The Complete Manual of Typography Second Edition
“Dangerously good book on typography. 'Dangerous' because there is enough pdf files—which typically include embedded fonts—are relatively large and need ...
The Complete Manual of Typography Second Edition
“Dangerously good book on typography. 'Dangerous' because there is enough pdf (Portable Document Format) 291 pdl (page description language)
The Elements of Typographic Style Robert Bringhurst 1992
There are many books about typography and some of them are models of the art they teach. But when I set myself to compile a simple list of working principles
Grid systems
typography. In his book "Die neue Typografie" (1928). J. Tschichold formulated the rules of an up-to-date and objective typography which met the needs of the.
Grid systems in graphic design - Josef Muller-Brockmann
This book is an attempt to close the gap. The author thanks the publisher Earlier typography (midline typography) played an active role against a dead ...
TYPOGRAPHY
grafitti artists comic book artists
CLASS – XI STUDY MATERAIL TYPOGRAPHY & COMPUTER
his vision on the note book/source copy. Keys have to be operated as per the universal method of typing. 2.6 LEARNING HOME ROW: Given below is the picture
The art & practice of typography : a manual of American printing
in book typography applicable to job typography—The job compositor drawing to block books and from block books to books printed from types occurred ...
Typography
Serif fonts are known for their readability and is widely used in text composition for books newspapers
NASA Graphics Standards Manual (NHB 1430.2) (January 1976)
1 Jan 1976 This manual is a reference book for NASA designers. It is the official ... Typography and typographic design are the "architecture" of any ...
Typography
Serif fonts are known for their readability and is widely used in text composition for books newspapers
Complete Manual of Typography by James Felici
“If nothing else this book will make interesting reading for people who love to read books and think about the written word. For me
The Elements of Typographic Style Robert Bringhurst 1992
Type and type-founding. 3. Book design. 4. Printing - Specimens. 1. Title.
Typography
Serif fonts are known for their readability and is widely used in text composition for books newspapers
The art & practice of typography : a manual of American printing
The printer <ind typography—The MiddleAges and tlic. Dark Ages—I^tin in written books kept knowledge alive. Meaning of "manuscript" —Writing materials
INTRODUCTION TO TYPOGRAPHY
Typography is simply put
A Basic Introduction to Typography
Designers are often unsure of the difference between these two as they are often confused for being the same thing Typographic Basics... typeface or font?
CLASS – XI STUDY MATERAIL TYPOGRAPHY & COMPUTER
Unit-1 Typography & Computer Application (English) consists of two parts: An OCR system is used to take a book or a magazine article and.
TYPOGRAPHY
grafitti artists comic book artists
Thinking With Type by Ellen Lupton
Craig's primer Designing with Type the utilitarian classic that was our text book at Cooper. If that book was a handyman's guide to basic typography
Lessons in Typography: Must-know typographic principles
124 Hand-lettering based on existing fonts 125 Lettering analog 126Focusing on: Assembling Hand-Lettered Words 128 The illustrated word 130Your Turn To: Make Letters and Words 132 4 Multi-Word Presentations 134 Logo Headline and Word Graphic Fundamentals 135 Simple and effective 136 Font choices font voices 138 Combining fonts
Unit 4C wwwaigaorg Typography - American Institute of
Typography in Action The Language of Type Font Pairing and Hierarchy FIGURE 1: The History of Typography in an animated short by Forrest Media (https://forrestmedia org/video-work/) It plainly explains the history of fonts and typography through paper-letter animation
What is the Complete Manual of typography?
Commonly used in the design curriculum of college courses, The Complete Manual of Typography is a comprehensive guide to professionally setting type. John Kane is a professor who teaches typography and graphic design at Northeastern University.
What are the best books about typography?
Designer Jason Santa Maria’s book is one of the shortest books about typography that I own but also one of my favorites. It features a nice overview of the basics and also includes some new ideas that I hadn’t read about in other books. The How We Read section is particularly good and is even available to read for free online.
How to learn typography?
You only need to know a little to make a big difference in the stuff you do every day. The right kind of knowledge is critical in the way of learning typography. In this post, we have selected some great typography e-books for you to master in typography. All these typography books are absolutely free to download and use.
