Verb Acquisition in English and Turkish: The Role of Processing
Abstract. To determine the effects of processing load on verb acquisition within and across languages we manipulated whether English- and Turkish-acquiring.
Unaccusative/Unergative Distinction in Turkish: A Connectionist
Aug 22 2010 verbs that were reported to show variable be- havior (kana- 'bleed'
TURKISH GRAMMAR
TURKISH GRAMMAR ACADEMIC EDITION 2012. 3. TURKISH GRAMMAR. FOREWORD. The Turkish ... verbs constitude a verb composition concept and called a verb "V". All ...
A Learner Corpus-Based Study on Verb Errors of Turkish EFL
Aug 21 2017 ... verb errors
TRopBank: Turkish PropBank V2.0
May 16 2020 Being the complements of a verb
Acquisition of English ergative verbs by Turkish students: yesterday
Abstract. This study tries to diagnose the acquisition of a special subclass of intransitive verbs namely ergatives
turkish-verbs.pdf
Turkish Verbs. Modification. Meaning. Suffix. Use. Negative. -me-. For general tense only add -mez. -n-. Stems ending in vowels. Passive. -il-. Stems ending in
Turkish Treebanking: Unifying and Constructing Efforts
Following the discussion of compounds the light verb constructions were also problematic in the Turkish PUD Treebank as seen in Exam- ple 3. They were
English-Turkish Parallel Semantic Annotation of Penn-Treebank
Another exemplary corpus for Turkish is the. Turkish Lexical Sample Dataset (TLSD) (˙Ilgen et al. 2012). It includes noun and verb sets and both sets have 15
A Syntactically Expressive Morphological Analyzer for Turkish
Sep 23 2019 tion of Turkish verb lexicon (excluding light verb constructions)
TURKISH GRAMMAR
The Verbs That Are Not Used in the Simple Present in Turkish. 146. Turkish Verb Frames (Türkçede Fiil Çat?lar?). 148. Transitive and Intransitive Verb
50R TURKISH
The ones that are most frequently used are nouns adjectives and noun phrases; others are rarely used. Some suffixes
turkish-verbs.pdf
Turkish Verbs. Modification. Meaning. Suffix. Use. Negative. -me-. For general tense only add -mez. -n-. Stems ending in vowels. Passive.
TRopBank: Turkish PropBank V2.0
Note that each verb has a different argument structure and requires a dif- ferent number of arguments in various semantic roles. With. TRropBank annotations
The Logic of Turkish
Unlike French Turkish has only one way to conjugate a verb. words have been retained in the language of the Turkish Republic since its founding in.
English-Turkish Parallel Semantic Annotation of Penn-Treebank
Turkish Lexical Sample Dataset (TLSD) (?Ilgen et al. 2012). It includes noun and verb sets and both sets have 15 words each with high poly- semy degree.
On Single Argument Verbs in Turkish*
reflexive verbs in Turkish. The article proposes that verbs of emission seem to be unaccusative while reflexives behave more like unergatives.
Expressing manner and path in English and Turkish: Differences in
Since satellite-framed languages do not prefer to encode path in the main verb this slot is available for manner verbs (e.g.
Unaccusative/Unergative Distinction in Turkish: A Connectionist
Aug 22 2010 sues surrounding SI in Turkish and present a novel computational approach that decides ... that unaccusative verbs have an underlying ob-.
1 A CONTRASTIVE STUDY OF TURKISH AND ENGLISH
Nov 3 2011 modalities in both Turkish and English; b) to describe modal verbs with reference to the speech-act theory. Languages.
Turkish nite verbs
Turkish nite verbs David Pierce 2004 1 26 Contents 0 Introduction 1 1 Alphabet 1 2 Sounds 2 3 Writing 4 4 Words 4 5 Verbs: Stems 5 6 Verbs: bases 8 0 Introduction As a student of Turkish I make these notes in an e ort to understand the logic of Turkish verbs This is not the account of an expert I gathered the
Searches related to turkish verbs pdf PDF
This book consists of 114 units each on a grammaical topic The units cover the main areas of Turkish grammar The explanaions are on the let-hand page and the exercises are on the right-hand page Plenty of sample sentences and conversaions help you use grammar in real- life situaions
What is the Turkish conjugation for the past tense?
