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Computer Networks

Types of Networks. » Network Devices. » Networking Topologies. » Identifying Nodes in a Networked. Communication. » Internet Web and the.



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Ppt of types of-network - SlideShare

Types of Networks Point to point vs Broadcast Circuit switched vs packet switched Local Area Networks (LAN) 0-2 km Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN) 2-50 km Wide Area Networks (WAN) 50+ km WAN Bus LAN Ring LAN The Ohio State UniversityRaj Jain 2- 6 Protocol Layers



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TYPES OF COMPUTER NETWORKS The computers on a network may be linked through cables telephone lines radio waves satellites or infrared light beams Local Area Network (LAN) Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) Wide Area Network (WAN) Personal Area Network (PAN) A LAN is a network that is used for



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Desirable 10 12 to 10 15 networks Raj Jain 27 IPv6 Addresses q 128-bit long Fixed size q 2128 = 3 4×10 38 addresses ? 665×10 21 addresses per sq m of earth surface

What are the devices used to connect network?

6. Devices Use To Connect Network: ? ? Routers ? Gateways ? Repeaters ? Bridges ? Hub ? Modem 6 7. Types Of Network: ? ? Local Area Network ? Wide Area Network ? Metropolitan Area Network 7 8.

What is a LAN network?

Local Area Network (LAN) Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) Wide Area Network (WAN) Personal Area Network (PAN) A LAN is a network that is used for communicating among computer devices, usually within an office building or home. LAN’s enable the sharing of resources such as files or hardware devices that may be needed by multiple users

What is a network and how does it work?

network consists of two or more computers that are linked in order to share resources (such as printers and CDs), exchange files, or allow electronic communications. The computers on a network may be linked through cables, telephone lines, radio waves, satellites, or infrared light beams. Local Area Network (LAN) Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

What is a man network?

1. Is collection of LANs with the same geographical area, for instance a city. 2. Is a network of computers located at different sites within a large physical area, such as a city. 3. MAN often acts as a high speed network (although not as fast as LAN) to allow sharing of regional resources.

Raj Jain

The Ohio State University

2-1Introduction to

Introduction to

Networking Protocols

Networking Protocols

and Architecture and Architecture

Raj Jain

Professor of CIS

The Ohio State University

Columbus, OH 43210

Jain@acm.org

These slides are available on-line at:

Raj Jain

The Ohio State University

2-2Overview

OverviewqData Comm vs Networking vs Distributed Systems qTypes of Networks qProtocol Layers: OSI and TCP/IP Models qConnection-oriented vs connectionless qLayered packet format

Raj Jain

The Ohio State University

2-3Data Communication vs Networking

Data Communication vs NetworkingqCommunication: Two Nodes. Mostly EE issues. qNetworking: Two or more nodes. More issues, e.g., routing

Raj Jain

The Ohio State University

2-4Distributed Systems vs Networks

Distributed Systems vs NetworksqDistributed Systems: qUsers are unaware of underlying structure.

E.g., trn instead of \n\bone\0\trn

qMostly operating systems issues. qNodes are generally under one organization's control. qNetworks: Users specify the location of resources. http:\\www.cis.ohio-state.edu\~jain\ qNodes are autonomous.

ServerServer

Raj Jain

The Ohio State University

2-5Types of Networks

Types of NetworksqPoint to point vs Broadcast

qCircuit switched vs packet switched qLocal Area Networks (LAN) 0-2 km,

Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN) 2-50 km,

Wide Area Networks (WAN) 50+ kmWANBus LANRing

LAN

Raj Jain

The Ohio State University

2-6Protocol Layers

Protocol LayersPhilosopher

Translator

SecretaryI believe there is a God!

qProblem: Philosophers in different countries speak different languages. The Telex system works only with English.

Raj Jain

The Ohio State University

2-7Design Issues for Layers

Design Issues for LayersqDuplexity:

qSimplex: Transmit or receive qFull Duplex: Transmit and receive simultaneously qHalf-Duplex: Transmit and receive alternately qError Control: Error detection and recovery qFlow Control: Fast sender

Raj Jain

The Ohio State University

2-8ISO/OSI Reference Model

ISO/OSI Reference ModelApplicationPresentationSessionTransportNetworkDatalinkPhysical

How to transmit signal: CodingTwo party communication: EthernetRouting, Addressing: IPEnd-to-end communication: TCPFile transfer, Email, Remote Login

ASCII Text, Sound

Establish/manage connection123

Raj Jain

The Ohio State University

2-9Layering

LayeringqProtocols of a layer perform a similar set of functions qAll alternatives for a row have the same interfaces qChoice of protocols at a layer is independent of those of at other layers. E.g., IP over Ethernet or token ring qNeed one component of each layer Þ Null componentsSame