TheART&•PRACTICEo/TYPOGRAPHY
ByEDMUNDG.GRESS
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ANDELABORATESHOWINGOFMODERN
COMMERCIALTYPOGRAPHICSPECIMENS
ByEDMUNDG.GRESS
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TYPEDESIGNSINCOLOR
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OFTHECRAFTyANEXTENSIVEREVIEW
ANDELABORATESHOWINGOFMODERN
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ByEDMUNDG.GRESS
EDITORANDCO-AUTHORTHEAMERICANMANUALOFTYPOGRAPHY
AUTHOR
•THEAMERICANHANDBOOKOFPRINTING" •TYPEDESIGNSINCOLOR-NEWYORK-OSWALDPUBLISHINGCOMPANY1910
i PI^DTOTHETYPOGRAPHER
WHOSEEKINGKNOWLEDGE
ANDINSPIREDBYAMBITION
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INSPITEOF
EVERYDISCOURAGEMENT
THISBOOK
ISDEDICATED
PI~IDTABLEOFCONTENTS
PAGESYNOPSISOFCONTENTSVII
LISTOFREPRODUCTIONSXVII
LISTOFDESIGNERSXXIII
AUTHORSPREFACEXXV
WHENBOOKSWEREWRITTEN1
THEORIGINOFTYPOGRAPHY7
THESPREADOFTYPOGRAPHY13
TYPOGRAPHYINCOLONIALDAYS19
TYPOGRAPHYINTHE19thCENTURY27
THE"LAYOUT"MAN35
HARMONYANDAPPROPRIATENESS41
TONEANDCONTRAST47
PROPORTION,BALANCEANDSPACING53
ORNAMENTATION59
THETYPOGRAPHYOFBOOKS67
BOOKLETS75
CATALOGS83
PROGRAMS91
ANNOUNCEMENTS99
TICKETS107
LETTERHEADSANDENVELOPSIll
BILLHEADSANDSTATEMENTS119
BUSINESSCARDSANDBLOTTERS123
POSTERS129
THETYPOGRAPHYOFADVERTISEMENTS135
TYPE-FACES.143
IMPRINTS153
THETYPOGRAPHYOFACIRCULARi
THETYPOGRAPHYOFABUSINESSCARDix
THETYPOGRAPHYOFABLOTTERxvii
SYNOPSISOFCONTENTS
PARTONE
WFIEXBOOKSWEREWRITTEN
Paf/e1
Theprinter DarkAges - I^tininwrittenbookskeptknowledgealive
Meaningof"manuscript" - Writingmaterials - Arrow-
shapedwritingoftheChaldeans - Papyrusrollsoftiic Egyptians - Ink,paperandblock-printingsupposedlyin- ventedbytheChinese - Dressedskinsandpalmleavesused byHindoos - TheHebrewswroteuponstonesandanimal skins - WeowethepresentRomanalphabettothePhoe- nicians - Theword"alphabet"derivedfromthefirsttwo lettersoftheGreekalphabet.AlphaandBeta - Thebards ofGreece - Manuscriptswrittenbyslaves - Papyrusim- portedfromEgypt - Developmentofparchment,andwhat itis - ThegreatAlexandrianlibrary - lengthofrolls - Story of"Septuagint" - DestructionoftheAlexandrianlibrary RomesupersedesAlexandriaasanintellectualcenter
Caesarcreditedasthefounderofthefirstnewspaper
"Short-hand"writing - The{)eriodofEmperorAugustusa memorableoneinliterature - Producinglargeeditionsof manuscriptrolls - Bookswereplentifulandcheap - Elab- orateparchmentrolls - Originofflat-sheetbooks - Hinged waxedtablets - DestructionofthelibraryatConstantinople - DriftofliteraturetowardtheEast - Transcribingand
decoratingholywritingsinthemonasteriesofEurope MonopolyoflearninggavepowertoChurchofRome
SincetheseventhcenturymonasterymanuscriptsinLatin, theofficiallanguageofthatchurch - TranslationofBible into"Vulgartongue"forbidden - ^WilliamTyndale'sEnglish translation - MartinLuther'sGermantranslation - Making ofmanuscriptbooksintheMiddleAges - St.Benedictsets themonkstoworkcopyingmanitscripts - Popularityof cloisters - Thescriptoriumandtherulesgoverningscribeor copyist - Toolsandmaterials - Rubrics - Illuminating - The copyistatwork - AbeautifulIrishbook - Illuminators' colorsandbindingofmanuscriptbooks - Missal,Psalter, BookofHours - Donatus,booksassociatedwiththeMiddle Ages - FirsttypeswereimitationsofcurrentGothiclettering - TypescutinstyleofRomanlettering - AncientRoman
writingallcapitals - EvolutionofRomancapitalsintosmall orlower-caseletters - Theuncialandhalf-uncial - Minus- culeandmajuscule - Developmentofwritingtowardboth heavypointedGothicandtheRomanstyleusedbyNicholas Jensen - Cursive,a"script"letter.