If the very last letter of the verb root contains the rest of the consonants. Below are some examples that will help you understand the Turkish conjugation for the past tense better: Ben satt?m. (“I sold.”) Ben temizledim. (“I cleaned.”) Ben oturdum.
Are there separate words for modal verbs in Turkish?
In Turkish, there aren’t separate words for the modal verbs. To form modal verbs, certain suffixes are added to the verbs. For example: In Turkish, we express “can” using the suffix -abil or -ebil.
What is Turkish grammar in pracice?
Turkish Grammar in Pracice introduces grammar to learners at beginner to intermediate level. It is not a course book, but a reference and pracice book which can be used by learners atending classes or working alone. What does the book consist of? This book consists of 114 units, each on a grammaical topic.
What are units in Turkish grammar?
Unit itles tell you the main grammar point whose brackets. Unit secions (A, B, C, etc.) give you informaion about the form and meaning of the grammar, as well as its diferent uses. Tips in the form of ? and X,highlight common errors and characterisics of Turkish grammar. Illustraions show you how to use grammar in everyday conversaional Turkish.
50R TURKISH¿ ■ C 3 :_ i2 rzD ' ::б тш в в г > ^ Ш Е іС і сшjAHIE ІЖ~'3-'2ИІ "22*425 "2 О-S''SI/ 2-3'*5SeTCл^Т"» т T-j*>r^
A LEXICAL-FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR
45 0л5^Т"»
A THESIS
"лТ00J 0 0»J J350Jc0 4 =л0J5ENGINEERING AND INFORMATION SCIENCE
AND THE INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE OF BILKENT UNIVERSITYТc 350Т3B 4лB4ТBBJc0 4 0»J 5J!лТ5JJc0"FOR THE DEGREE OF
MASTER OF SCIENCEBy
Zelal Giingordu
July, 1993Q-elal
P38 •G'èb n ^. X!0 "" ""#^ .^"( "X$ "^$X$ "I( "" XI %0 C&XIXCI X X$ !/ТТ0 "(^'/" ^BXI $C&^ "I( XI '/"ТX 0B "$ " "^$X$ !C. "^ (^1.^^ C!()$ ^. C! *X^I^+.C!+ ,.+ -^%"Т .! Т"/^. 01(#X$C.2
^. X!0 "" ""#^ .^"( "X$ "^$X$ "I( "" XI %0 C&XIXCI X X$ !/ТТ0 "(^'/" ^BXI $C&^ "I( XI '/"ТX 0B "$ " "^$X$ !C. "^ (^1.^^ C! 3"$ ^. C! *X^I^+1$$ + .C!+ ,.+ 4X ТXТ 1Т "0 »5#^IX.
^. X!0 "" ""#^ .^"( "X$ "^$X$ "I( "" XI %0 C&XIXCI X X$ !/ТТ0 "(^'/" ^BXI $C&^ "I( XI '/"ТX 0B "$ " "^$X$ !C. "^ (^1.^^ C! 3"$ ^. C! *X^I^+1$$ + .C& , 67 ^% 5C/8"""9) )
1&&.C#^( !C. "^ I$ X / ^ C! :I1XI^^.XI1 "I( *X^I^;
c:L ·Prof. Dr. Mehmel Director of the Institute
ABSTRACT
1 >:?71>c@AB79.B1> »=1331= @.=
9A=-*4
Zelal Giingordii
3+*+ XI 7C%&/ ^. :I1XI^^.XI1 "I( I!C.%" XCI *X^I^
1(#X$C.; 1$$ + .C!+ ,.+ -^%"Т .!Т"/^.
