexualBattery-Essential FactualElements (Civ.Code, §1708.5) (

revised

FALSE IMPRISONMENT

1401. FalseArrest WithoutWarrant byPeace Of ficer-Essential FactualElements (

sources and authority

1402. FalseArrest WithoutWarrant-A ff irmativeDefense-PeaceOfficer-ProbableCauseto Arrest

sources andauthority

EMOTIONAL DISTRESS

1621. Negligence-Recoveryof Damagesfor EmotionalDistress-No Physical

Injury-Bystander-Essential FactualElements (

revised VF-1604. Negligence-Recoveryof Damagesfor EmotionalDistress-No PhysicalInjury-Bystander revised vThis version provided by LexisNexis® Matthew Bender®, Official Publisher, 800-533-1637, store.lexisnexis.com, for public and internal court useArchived—May 2022 supp.

RIGHT OFPRIVACY

1800.

Intrusion IntoPrivate Af fairs(

sources andauthority

1810. Distributionof PrivateSexually ExplicitMaterials

Essential FactualElements (Civ.Code,

§ 1708.85)(

revised

INSURANCE LITIGATION

2334. BadFaith (ThirdParty)-Refusal toAccept ReasonableSettlement DemandWithin LiabilityPolicy

Limits-Essential FactualElements (

revised VF-2304. BadFaith (ThirdParty)-Refusal toAccept ReasonableSettlement DemandWithin Liability

Policy Limits(

new

FAIR EMPLOYMENTAND HOUSINGACT

2500. DisparateTreatment-Essential FactualElements (Gov.Code, §12940(a)) (

sources andauthority

2522A. WorkEnvironment Harassment-ConductDirected atPlainti ff-Essential Factual

Elements-Individual Defendant(Gov. Code,§§ 12923,12940(j)) ( revised

2522B. WorkEnvironment Harassment-ConductDirected atOthers-Essential Factual

Elements-Individual Defendant(Gov. Code,§§ 12923,12940(j)) ( revised

2522C. WorkEnvironment Harassment-SexualFavoritism-Essential FactualElements-Individual

Defendant (Gov.Code, §§12923, 12940(j))(

revised

2546. DisabilityDiscrimination-Reasonable Accommodation-Failureto Engagein InteractiveProcess

(Gov. Code,§ 12940(n))( revised VF-2507A. WorkEnvironment Harassment-ConductDirected atPlainti ff-Individual Defendant(Gov.

Code, §§12923, 12940(j))(

revised VF-2507B. WorkEnvironment Harassment-ConductDirected atOthers-Individual Defendant(Gov.

Code, §§12923, 12940(j))(

revised VF-2507C. WorkEnvironment Harassment-SexualFavoritism-Individual Defendant(Gov. Code,

§§ 12923,12940(j)) (

revised VF-2513. DisabilityDiscrimination-Reasonable Accommodation-Failureto Engagein Interactive

Process (Gov.Code, §12940(n)) (

revised

CALIFORNIA FAMILYRIGHTS ACT

2600. Violationof CFRARights-Essential FactualElements (

sources andauthority

LABOR CODEVIOLATIONS

2754. ReportingTime Pay-EssentialFactual Elements(

revised

CIVIL RIGHTS

3053. Retaliationfor Exerciseof FreeSpeech Rights-PublicEmployee-Essential FactualElements (42

U.S.C. §1983) (

sources andauthority

3055. Rebuttalof RetaliatoryMotive (

sources andauthority

VICARIOUS RESPONSIBILITY

3714. OstensibleAgency-Physician-Hospital Relationship-EssentialFactual Elements(

revised

DAMAGES

3905A. PhysicalPain, MentalSu ffering, andEmotionalDistress(NoneconomicDamage)(

revised

3919. SurvivalDamages (CodeCiv. Proc,§ 377.34)(

renumbered )Tableof Newand RevisedJudicial Council vi This version provided by LexisNexis® Matthew Bender®, Official Publisher, 800-533-1637, store.lexisnexis.com, for public and internal court useArchived—May 2022 supp.

