Computer Networks
Types of Networks. » Network Devices. » Networking Topologies. » Identifying Nodes in a Networked. Communication. » Internet Web and the.
Federal Definitions for Health Insurance Products and Plans
27-Dec-2016 A product is a discrete package of health insurance coverage benefits that are offered using a particular product network type (such as ...
Basic Networking Concepts
-A network can be defined as a group of computers and other devices There are two principle kinds of networks: Wide Area Networks.
COMPUTER NETWORKS [R15A0513] LECTURE NOTES MALLA
Best example is the internet. Other types. WLAN (Wireless LAN). A LAN that uses high frequency radio waves for communication. Provides short range connectivity
CS 97SI
29-Jun-2015 Network Flow Problem. ? A type of network optimization problem. ? Arise in many different contexts (CS 261):. – Networks: routing as many ...
Unit 1. Introduction to data communications and networking
This exchange of data takes place over a computer network. 1.2 DATA & INFORMATION Some of the forms of data used in communications are as follows:.
TYPES OF COMPUTER NETWORKS
Different Types of Networks. • Depending upon the geographical area covered by a network it is classified as: – Local Area Network (LAN).
EVOLUTION OF COMPUTER NETWORKS
The influence of computer networks on other types of telecommunications networks resulted in network convergence a process that started long before the
CRYPTOGRAPHY AND NETWORK SECURITY LECTURE NOTES
Computer-based Symmetric Key Cryptographic Algorithms: Algorithm Types and Modes. An overview of Symmetric Key Cryptography
ATG - Storage PPT Template for 2021
•Deploying NVMe-0F IBM B-type switches. •ESG Paper -IBM FlashSystem with Brocade Gen 7. Storage Networking(SWITCHES) and Emulex. Fibre Channel Technology.
Networking Fundamentals - Cisco
Types of Networks Local Area Network (LAN) Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) Wide Area Network (WAN) © 2006 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved SMBUF-5 WAN Technologies Circuit-switched Asynchronous serial ISDN Layer 1 TELEPHONE COMPANY Leased Line Synchronous serial © 2006 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved SMBUF-6
Ppt of types of-network - SlideShare
Types of Networks Point to point vs Broadcast Circuit switched vs packet switched Local Area Networks (LAN) 0-2 km Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN) 2-50 km Wide Area Networks (WAN) 50+ km WAN Bus LAN Ring LAN The Ohio State UniversityRaj Jain 2- 6 Protocol Layers
TYPES OF COMPUTER NETWORKS - EazyNotes
TYPES OF COMPUTER NETWORKS The computers on a network may be linked through cables telephone lines radio waves satellites or infrared light beams Local Area Network (LAN) Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) Wide Area Network (WAN) Personal Area Network (PAN) A LAN is a network that is used for
Networking Basics - Class Presentation
Desirable 10 12 to 10 15 networks Raj Jain 27 IPv6 Addresses q 128-bit long Fixed size q 2128 = 3 4×10 38 addresses ? 665×10 21 addresses per sq m of earth surface
What are the devices used to connect network?
6. Devices Use To Connect Network: ? ? Routers ? Gateways ? Repeaters ? Bridges ? Hub ? Modem 6 7. Types Of Network: ? ? Local Area Network ? Wide Area Network ? Metropolitan Area Network 7 8.
What is a LAN network?
Local Area Network (LAN) Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) Wide Area Network (WAN) Personal Area Network (PAN) A LAN is a network that is used for communicating among computer devices, usually within an office building or home. LAN’s enable the sharing of resources such as files or hardware devices that may be needed by multiple users
What is a network and how does it work?
network consists of two or more computers that are linked in order to share resources (such as printers and CDs), exchange files, or allow electronic communications. The computers on a network may be linked through cables, telephone lines, radio waves, satellites, or infrared light beams. Local Area Network (LAN) Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
What is a man network?