3/Т0B J))=Natural language processing is a research area which is becoming increas
ingly popular each day for both academic and commercial reasons. Syntactic parsing underlies most of the applications in natural language processing. Al though there have been comprehensive studies of Turkish syntax from a linguis tic perspective, this is one of the first attempts for investigating it extensively from a computational point of view. In this thesis, a lexical-functional grammar for Turkish syntax is presented. Our current work deals with regular Turkish sentences that are structurally simple or complex.Keywords: Natural language processing, computational linguistics, Turkish
syntax, parsing, lexical-functional grammar.ТТ ÖZET
9H=-I: JIJB 5J= *Gл»H-*:>cJK>:L*:>
»=13:=
5XТ1X$"0". #^ :I!C.%" XE 35"^I(X$ТXNXB O5E$^E >X$"I$
,"IP8%"I; ,.+ -^%"Т .! Т"/^. popülerliği her geçen gün daha da artan bir araştırma alanıdır. Tümcelerin
açıdan kapsamlı çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Ancak, bunların hiçbiri bilgisayar ile
çalışmamız, yapı olarak basit veya girişik olan düz Türkçe tümcelerini ele alıp,
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to express my deep gratitude to my supervisor Asst. Prof. Dr. Kemal Oflazer for his guidance, suggestions, and invaluable encouragement throughout the development of this thesis. I would also like to thank Asst. Prof. Dr. Halil Altay Güvenir and Asst. Prof. Dr. Gem Bozşahin for reading and commenting on the thesis. I owe special thanks to Prof. Dr. Mehmet Baray for providing a pleasant environment for study. I am grateful to the members of my family for their infinite moral support and patience that they have shown, particularly at times I was not with them. Contents
1 Introduction 1
. B'/-,01I4+%,&-$%01 (0220( 3 2.1 Constituent Structures and Functional Structures...................... 4T+T @/I XCI"Т ,^$.X& XCI$+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ V
T+= S^ТТc!C.%^(I^$$ 7CI(X XCI$ CI @c* ./ /.^$ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ JW3 Turkish Syntax 13 3.1 Distinctive Characteristics of Turkish Syntax
............................... 13=+T * ./ /."Т 7""." ^.X$ X$ C! 9/.EX$" *^I ^I^$ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ JV=+T+J ..(^. C! 7CI$ X /^I $ XI 9/.EX$" *^I ^I^$ ++++++++++++++++++++++ JV=+T+T :F&.^$$XI1 3/(1^%^I $ 7CIX$^Т0 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ J)=+= 7CI$ X /^I $ C! 9/.EX$" *^I ^I^$ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ TU=+=+J .#^.#X^C ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ TU=+=+T L ^.++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ TU
=+=+= */(^ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ =U =+=+U 7CIC.("I^ C! */(^ "I( L ^.+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ =V =+=+X . (^ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ =V
#X CONTENTSvn
=+=+V I(X.^ 7C%&Т^%^I ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ =Y =+=+Y 1(#^.X"Т 7C%&Т^%^I $+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ =Z=+U 7C%&C/I( BC/I$
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ UV=+X 7Т"$$X!X" XCI C! 9/.EX$" *^I ^I^$ 1C.(XI1 C * ./ /.^ + + + XJ
=+X+J *X%&Т^ *^I ^I^$++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ XJ =+X+T 7C%&C/I( *^I ^I^$++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ XJ =+X+= ..(^.^( *^I ^I^$ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ X= 4 LFG for Turkish Syntax 55
4.1 General Structure
.............................................................................. 55U+J+J »^I^."ТX/^( >= ".$^.67C%&XТ^.++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ XY