3963. AffirmativeDefense━Employee"s Dutyto MitigateDamages (sources andauthority )

LANTERMAN-PETRIS-SHORT

ACT

4000. Conservatorship-EssentialFactual Elements(

revised

4002. "GravelyDisabled" Explained(

revised

UNIFORM VOIDABLETRANSACTIONS ACT

4200. ActualIntent toHinder, Delay,or Defrauda Creditor-EssentialFactual Elements(Civ. Code,

§ 3439.04(a)(1))(

sources andauthority

UNLAWFUL DETAINER

4304. Terminationfor Violationof Termsof Lease/Agreement-EssentialFactual Elements(

sources and authority

CONSTRUCTION LAW

4560. Recoveryof Paymentsto UnlicensedContractor-Essential FactualElements (Bus.& Prof.Code,

§ 7031(b))(

sources andauthority

REAL PROPERTYLAW

4900. AdversePossession (

sources andauthority )Tableof Newand RevisedJudicial Council vii This version provided by LexisNexis® Matthew Bender®, Official Publisher, 800-533-1637, store.lexisnexis.com, for public and internal court useArchived—May 2022 supp. This version provided by LexisNexis® Matthew Bender®, Official Publisher, 800-533-1637, store.lexisnexis.com, for public and internal court useArchived—May 2022 supp. Judicial CouncilAdvisory Committeeon CivilJury Instructions H ON . M

ARTINJ.TANGEMAN

Chair C

OMMITTEEMEMBERS

H ON . S

UZANNER. BOLANOS

M S , K

ATHLEENA. BREWER

H ON . TANAL. COATES M R . N

ICHOLASP.C ONNON

H ON . R

OBERTP.D AHLQUIST

M R . R

OBERTA. GOODIN

H ON . A

DRIENNEM. GROVER

P

ROF. PAULT.H AYDEN

H ON . A

MYD. HOGUE

H ON . M

ICHAELW.J ONES

M R . M

ICHAELA. KELLY

M R . J

OSEPHP.M CMONIGLE

H ON . M

ARLAJ. MILLER

M S . M

ELINDAPILLING

H ON . I

OANAPETROU

M R . J

ULIANW.P OON

M R . TODDM. SCHNEIDER H ON . R

ICHARDL. SEABOLT

H ON . M

ARKW.S NAUFFER

M S . C

HRISTINESPAGNOLIix

This version provided by LexisNexis® Matthew Bender®, Official Publisher, 800-533-1637, store.lexisnexis.com, for public and internal court useArchived—May 2022 supp. ADMINISTRATIVEDIRECTOR, STAFFT OTHEJUDICIALCOUNCIL M

ARTINHOSHINO

L

EGALSERVICESOFFICE

M S . D

EBORAHBROWN, CHIEFCOUNSEL

M R . E

RICLONG, ATTORNEYJC AdvisoryCommittee

x This version provided by LexisNexis® Matthew Bender®, Official Publisher, 800-533-1637, store.lexisnexis.com, for public and internal court useArchived—May 2022 supp.

Judicial Councilof California

Chair Hon.

TaniG. Cantil-Sakauye

SupremeCourt

Hon. CarolA. Corrigan

Courts ofAppeal

Hon. CarinT .Fujisaki

Hon. BradR. Hill

Hon. MarshaG. Slough

TrialCourts

Hon. MariaO. Anderson

Hon. C.T oddBottke

Hon. StacyBoulware Eurie

Hon. KevinC. Brazile

Hon. KyleS. Brodie

Hon. JonathanB. Conklin

Hon. SamuelK. Feng

Hon. HaroldW .Hopp

Hon. DalilaCorral Lyons

Hon. DavidM. Rubin

Legislature

Hon. RichardBloom

Hon. ThomasJ. Umberg

State Bar

Mr.David Fu

Ms. RachelW .Hill

Ms. GretchenNelson

Mr.Maxwell V. Pritt

Advisory Members

Hon. RupertA. Byrdsong

Ms. RebeccaJ. Fleming

Mr.Kevin Harrigan

Mr.Shawn C.Landry

Hon. GlennMondo

Hon. AnnC. Moorman

Hon. TheodoreC. Zayner

xi This version provided by LexisNexis® Matthew Bender®, Official Publisher, 800-533-1637, store.lexisnexis.com, for public and internal court useArchived—May 2022 supp.

Secretary

Martin

Hoshino

The JudicialCouncil isthe policymakingbody ofthe Californiacourts. Underthe leadershipof theChief

Justiceand

in accordancewith theCalifornia Constitution,the councilis responsiblefor ensuringthe

consistent, independent,impartial, andaccessible administrationof justice.Judicial Councilof California

xii This version provided by LexisNexis® Matthew Bender®, Official Publisher, 800-533-1637, store.lexisnexis.com, for public and internal court useArchived—May 2022 supp.