THEORIGINOFTYPOGRAPHY
Page7 Theinventionoftypographymarkedthebeginningofa
newcivilization - ThebeginningandendoftheMiddle Ages - Printingwithseparatemetaltypesanevolution
Demandforplayingcardsandsacredpictures - Engraved
woodblocks - Blockbooks,andmethodofprintingthem - Coloringcardsandpicturesbymeansofstencils - Theoldest datedspecimenofprinting - Thefirstblockbooksprobably Latingrammars - The"ArtofDying,"the"Bibleofthe
Poor,"andthe"MirrorofHumanSalvation" - When,where
andbywhomwastypographyinvented.* - Theinventor failedtoprinthisnameonhisproduct - Almostevery Europeancountryclaimedthehonor - Allclaimsdisproved exceptingthoseofGermanyandHolland - Weightofevi- denceiswithGermany - Typographywaspracticedby GutenbergatMainzsometimeduring1450-1455 - Claimsof priorityforCosterofHaarlem - Storyoftheinventionby UlrichZelltheearliesttestimonyonthesubject - Dierick Coornhert'sversion - Theunfaithfulservant - Dignifiedgray headspointoutthehouseof"thefirstprinter" - Hadrian Juniusandhis"CosterLegend" - Fashioningthebarkofa
beechtreeintheformofletters - Changingtheletterstolead andthentotin - Oldwineflagonsmeltedintotype - Awork- man,JohnFaust,stealsthetype-makinginstruments Cornells,anoldbookbinder - Thestorydissected - Peter Scriveriushasanotherversion - Aclapofthunder - ^Con- fusionofdates - AstatueerectedtoCosterinHaarlem "Trueandrationalaccount"byoneLeiz - GerardMeer- man'sstory - Thesheriffwhoprintedwithwoodentypes^ RobbedbyabrotherofJohanGutenberg - JacobKoning
awardedaprizeforhisessayontheinvention - Makesre- searchesinHaarlemarchives - Corroboratessomedetailsin precedingstories - FormanyyearsCostergivenecjualhonor withGutenberg - InvestigationsbyDr.AntonVander Linde - Forgeriesandmisrepresentationsrevealed - Haar- lempracticallysurrendersitsclaimandaltersitsschool books - RecordsofLouwerijsJanszoonandLaurens JanszoonCoster - VanderLindegoestoGermany,altershis nameandwritesabook - Hesselstranslatesthebookinto English,andafterwardbecomesaHaarlemadvocate
Costerproofsareweak - Haarlemclaimantsunableto
agreeastoCoster'sidentity - Gutenbergatangiblehuman being,andprobableinventoroftheart - Parentageof Gutenberg - ThefamilyremovesfromMainzpresumably
toStrassburg^WasthenewartpracticedatStrassburg? VIIISYNOPSISOFCONTENTS
Recordsofalawsuit - GutenbergagreedtoteachAndrew
Dritzehencertaintradesecrets - Fustlendsmoneyto
Gutenbergandtakesamortgageonhisprintingoffice
Fustseizesalltypes,pressesandbooks - Recordsofthis suitevidenceofGutenberg'sinvention - ThefamousForty- twoLineBible - Gutenbergagainestablisheshimselfasa printer - AnappointmentfromtheBishopofMainz - Dies about1468 - H.NoelHumphrey'stribute - PeterSchoeffer - CopiesbooksattheUniversityofParis - BecomesGuten-
berg'sassistant - Assumeschargeafterhismaster'sdeath MarriesFust'sdaughter - ThenewfirmpublishesaPsalter - Firstbookwithaprinteddate - Featuresofthebook. THESPREADOFTYPOGRAPHY
PageIS
ThecityofMainz - Aconflictbetweentwoarchbishops