U+J+T 1.1/%^I * ./ /.^$ C! L ^.$++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ VJ U+T 9"^ »."%%".+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ VT
U+T+J BC/I "."+$^$
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ VUU+T+T 1((^ X#"Т "."$^$ Y)
U+T+= 1(#^.X"Т "."$^$++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ZT U+T+U L^. "."$^$ )T
U+T+X *^I ^I^$+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ )V U+T+V ,^&^I(^I 7Т"/$^$+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ )Z U+T+Y >^FX"Т = / Т^$+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++JWU
5 Performance Evaluation):8
; =$%,1+(-$%( 0%* "+<<'(&-$%())) A Input Documents 115
A.l Document 1 - A Story for Children...............................................1151+T .^c^(X ^( L^.$XCI C! ,C/%^I J +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++JJZ
1+= ,C/%^I T c 1 * C.0 !.C% 1 9L 3"1"/XI^
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++JTJ1+U .^c^(X ^( L^.$XCI C! ,C/%^I T ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++JTUB Example Outputs 128CONTENTS viii List of Figures
2.1 The c-structure for (2)........................................................................ 5
=+J 9"^ $/!!XF^$ "" ".^ "!!XF^( C IC%XI"Т #^.$ == =+T 9".^^ "%X1/C/$ XI ^.&.^ " XCI$ C! 0ZT2 XW U+J 9"^ $0$ ^% "."X ^ /.^+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ XV U+T 1.1/%^I $ ./ /.^$ C! $C%^ #^.$++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ V=U+= 9"^ 1."%%". ./Т^$ !C. IC/I &"."$^$ C"X" ""I(Т^ "^ '/^$ XCI
$/!!XFB "^ &C$ &C$X XCI bile and the conjunction de/da .......................65U+U 9"^ 1."%%". ./Т^ !C. C%&C/I( IC/I$+ VY U+X 9"^ 1."%%". ./Т^ !C. C%&C/I( IC/I$ CI XI/^( ++++++++++++++++++++++++ VZU+V 9"^ 1."%%". ./Т^ !C. C%&C/I( IC/I$ CI XI/^( ++++++++++++++++++++++++ V)U+Y 9"^ 1."%%". ./Т^ !C. C%&C/I( IC/I$ CI XI/^(++++++++++++++++++++++++ YW
U+Z 9"^ 1."%%". ./Т^ !C. IC%XI"Т C%&C/I($ CX " "I "((^ X#"Т %C(X!X^.+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ YT
U+) 9"^ 1."%%". ./Т^ !C. IC%XI"Т C%&C/I($ CX " "I "((^ X#"Т %C(X!X^. CI XI/^(+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Y= U+JW 9"^ 1."%%". ./Т^ !C. IC%XI"Т C%&C/I($ CX " "I "((^ X#"Т %C(X!X^. CI XI/^(+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ YU U+JJ 9"^ 1."%%". ./Т^ !C. IC/I &"."$^$ "" ^F&.^$$ " I/%^.+ + + + YV XF LIST OF FIGURES
4.12 The grammar rule for noun phrases with a conjunction or a
C%%"+ YY
U+J= 9"^ 1."%%". ./Т^ !C. IC/I &"."$^$ CX " " CI(/I XCI C. " C%%" CI XI/^(+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ YZ U+JU 1I ^F"%&Т^ C! "^ 1."%%". ./Т^$ !C. "((^ X#"Т &"."$^$+++++++++++++++++++ZW U+JX 1I ^F"%&Т^ C! "^ 1."%%". ./Т^$ !C. "((^ X#"Т &"."$^$+++++++++++++++++++ZJ U+JV 1I ^F"%&Т^ C! "^ 1."%%". ./Т^$ !C. "((^ X#"Т &"."$^$+ ZT U+JY 1I ^F"%&Т^ ./Т^ !C. ^%&C."Т "(#^.X"Т &"."$^$++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ZUU+JZ 1I ^F"%&Т^ ./Т^ !C. ^%&C."Т "(#^.X"Т &"."$^$ CI XI/^(+ + + + ZX
U+J) 1I ^F"%&Т^ ./Т^ !C. ^%&C."Т "(#^.X"Т &"."$^$ "I( "(#^.X"Т C%&Т^%^I $ C! (X.^ XCI++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ZX U+TW 1I ^F"%&Т^ ./Т^ !C. ^%&C."Т "(#^.X"Т &"."$^$ "I( "(#^.X"Т C%&Т^%^I $ C! (X.^ XCI CI XI/^(++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ZV U+TJ 1I ^F"%&Т^ ./Т^ !C. ^%&C."Т "(#^.X"Т C%&Т^%^I $ C! &^.XC(+ ZY U+TT 1I ^F"%&Т^ ./Т^ C"X" (^"Т$ CX " ^%&C."Т "(#^.X"Т C%&Т^D %^I $ "I( "(#^.X"Т C%&Т^%^I $ C! '/"ТX 0+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ZZU+T= 1I ^F"%&Т^ ./Т^ C"X" (^"Т$ CX " ^%&C."Т "(#^.X"Т C%&Т^D
%^I $ C! !.^'/^I0+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ZZU+TU =/Т^$ C"X" (^"Т CX " "(#^.X"Т C%&Т^%^I $ C! '/"ТX 0 !C.%^(
0 .^(/&ТX" XCI C! "((^ X#^$
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Z)U+TX 1I ^F"%&Т^ ./Т^ C"X" (^"Т$ CX " "(#^.X"Т C%&Т^%^I $ C!