406.Apportionmentof Responsibility[[Name ofdefendant ] claimsthat the[negligence/fault] of[ insert name(s)

or description(s) ofnonparty tortfeasor(s) ] [also]contributed to[ name of plaintiff ]"sharm. To succeedonthisclaim, [ name ofdefendant ] must proveboth ofthe following:

1. That[

insert name(s)or description(s)of nonpartytortfeasor(s) [was/were] [negligent/atfault]; and

2. Thatthe [negligence/fault]of [

insert name(s)or description(s)of nonparty tortfeasor(s) ] wasa substantialfactor incausing [nameof plaintiff]"sharm.] If youfind thatthe [negligence/fault]of more thanone personincluding name ofdefendant ] [and][[ name ofplaintiff ]/ [and][ name(s) or description(s) ofnonparty tortfeasor(s) ]] wasa substantialfactor incausing name ofplaintiff ]"sharm, youmust thendecide howmuch responsibility each hasby assigningper centagesof responsibilitytoeach personlisted on theverdict form.The percentages musttotal 100percent.

Youwill makea separatefinding of[

name ofplaintiff ]"stotal damages,if any.In determiningan amountof damages,you shouldnot considerany person"sassigned percentage ofresponsibility.

["Person" canmean anindividual ora businessentity .]New September2003; RevisedJune 2006,December 2007,December 2009,June

201
1

Directions forUse

This instructionis designedto assistthe juryin completingCACI No.VF-402, Negligence-Fault ofPlaintiff andOthers atIssue, which mustbe givenin a multiple-tortfeasor caseto determinecomparative fault.VF-402 isdesigned to compare theconduct ofall defendants,the conductof theplainti ff, andthe conduct of anynonparty tortfeasors. Throughout, select"fault" ifthere isa needto allocateresponsibility between tortfeasors whosealleged liabilityis basedon conductother thannegligence, e.g., strict productsliability . Include thefirst paragraphif thedefendant haspresented evidencethat theconduct of oneor morenonparties contributedto theplainti ff" sharm. (SeeStewart v.Union Carbide Corp.(2010) 190Cal.App.4th 23,33 [117 Cal.Rptr.3d 791][defendanthas burden toestablish concurrentor alternatecauses].) "Nonparties"include the

1Copyright Judicial Council of CaliforniaArchived—May 2022 supp.

universe oftortfeasors whoare notpresent attrial, includingdefendants whosettled before trial andnonjoined allegedtortfeasors. (

Dafonte v.Up-Right(1992) 2Cal.4th

593, 603[7 Cal.Rptr.2d 238,828P.2d 140].)Include "also"if thedefendant

concedes somedegree ofliability . If theplainti ff"scomparativefaultisalsoat issue,give CACINo. 405,Comparative

Fault ofPlaintiff

, inaddition tothis instruction. Include thelast paragraphif anyof thedefendants orothers allegedto have contributed tothe plaintif f"sharmisnotanindividual.

Sources andAuthority

• Proposition51. CivilCode section1431.2. • "[W]ehold thatafter Li, aconcurrent tortfeasorwhose negligenceis aproximate cause ofan indivisibleinjury remainsliable forthe totalamount ofdamages, diminished only'in proportionto theamount ofnegligence attributableto the person recovering."" ( American MotorcycleAssn.v .Superior Court(1978) 20 Cal.3d 578,590 [146Cal.Rptr .182, 578P.2d899], citingLi v.Yellow CabCo. (1975) 13Cal.3d 804,829 [119 Cal.Rptr. 858,532P.2d 1226].) • "Inlight ofLi, however,wethink thatthe long-recognizedcommon law equitable indemnitydoctrine shouldbe modifiedto permit,in appropriatecases, a rightof partialindemnity ,under whichliabilityamongmultiple tortfeasorsmay be apportionedon acomparative negligencebasis. .. .Such adoctrine conforms toLi"sobjective ofestablishing 'asystem underwhich liabilityfor damage willbe borneby thosewhose negligencecaused itin directproportion to theirrespective fault."" (

American MotorcycleAssn.,supra

, 20Cal.3d atp. 583.)
• "[W]ehold thatsection 1431.2,subdivision (a),does notauthorize areduction in the liabilityof intentionaltortfeasors fornoneconomic damagesbased onthe extent towhich thenegligence ofother actors-includingthe plaintif fs,any codefendants, injuredparties, andnonparties-contributed tothe injuriesin question." ( B.B. v.Countyof LosAngeles (2020) 10Cal.5th 1,29 [267

Cal.Rptr.3d203, 471P .3d329].)

• "Thecomparative faultdoctrine 'isdesigned topermit thetrier offact to consider allrelevant criteriain apportioningliability .The doctrine"is aflexible, commonsense concept,under whicha juryproperly mayconsider andevaluate the relativeresponsibility ofvarious partiesfor aninjury (whethertheir responsibility forthe injuryrests onnegligence, strictliability ,or othertheories of responsibility),in orderto arriveat an'equitable apportionmentor allocationquotesdbs_dbs19.pdfusesText_25

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