1. Is collection of LANs with the same geographical area, for instance a city. 2. Is a network of computers located at different sites within a large physical area, such as a city. 3. MAN often acts as a high speed network (although not as fast as LAN) to allow sharing of regional resources.
Raj Jain
BasicsBasicsBasicsBasics
Raj Jain
The Ohio State University
Columbus, OH 43210
Jain@CIS.Ohio-State.Edu
http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~jain/Raj Jain
2Overview
Overview
qStandards Organizations qISO/OSI and TCP/IP Reference Model qFlow and Error Control qEthernet, HDLC, PPP qInternet Protocol (IP), IPv6 qTCP qDomain Name SystemRaj Jain
3International Standards Organizations
International Standards Organizations
qISO: International Standards OrganizationChartered by United Nations
qITU: International Telecommunications Union mITU-T: Consultative Committee on InternationalTelephone and Telegraph (CCITT)
mITU-R: Consultative Committee on InternationalRadio (CCIR)
mExample Standards: G.724, X.25, Q.931 mwww.itu.chqIEC: International Electrotechnical CommissionRaj Jain
4National Standards Organizations
National Standards Organizations
qANSI: American National Standards Institute mwww.ansi.orgmNon-governmental, nonprofit, over 300 committees mANSI T1.105-1995 SONETANSI X3.131-1994 SCSI-2
mRepresents USA in ITU, IEC, and ISORaj Jain
5Professional Associations
Professional Associations
qIEEE: Inst of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, mstandards.ieee.orgmIEEE Þ ISO (via ANSI) mEthernet Þ IEEE 802.3 Þ ISO 8802-3:1998 qEIA: Electronic Industries Association, www.eia.orgmExample: EIA-232 (RS-232) qTIA: Telecommunications Industries Association, mwww.tiaonline.orgqATM Forum, www.atmforum.comqFrame Relay Forum, www.frforum.comRaj Jain
6Professional Communities
Professional Communities
qIETF: mInternet Engineering Task Force, www.ietf.orgmOriginated by DARPA for TCP/IP protocol development mNow chartered by Internet Society mRequest for Comments (RFC),E.g., www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0793.txt = TCP
mInternet Drafts: ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/qdraft-ietf-diffserv-framework-02.txt qdraft-bhani-mpls-te-eval-00.txtRaj Jain
7ISO/OSI Reference Model
ISO/OSI Reference ModelApplication
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Datalink
Physical
How to transmit signal: CodingTwo party communication: EthernetRouting, Addressing: IPEnd-to-end communication: TCPFile transfer, Email, Remote Login
ASCII Text, Sound
Establish/manage connection123
Raj Jain
8TCP/IP Reference Model
TCP/IP Reference Model
qTCP = Transport Control Protocol qIP = Internet Protocol (Routing)ApplicationPresentation
Session
Transport
Network
Datalink
PhysicalApplication
Transport
Internetwork
Host to
NetworkFTP
TCP IP Ether netTelnetHTTP UDPPacket
RadioPoint-to-
PointTCP/IP Ref ModelOSI Ref ModelTCP/IP ProtocolsRaj Jain
9Layered Packet Format
Layered Packet Format
qNth layer control info is passed as N-1th layer data.FTP DataFTPHeaderTCP DataTCP
HeaderIP DataIP
HeaderEthernet DataEthernet
HeaderEthernet
Trailer
Raj Jain
10Flow Control
Flow Control
qFlow Control = Sender does not flood the receiver, but maximizes throughput qSender throttled until receiver grants permission qMethods: Stop and wait, Sliding windowDataAckSenderReceiverData
AckSenderReceiver
DataData
AckAckData
Raj Jain
11Error Control
Error Control
qError Control = Deliver frames without error, in the proper order to network layer qError Detection: Cyclic Redundancy Check, SequenceNumbers, Ack/Nak, Time-out
qError Recovery: Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ)Stop and Wait, Go back n Selective Reject1
Ack 22
2TimeoutAck 33
Ack 51
Srej 33
Ack 51
Raj Jain
12Connection-Oriented vs
Connection-Oriented vs
Connectionless
Connectionless
qConnection-Oriented: Telephone System mPath setup before data is sent mData need not have address. Circuit number is sufficient. qConnectionless: Postal System. mComplete address on each packet mThe address decides the next hop at each routerRaj Jain
13Multiple Access Protocols
Multiple Access Protocols
(a) Multiple Access (b) Carrier-Sense Multiple Access with Collision DetectionRaj Jain
14Multiple Access Protocols
Multiple Access Protocols
qAloha at University of Hawaii:Transmit whenever you like
Worst case utilization = 1/(2e) =18%
qCSMA: Carrier Sense Multiple AccessListen before you transmit
qCSMA/CD: CSMA with Collision DetectionListen while transmitting.