'/"ТX 0 "" $&^X!0 "^ .^"$CI C! "^ #^. ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ )WU+TV =/Т^ C"X" (^"Т CX " "(#^.X"Т C%&Т^%^I $ C! .^&^ X XCI+ + + + )J
U+TY =/Т^$ C"X" (^"Т CX " "(#^.X"Т C%&Т^%^I $ !C.%^( CX " hak,$%$1# .3»" and taraf......................................................................... 91
LIST OF FIGURESXI
4.28 Rules for verb phrases which deal with indefinite direct ob
ject and qualitative adjectives used as adverbial complementsC! '/"ТX 0B .^$&^ X#^Т0++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ )=U+T) 9"^ ./Т^ !C. /$XI1 "I0 IC/I #^. &"."$^ "$ " #^. &"."$^+ )U
U+=W 7C%&C/I( #^.$ "" ^F&.^$$ CI XI/^I^ XI "I " XCI +++++++++++++++++ )XU+=J 7C%&C/I( #^.$ "" ^F&.^$$ XI ^I$XCI ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ )VU+=T 7C%&C/I( #^.$ "" ".^ !C.%^( 0 "/FXТX".0 #^.$+ )V
U+== 1I ^F"%&Т^ ./Т^ !C. $^I ^I^$+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ))
U+=U 1I ^F"%&Т^ ./Т^ !C. $^I ^I^$ CI XI/^(
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++JWWU+=X 1I ^F"%&Т^ ./Т^ !C. $^I ^I^$ CI XI/^( +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++JWUX+J ./ &/ C! "^ &".$^.6C%&XТ^. !C. CI^ C! "^ "%X1/C/$ XI ^.D
&.^ " XCI$ C! 0J2+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++JWZX+T 7c$ ./ /.^ !C. 0Т2++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++JW)
X+= 7c$ ./ /.^ !C. 02
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++JW)X+U 7c$ ./ /.^ !C. 0(2++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++JW)
X+X 7c$ ./ /.^ !C. 0Т^2
List of Tables
4.1 The representation of special Turkish letters..................................57U+T 9"^ I/%^. C! ./Т^$ !C. ^"" " ^1C.0 XI "^ 1."%%".+VU
X+J * " X$ X"Т XI!C.%" XCI "C/ "^ ^$ ./I$+JWV XI1 LIST OF TABLESxm
List of Abbreviations
ISG, 2SG, 3SG
>B T>B => *B T*B =* B TB =
15> 177
17> 1,3[ 1,L[ 1.= 1 5: 71A*
7X3 7.3 7.B, 7.B9 7. ,19 A9 »:B
3 B@ B* B1= B:7 B:»
.9 1=9 1** 1*9!X.$ B $^CI(B "X.( &^.$CI $XI1/Т".
!X.$ B $^CI(B "X.( &^.$CI &Т/."Т !X.$ B $^CI(B "X.( &^.$CI $XI1/Т". &C$$^$$X#^ !X.$ B $^CI(B "X.( &^.$CI &Т/."Т &C$$^$$X#^ "Т" X#^ (-hdEn)accusative {+yl)acceleration suffix {+ylver)adjective conversion, adjective "(#^. CI#^.$XCIB "(#^. "C.X$ 0&C$X X#^; +Er and +Ir^ negative: +z)approximation suffix {+yEyaz)noun to verb conversion with null suffix
"/$" X#^ {+dlr, +t)compound marker {+sl)comparativequotesdbs_dbs21.pdfusesText_27
Director of the Institute
ABSTRACT
1 >:?71>c@AB79.B1> »=1331= @.=
9A=-*4
Zelal Giingordii
3+*+ XI 7C%&/ ^. :I1XI^^.XI1 "I( I!C.%" XCI *X^I^
1(#X$C.; 1$$ + .C!+ ,.+ -^%"Т .!Т"/^.