Thecityissetafire - FustandSchceffer'sprintingoffice burned - TheworkmenfleetovariouspartsofEurope AtableofthespreadoftypographyfromMainz - InGer-
many - JohnMentelatStrassburg - AlbrechtPfisterat Bamberg - UlrichZellatCologneneverprintedabookin
theGermanlanguage - ArnoldTerHoornefirsttouse Arabicnumerals - GuntherZaineratAugsburgfirstin
GermanytoprintwithRomancharacters - HeinrichKefi'er atNuremberg - JohnSensenschmidtatNurembergand Bamberg - TheBambergMissal - AnthonyKoburgerat
Nuremberghadtwenty-fourpressesinoperation - InItaly FirsttypeprintingdoneinthemonasteryatSubiaco -
ConradSchweinheimandArnoldPannartzbroughtfrom
Germany - UlrichHahnfirstprinterincityofRomeproper - JohndeSpirafirsttypographeratVeniceandhadex- clusiveright - NicholasJensoncomestoVeniceandusesa newRomantype-face - Storyofhisintroductiontotheart Thefirstpageofdisplayedtypecomposition - J,UandW
notinbooksprintedbyJenson - HisofficepassestoAldus Manutius - Italicintroduced - Aldusreducesthesizeof booksandsuggeststheprintingofapolyglotBible - Works ofPeterPaulPorrusandAugustinJustinian - Aldusas- sistedbyscholar-refugeesfromConstantinople - Hiscom- pletename - Venetianprintingofficesandtheirproduct BernardoCenniniatFlorence - JohanNunieisteratFoligno - InSwitzerland - BertoldRuppelatBasel - Thiscity
gaveFranceitsfirsttypographers - JohnFrobenatBasel Erasmushashimprinthisbooks - InFrance - Ulrich
Gering,MartinCrantzandMichelFriburgeratParis
Geringbecomesrich - Sectionalwoodborderonbook
printedbyPhilipPigouchetforSimonVostre - Henry EstienneatParis - ^Firstofillustriousfamilyoftypographers - RobertEstiennebestknownandmostscholarly - Flees
toGeneva,Switzerland,forsafety - Diesthereafteralabor oflove - IntheNetherlands - ApresserectedatUtrecht ColardMansionandWilliamCaxtonatBrugesproduce
thefirstbookprintedinEnglish - VanderGoesatAntwerp - ChristopherPlantinatAntwerpgaverenowntothatcity - Hisprintingofficenowamuseum - ApolyglotBiblehis
greatestwork - LouisElzevir,founderofafamilyoflearned printers,atLeyden - ThesecondLouisElzeviratAmster- dam - JohannesAndriessonatHaarlem - InEngland WilliamCaxtonthefirsttosettypeinthatcountry - Ap-
prenticedtoamerchantandgoestoBruges - Becomes Governor - EnterstheserviceoftheDuchessofBurgundy
Translatesa"HistoricofTroye"andlearnshowtoprintit
ReturnstoEnglandandsetsupapressatWestminster
Abbey - PeculiaritiesofCaxton'swork - WynkendeWorde succeedstoCaxton'sbusiness - IntroducedtheRoman letterintoEngland - RichardPynsonatLondon - Richard GraftonasaprinterofEnglishBiblestranslatedbyWilliam TyndaleandMilesCoverdale - Tyndalesuffersdeath
Graftonimprisonedforprintingthe"GreatBible" - Ed-
wardWhitechurchhispartner - JohnDayealsoimprisoned - Fox's"ActsandMonuments" - InScotland - Andrew MyllarandWalterChepmanatEdinburgh - InIreland
HumphreyPowellatDublin - InNorthAmerica - John
CrombergeratMexicoCity - IntheUnitedStates
StephenDayeatCambridge,Mass.