InterfacesTrans Control Prot

Novell Netware (IPX)

Token RingInternet Protocol

Ethernet

CopperFiberFTPTelnetWebEmail

User Datagram Prot

Raj Jain

The Ohio State University

2-10SDUInterfaces and Services

Interfaces and ServicesqIDU = Interface Data Unit = ICI + SDU qICI = Interface Control Information qSDU = Service Data Unit qPDU = Protocol Data Unit = Fragments of SDU +

Header or Several SDUs + Header (blocking)

qSAP = Service Access PointICISDUIDU

SDUICIHeader

PDUSAPICISDUIDU

SDUICI

SAP

Raj Jain

The Ohio State University

2-11Protocol Data Unit (PDU)

Protocol Data Unit (PDU)Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Datalink

PhysicalAPDU, MessagePPDU

SPDU TPDU

NPDU, Packet

DPDU, Frame

PhPDU, FrameApplication

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Datalink

Physical

Raj Jain

The Ohio State University

2-12Service Data Unit (SDU)

Service Data Unit (SDU)Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

DatalinkPSDU

SSDU TSDU NSDU DSDU

PhSDUPhysical

Raj Jain

The Ohio State University

2-13Connection-Oriented vs Connectionless

Connection-Oriented vs ConnectionlessqConnection-Oriented: Telephone System qPath setup before data is sent qData need not have address. Circuit number is used. qVirtual circuits: Multiple circuits on one wire. qConnectionless: Postal System. Also known as datagram. qComplete address on each packet qThe address decides the next hop at each routing point

Raj Jain

The Ohio State University

2-14Types of Services

Types of ServicesqByte streams: user message boundaries are not preserved qRequest-reply: The reply serves as an acknowledgement also qMessage oriented or byte oriented approach can be used for unreliable connection-oriented communicationConnection-orientedDatagram

ReliableUnreliableReliableUnreliable

AcknowledgedRequest-ReplyMessage

SequenceByte

Stream

Raj Jain

The Ohio State University

2-15Service Primitives

Service PrimitivesqIndication = Interrupt

1. Request

2. IndicationHigher Layer

Lower LayerHigher Layer

Lower Layer1234

3. Response

4. Confirm

Unconfirmed service: No confirmation or response

Raj Jain

The Ohio State University

2-16TCP/IP Reference Model

TCP/IP Reference ModelqTCP = Transport Control Protocol qIP = Internet Protocol (Routing)

Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Datalink

PhysicalApplication

Transport

Internetwork

Host to

NetworkFTP

TCP IP Ether netTelnetHTTP UDP

Packet

RadioPoint-to-

PointTCP/IP Ref ModelOSI Ref ModelTCP/IP Protocols

Raj Jain

The Ohio State University

2-17OSI vs TCP Reference Models

OSI vs TCP Reference ModelsqOSI introduced concept of services, interface, protocols. These were force-fitted to TCP later

Þ It is not easy to replace protocols in TCP.

qIn OSI, reference model was done before protocols.

In TCP, protocols were done before the model

qOSI: Standardize first, build later

TCP: Build first, standardize later

qOSI took too long to standardize. TCP/IP was already in wide use by the time. qOSI become too complex. qTCP/IP is not general. Ad hoc.

Raj Jain

The Ohio State University

2-18Layered Packet Format

Layered Packet FormatqNth layer control info is

passed as N-1th layer data.FTP DataFTP

HeaderTCP DataTCP

HeaderIP DataIP

HeaderEthernet DataEthernet

HeaderEthernet

Trailer

Raj Jain

The Ohio State University

2-19Summary

SummaryqCommunication, Networks, and Distributed systems qISO/OSI's 7-layer reference model qTCP/IP has a 4-layer model qPDU, SAP, Request, Indication

Raj Jain

The Ohio State University

2-20Reading Assignment

Reading AssignmentqRead Sections 1.4, 1.5, Appendix 1A, 1B, Sections

2.2, and 2.3 of Stallings 6th Edition

q1.4 Protocols and Protocol Architecture q1.5 Standards qAppendix 1A: Standards organizations qAppendix 1B: Internet Resources q2.2 OSI q2.3 TCP/IP

Raj Jain

The Ohio State University

2-21Homework

HomeworkqVisit www.ietf.org and find the titles of RFC1 and

RFC137

qCheck newsgroup comp.protocols.tcp-ip and list any one of the current issues being discussed there qSubmit answers to Problems 2.4 and 2.7 of Stallings

6th Edition

qProblem 2.4: Communications between France and China qProblem 2.7: Segmentation and Blockingquotesdbs_dbs19.pdfusesText_25
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