3/Т0B J))=Natural language processing is a research area which is becoming increas
ingly popular each day for both academic and commercial reasons. Syntactic parsing underlies most of the applications in natural language processing. Al though there have been comprehensive studies of Turkish syntax from a linguis tic perspective, this is one of the first attempts for investigating it extensively from a computational point of view. In this thesis, a lexical-functional grammar for Turkish syntax is presented. Our current work deals with regular Turkishsentences that are structurally simple or complex.Keywords: Natural language processing, computational linguistics, Turkish
syntax, parsing, lexical-functional grammar.ТТÖZET
9H=-I: JIJB 5J= *Gл»H-*:>cJK>:L*:>
»=13:=
5XТ1X$"0". #^ :I!C.%" XE 35"^I(X$ТXNXB O5E$^E >X$"I$
,"IP8%"I; ,.+ -^%"Т .! Т"/^.popülerliği her geçen gün daha da artan bir araştırma alanıdır. Tümcelerin
açıdan kapsamlı çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Ancak, bunların hiçbiri bilgisayar ile
çalışmamız, yapı olarak basit veya girişik olan düz Türkçe tümcelerini ele alıp,
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to express my deep gratitude to my supervisor Asst. Prof. Dr. Kemal Oflazer for his guidance, suggestions, and invaluable encouragement throughout the development of this thesis. I would also like to thank Asst. Prof. Dr. Halil Altay Güvenir and Asst. Prof. Dr. Gem Bozşahin for reading and commenting on the thesis. I owe special thanks to Prof. Dr. Mehmet Baray for providing a pleasant environment for study. I am grateful to the members of my family for their infinite moral support and patience that they have shown, particularly at times I was not with them.Contents
1 Introduction 1
. B'/-,01I4+%,&-$%01 (0220( 32.1 Constituent Structures and Functional Structures...................... 4T+T @/I XCI"Т ,^$.X& XCI$+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ V
T+= S^ТТc!C.%^(I^$$ 7CI(X XCI$ CI @c* ./ /.^$ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ JW3 Turkish Syntax 133.1 Distinctive Characteristics of Turkish Syntax
............................... 13=+T * ./ /."Т 7""." ^.X$ X$ C! 9/.EX$" *^I ^I^$ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ JV=+T+J ..(^. C! 7CI$ X /^I $ XI 9/.EX$" *^I ^I^$ ++++++++++++++++++++++ JV=+T+T :F&.^$$XI1 3/(1^%^I $ 7CIX$^Т0 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ J)=+= 7CI$ X /^I $ C! 9/.EX$" *^I ^I^$ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ TU=+=+J .#^.#X^C++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ TU=+=+T L ^.++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ TU
=+=+= */(^ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ =U =+=+U 7CIC.("I^ C! */(^ "I( L ^.+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ =V=+=+X . (^ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ =V
#XCONTENTSvn
=+=+V I(X.^ 7C%&Т^%^I ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ =Y=+=+Y 1(#^.X"Т 7C%&Т^%^I $+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ =Z=+U 7C%&C/I( BC/I$
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ UV=+X 7Т"$$X!X" XCI C! 9/.EX$" *^I ^I^$ 1C.(XI1 C * ./ /.^ + + + XJ
=+X+J *X%&Т^ *^I ^I^$++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ XJ =+X+T 7C%&C/I( *^I ^I^$++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ XJ =+X+= ..(^.^( *^I ^I^$ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ X=4 LFG for Turkish Syntax 55
4.1 General Structure
.............................................................................. 55U+J+J »^I^."ТX/^( >= ".$^.67C%&XТ^.++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ XY