TYPOGRAPHYINCOLONIALDAYS
Page1!)
Martyrsintypographichistory - Ecclesiasticalandpoliti- calconditionsinEuropefromthesixteenthtoeighteenth centuries - Abookoftreatiesontheintendedmarriageof QueenElizabeth - OliverCromwellencouragesprinting
andliterature - ^FirsteditionofMilton's"ParadiseLost" ThomasRoycroftprintsBrianWalton'sPolyglotBible
ThefirstbookpublishedinEnglandbysubscription - Paper fortheworkallowedtocomeindutyfree - CardinalMazarin discoversacopyofGutenberg'sForty-twoLineBible (^hap-booksandsomethingaboutthem - Poorrepresenta- tivesoftheartoftypography - Woodcutsandtypebat- teredandworn - Peddledbychapmen - Diceybooks Broadsides - PuritanslandatCharlestownandbeginto
settleCambridgeandBoston - Rev.JesseGloversolicits moneyforpressandtypes - ContractswithStephenDaye tocometonewcountry - Rev.Gloverdies - Dayereaches Cambridgewithoutfit - Beginsprintingin1639 - Thefirst work - Thefirstbook - Poorlyprinted - PresidentDunster ofHarvardCollegeappointsSamuelGreentosucceedDaye - Anotherpressandtypesadded - Aninventory - The printingofficediscontinued - Printinginthecoloniesof MassachusettsandVirginia - PennsylvaniasecondEnglish colonytohavetypography - WilliamBradfordprintsan almanac - BradfordarrestedinPhiladelphiaforprintingan address - Typepagesasevidence - "Pied"byajuryman BradfordgoestoNewYork - Firstprintshopthere
Officialprinter - PublishesthefirstNewYorknewspaper BenjaminFranklin - IndenturedtohisbrotherJames - The NewEngland"Courant" - Jamesisimprisoned - Benjamin becomesthepublisher - Thebrothersdisagree - Benjamin shipstoNewYork - MeetsWilliamBradfordandgoesto Philadelphia - SecuresemploymentwithSamuelKeimer
LeavesforEnglandtobuyprintingequipment - Goesto
workinLondon - ReturnstoPhiladelphiaandstartsa printingoffice - Oneofthefirstjobs - Publishes"Poor Richard'sAlmanack" - Proverbswidelyquoted - Sellshis shoptoDavidHall - QuaintnessofColonialtypography Commentsonreproductions - PagefromaCaslonspecimen
bookof1764. SYNOPSISOFCONTENTSIX
TYPOGRAPHYINTHE19thCENTURY
Page27
WilliamMorris"declaration - Thefirstprintedbooka
testimonytogenius - Thefirstcylinderpressandfirstlino- typewerecrudelyconstructed - Typographyatitshighest point - ItalianandGermanstylescontrasted - Thesestyles blendedintotheColonial - Franklinasatypographercom- paredtoAldusandPlantin - Beginningofthenineteenth century - Utilityandart - WilliamNicholsonplansacylin- derpress - Dr.Kinsleyconstructsamodel - Anewronian type-facedesigned - Ornamentsandbordersdiscarded Styleoftypographybecominguninteresting - Transitionil- lustratedbyfourtitle-pages - CharlesWhittinghamand WilliamPickering - Artisticqualitiesintroduced - Punches ofCaslonold-stylerecovered - ^ApageinColonialstyle Punctuationmarksomitted - Fiftyyearsaheadoftheir
time - Jobprintingofmoderndevelopment - Newspaper, bookandjobwork - Typographyshouldbebaseduponart foundations - ABookofCommonPrayer - Title-pages withoutornamentation - Jobprinterstaketofancytypog- raphv - Imitationsofcopperplateengravers'work - Abusi- nesscardandabilloffare - Changingstylesappliedtocom- mercialheadings - MacKellar,Smiths&Jordan - Acard withapologies - Alongingforpictures,coloranddecoration - Brassruleandtintblocks - Remarkableskillexhibited
The'"ModernRenaissance" - Machineryledtypography
