[PDF] turkish-verbs.pdf Turkish Verbs. Modification. Meaning. Suffix.





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  • Future Tense

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What is a reciprocal verb in Turkish?

Reciprocal Verbs indicate that the action is done together with another person. In English we generally add “one another” after the verb, in Turkish the suffix “- (i/e/ü)..??” added right after the verb root can give the same meaning to a verb: If you want to suggest or desire something in your action, you can use Subjunctive Verbs.

Turkish VerbsModification

MeaningSuffixUse

Negative-me-For general tense only, add-mez

-n-Stems ending in vowels

Passive-il-Stems ending in consonants other thanl

-in-Stems ending inl -dir-Most verbs

Causative-t-Stems ending in a vowel

-it-Stems ending in ¸s or ¸c

Reflexive-in-... to yourself

Mutual action-i¸s-... to each other

g¨ormekto see g¨or¨u¸smekto see one another or to converse g¨or¨u¸s¨ulmekto be conversed about g¨or¨u¸st¨urmekto make to converse with one another g¨or¨u¸st¨ur¨ulmekto be made to converse with one another giymekto wear clothes giyinmekto dress oneself giyindirmekto dress someone else giyindirilmekto be dressed by someone else giyindirildirmekto be forced to be dressed by someone else

Conjugation

1. Drop-mekfrom the infinitive to get the stem.

2. Modify for meaning, as above

3. Select the tense and append something:

TenseAppendMeaning

Present-(i)yorActions happening right now -I am writing (now). General (Aorist)-(i)r-Things generally true -I am a writer.

Future-(y)ecek-Actions that will happen

mi¸s-past-mi¸s-Present state caused by past action, or things the speaker is reporting without having seen. di-past-di-Both simple past -did- and past perfect -have done Necessity-meli-Actions that must, or should, be taken Conditional-se-If .... (with non-simple moods, expresses unfulfilled conditions, hopeless wishes of the past, etc.) Subjunctive-e-No statement of fact, things that might happen or have happened (with non-simple moods, expresses unfulfillable past wishes, or quotes of those expressions)

4. Select the mood and append something:

MoodAppendConjugation pattern

Simple-I (mostly)

Past-idi-II

Conditional-ise-II

Past conditional-idi- + -isi-II

Inferential-imi¸s-I

Inferential conditional-imi¸s- + -ise-II

5. Apply the appropriate conjugation ending:

-im -iz

Type I-sin -siniz

-(dir) -(dir)ler -m -k

Type II-n -niz

- -ler -eyim -elim

Type III-eyin -esiniz

-e -eler

6. Entire pattern:

SimplePastConditionalPast conditionalInferentialInferential conditional

Present-(i)yor + I-(i)yordi + II-(i)yorse + II-(i)yordise + II-(i)yormi¸s + I-(i)yormi¸sse + II

General (aorist)-ir + I-irdi + II-irse + II-irdise + II-irmi¸s + I-irmi¸sse + II Future-ecek + I-ecekti + II-ecekse + II-ecektiyse + II-ecekmi¸s + I-ecekmi¸sse + II

mi¸s-past-mi¸s + I-mi¸sti + II-mi¸sse + II-mi¸s idiyse + II-mi¸s imi¸s + I-mi¸s imi¸sse + II

di-past-di + II-diydi + II-diyse + II-di idiyse + II---- Necessity-meli + I-meliydi + II-----meliymi¸s + I-- Conditional-se + I-seydi + II-----seymi¸s + I--

Subjunctive-e + III-edi + II-----eymi¸s + I--

Participles

Present-eng¨oren= seeing (right now)

Aorist-irg¨or¨ur= seeing (in general)

Future-ecekg¨orecekwhich-will-be-seen

mi¸s-past-mi¸sg¨orm¨u¸s= seen di-past-dikg¨or¨ulmedik= extraordinary (unseen)

Imperative

-[y]in -[y]iniz -sin -sinler

To be - past pos

idim idik idin idiniz idi idiler

To be - past neg

degildim degildik degildin degildiniz degildi degildiler

Ability (to be able to ...)

Append this to the stem:

-[y]ebilmek withbilmekconjugated some way 1quotesdbs_dbs3.pdfusesText_6
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