U+J+T 1.1/%^I * ./ /.^$ C! L ^.$++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ VJU+T 9"^ »."%%".+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ VT
U+T+J BC/I "."+$^$
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ VUU+T+T 1((^ X#"Т "."$^$ Y)
U+T+= 1(#^.X"Т "."$^$++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ZTU+T+U L^. "."$^$ )T
U+T+X *^I ^I^$+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ )V U+T+V ,^&^I(^I 7Т"/$^$+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ )ZU+T+Y >^FX"Т = / Т^$+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++JWU
5 Performance Evaluation):8
; =$%,1+(-$%( 0%* "+<<'(&-$%()))A Input Documents 115
A.l Document 1 - A Story for Children...............................................1151+T .^c^(X ^( L^.$XCI C! ,C/%^I J +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++JJZ
1+= ,C/%^I T c 1 * C.0 !.C% 1 9L 3"1"/XI^
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++JTJ1+U .^c^(X ^( L^.$XCI C! ,C/%^I T ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++JTUB Example Outputs 128CONTENTS viiiList of Figures
2.1 The c-structure for (2)........................................................................ 5
=+J 9"^ $/!!XF^$ "" ".^ "!!XF^( C IC%XI"Т #^.$ == =+T 9".^^ "%X1/C/$ XI ^.&.^ " XCI$ C! 0ZT2 XW U+J 9"^ $0$ ^% "."X ^ /.^+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ XVU+T 1.1/%^I $ ./ /.^$ C! $C%^ #^.$++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ V=U+= 9"^ 1."%%". ./Т^$ !C. IC/I &"."$^$ C"X" ""I(Т^ "^ '/^$ XCI
$/!!XFB "^ &C$ &C$X XCI bile and the conjunction de/da .......................65U+U 9"^ 1."%%". ./Т^ !C. C%&C/I( IC/I$+ VY U+X 9"^ 1."%%". ./Т^ !C. C%&C/I( IC/I$ CI XI/^( ++++++++++++++++++++++++ VZU+V 9"^ 1."%%". ./Т^ !C. C%&C/I( IC/I$ CI XI/^(++++++++++++++++++++++++ V)U+Y 9"^ 1."%%". ./Т^ !C. C%&C/I( IC/I$ CI XI/^(++++++++++++++++++++++++ YW
U+Z 9"^ 1."%%". ./Т^ !C. IC%XI"Т C%&C/I($ CX " "I "((^ X#"Т%C(X!X^.+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ YT
U+) 9"^ 1."%%". ./Т^ !C. IC%XI"Т C%&C/I($ CX " "I "((^ X#"Т %C(X!X^. CI XI/^(+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Y= U+JW 9"^ 1."%%". ./Т^ !C. IC%XI"Т C%&C/I($ CX " "I "((^ X#"Т %C(X!X^. CI XI/^(+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ YU U+JJ 9"^ 1."%%". ./Т^ !C. IC/I &"."$^$ "" ^F&.^$$ " I/%^.+ + + + YV XFLIST OF FIGURES
4.12 The grammar rule for noun phrases with a conjunction or a
C%%"+ YY
U+J= 9"^ 1."%%". ./Т^ !C. IC/I &"."$^$ CX " " CI(/I XCI C. " C%%" CI XI/^(+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ YZ U+JU 1I ^F"%&Т^ C! "^ 1."%%". ./Т^$ !C. "((^ X#"Т &"."$^$+++++++++++++++++++ZW U+JX 1I ^F"%&Т^ C! "^ 1."%%". ./Т^$ !C. "((^ X#"Т &"."$^$+++++++++++++++++++ZJ U+JV 1I ^F"%&Т^ C! "^ 1."%%". ./Т^$ !C. "((^ X#"Т &"."$^$+ ZTU+JY 1I ^F"%&Т^ ./Т^ !C. ^%&C."Т "(#^.X"Т &"."$^$++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ZUU+JZ 1I ^F"%&Т^ ./Т^ !C. ^%&C."Т "(#^.X"Т &"."$^$ CI XI/^(+ + + + ZX
U+J) 1I ^F"%&Т^ ./Т^ !C. ^%&C."Т "(#^.X"Т &"."$^$ "I( "(#^.X"Т C%&Т^%^I $ C! (X.^ XCI++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ZX U+TW 1I ^F"%&Т^ ./Т^ !C. ^%&C."Т "(#^.X"Т &"."$^$ "I( "(#^.X"Т C%&Т^%^I $ C! (X.^ XCI CI XI/^(++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ZV U+TJ 1I ^F"%&Т^ ./Т^ !C. ^%&C."Т "(#^.X"Т C%&Т^%^I $ C! &^.XC(+ ZY U+TT 1I ^F"%&Т^ ./Т^ C"X" (^"Т$ CX " ^%&C."Т "(#^.X"Т C%&Т^D%^I $ "I( "(#^.X"Т C%&Т^%^I $ C! '/"ТX 0+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ZZU+T= 1I ^F"%&Т^ ./Т^ C"X" (^"Т$ CX " ^%&C."Т "(#^.X"Т C%&Т^D
%^I $ C! !.^'/^I0+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ZZU+TU =/Т^$ C"X" (^"Т CX " "(#^.X"Т C%&Т^%^I $ C! '/"ТX 0 !C.%^(
0 .^(/&ТX" XCI C! "((^ X#^$
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Z)U+TX 1I ^F"%&Т^ ./Т^ C"X" (^"Т$ CX " "(#^.X"Т C%&Т^%^I $ C!