Stop if you hear someone else.
qEthernet uses CSMA/CD.Standardized by IEEE 802.3 committee.
Raj Jain
15Ethernet Standards
Ethernet Standards
q10BASE5: 10 Mb/s over coaxial cable (ThickWire) q10BROAD36: 10 Mb/s over broadband cable, 3600 m max segments q1BASE5: 1 Mb/s over 2 pairs of UTP q10BASE2: 10 Mb/s over thin RG58 coaxial cable (ThinWire), 185 m max segments q10BASE-T: 10 Mb/s over 2 pairs of UTP q10BASE-FL: 10 Mb/s fiber optic point-to-point link q10BASE-FB: 10 Mb/s fiber optic backbone (between repeaters). Also, known as synchronous Ethernet.Raj Jain
16HDLC Family
HDLC Family
qSynchronous Data Link Control (SDLC): IBM qHigh-Level Data Link Control (HDLC): ISO qLink Access Procedure-Balanced (LAPB): X.25 qLink Access Procedure for the D channel (LAPD): ISDN qLink Access Procedure for modems (LAPM): V.42 qLink Access Procedure for half-duplex links (LAPX):Teletex
qPoint-to-Point Protocol (PPP): Internet qLogical Link Control (LLC): IEEE qAdvanced Data Comm Control Proc (ADCCP): ANSI qV.120 and Frame relay also use HDLCRaj Jain
17HDLC
HDLC qPrimary station: Issue commands qSecondary Station:Issue responses qCombined Station: Both primary and secondary qUnbalanced Configuration: One or more secondary qBalanced Configuration: Two combined station qNormal Response Mode (NRM): Response from secondary qAsynchronous Balanced Mode (ABM): CombinedStation
qAsynchronous Response Mode (ARM): Secondary may respond before commandRaj Jain
18HDLC Framing: Bit Stuffing
HDLC Framing: Bit Stuffing
qHDLC frames are delimited by flags: 01111110 qStuff bits if pattern appears in data qRemove stuffed bits at destinationTransmitterReceiver0 11111 11111 11111 10010
01111110 0 111110 111110 111110 10010 011111100 11111 11111 11111 10010Flag
Raj Jain
19HDLC Frames
HDLC Frames
qInformation Frames: User data mPiggybacked Acks: Next frame expected mPoll/Final = Command/Response qSupervisory Frames: Flow and error control mGo back N and Selective Reject mFinal Þ No more data to send qUnnumbered Frames: Control mMode setting commands and responses mInformation transfer commands and responses mRecovery commands and responses mMiscellaneous commands and responsesRaj Jain
20PPP: Introduction
PPP: Introduction
qPoint-to-point Protocol qOriginally for User-network connection qNow being used for router-router connection also qPPP is used when you connect to an internet service provider (ISP) via modem qPPP is a variation of HDLC qUses flags like HDLC qUses byte stuffing in stead of bit stuffingRaj Jain
21PPP in HDLC-Like
PPP in HDLC-Like
Framing
Framing
qFlag = 0111 1110 = 7E qByte Stuffing:7E Þ 7D 5E
7D Þ 7D 5DFlagAddressControlProtocol
Raj Jain
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