'/"ТX 0 "" $&^X!0 "^ .^"$CI C! "^ #^.++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ )WU+TV =/Т^ C"X" (^"Т CX " "(#^.X"Т C%&Т^%^I $ C! .^&^ X XCI+ + + + )J
U+TY =/Т^$ C"X" (^"Т CX " "(#^.X"Т C%&Т^%^I $ !C.%^( CX " hak,$%$1# .3»" and taraf......................................................................... 91
LIST OF FIGURESXI
4.28 Rules for verb phrases which deal with indefinite direct ob
ject and qualitative adjectives used as adverbial complementsC! '/"ТX 0B .^$&^ X#^Т0++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ )=U+T) 9"^ ./Т^ !C. /$XI1 "I0 IC/I #^. &"."$^ "$ " #^. &"."$^+ )U
U+=W 7C%&C/I( #^.$ "" ^F&.^$$ CI XI/^I^ XI "I " XCI +++++++++++++++++ )XU+=J 7C%&C/I( #^.$ "" ^F&.^$$ XI ^I$XCI++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ )VU+=T 7C%&C/I( #^.$ "" ".^ !C.%^( 0 "/FXТX".0 #^.$+ )V
U+== 1I ^F"%&Т^ ./Т^ !C. $^I ^I^$+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ))
U+=U 1I ^F"%&Т^ ./Т^ !C. $^I ^I^$ CI XI/^(
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++JWWU+=X 1I ^F"%&Т^ ./Т^ !C. $^I ^I^$ CI XI/^(+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++JWUX+J ./ &/ C! "^ &".$^.6C%&XТ^. !C. CI^ C! "^ "%X1/C/$ XI ^.D
&.^ " XCI$ C! 0J2+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++JWZX+T 7c$ ./ /.^ !C. 0Т2++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++JW)
X+= 7c$ ./ /.^ !C. 02
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++JW)X+U 7c$ ./ /.^ !C. 0(2++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++JW)
X+X 7c$ ./ /.^ !C. 0Т^2
List of Tables
4.1 The representation of special Turkish letters..................................57U+T 9"^ I/%^. C! ./Т^$ !C. ^"" " ^1C.0 XI "^ 1."%%".+VU
X+J * " X$ X"Т XI!C.%" XCI "C/ "^ ^$ ./I$+JWV XI1LIST OF TABLESxm
List of Abbreviations
ISG, 2SG, 3SG
>B T>B => *B T*B =*B TB =
15> 17717> 1,3[ 1,L[ 1.= 1 5: 71A*
7X3 7.3 7.B, 7.B9 7. ,19 A9
»:B
3 B@ B* B1= B:7B:»
.9 1=9 1**1*9!X.$ B $^CI(B "X.( &^.$CI $XI1/Т".
!X.$ B $^CI(B "X.( &^.$CI &Т/."Т !X.$ B $^CI(B "X.( &^.$CI $XI1/Т". &C$$^$$X#^ !X.$ B $^CI(B "X.( &^.$CI &Т/."Т &C$$^$$X#^ "Т" X#^ (-hdEn)accusative {+yl)acceleration suffix {+ylver)adjective conversion, adjective "(#^. CI#^.$XCIB "(#^."C.X$ 0&C$X X#^; +Er and +Ir^ negative: +z)approximation suffix {+yEyaz)noun to verb conversion with null suffix
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