awayfromart - Printersthoughttheyweredoingartistic work - InspirationwTonglyinterpreted - Formingofa curiouschainofevents - TheKelmscottPress - William Morris,artist,poet,designerandcraftsman - Franklinand theFranklinstove - MorrisandtheMorrischair - Thein- fluenceofMorrisonhousefurnishingandtypography Hishome - Learnedtoprintandtomakepaper - Designs
tvpe-faces - "Golden" - "Troy" - Drawsdecorativeinitials andborders - AdditionaldesignsbyBurne-Jones - Morris criticised - Revolutionizestypography - AubreyBeardsley WillBradley - Acountryprinter - StudiesartinChicago The"WaysidePress" - "Bradley:HisBook" - Inspired
bybothpastandpresent - Anewtypography - Combines withtheUniversityPress - Becomesaninterestingsubject fordiscussion - AnopinionbyGeorgeFrench - Attempts anothernewstyleoftypography - Profuseornamentation Worksrapidly - Bradleyandhisclients - Hispersonality InfluenceupontheAmericanstyleoftypography - Other
influences - TheodoreL.DeVinne - Hasacollegedegree- Apprenticeinacountryprintshop - Jobcompositorwith
FrancisHart - Takeschargeofthebusiness - Awriteron printingsubjects - Exponentoftheconservativeanddig- nifiedintypography - Shouldbenoconflictbetweenthe stylesofMorris,DeVinneandBradley - Fordifferentpur- poses - Thecompositormustdecide - DeVinnealeaderin perfectingmodernmethods - Designsatypc-face - Per- suadesprinterstogroupwording - CharlesT.Jacobi - HasdonemuchfortypographyinEngland - Responsibilities ofthemodemtypographer - Underratingthevalueofhis- tory- - Allknowledgeisvaluable. [ThechaptersfoUoyoingaredevoted tothecontiderationoftypography a»practicedinthetwentiethcentury.] PARTTWO
THE 'MAN"LAYOUT" Page35
Typographyinthetwentiethcentury - Artisticprinting abundant - -Thecommercialartistdeservescredit - The necessityofcarefullypreparingajob - Everyprintshop shouldhavealayoutman - Whenabuildingiserected Qualityprintingisnotaccidental - Shopstyle - Layoutmen inlargeandsmallshops - Pleasethecustomer - Typog- raphyessentiallyabusinessvocation - Ordersobtained thru"dummies"submitted - Selectingalayoutman Typeequipmentshouldbeappropriateandsufficient -
A workingoutfitforthelayoutman - Portfolioofsample sheets - ^Layingoutasmallbooklet - Paper,margins,type pageandsizeoftype - Wordstoasquareinch - Arrange- mentoftitle-page - Specimenpagesinavailablebodytype L'seofcrayonandpencil - Dummysubmittedtocustomer
Duplicatingitintheworkrooms - Dummysheetsforperiod- icalsandlargecatalogs - Incorporatingillustrationsinthe textmatter - -Markingcopyformachinecomposition - The averagestationeryjob - Apatchworkoftypographicstyles Differentresultsifhandledbyalayoutman - Studyingcolor harmony - Determiningcolorcombinations - Thecolder colorshouldpredominate - Indicatingthefinishedresult- Proofsinthecolorsandonthestocktobeused - Blending
paperstock - Layingoutadvertisements. HARMONYANDAPPROPRIATENESS
PageU "Leit-motif" - Thecentralideaincomposition - Har- monyandappropriateness - Undervaluingthei^impor- tance - Whatisappropriate.' - Discriminatingjudgmentre- quired - Discreetselectionoftype,inkandpaper - Itmakes adifference - Astotype-faces - Astoinks - Astopapers Simplicitysynonymouswithgoodtypography - Theideal
printshop - Harmonioustype-faces,inkcolorsandpaper stock - Certainamountofcontrastdesirable - Allcapitals oralllower-case - Harmonyoftype-facesandbordersil- lustrated - Typographicsins - Intypographythereshould beamotive - "Isitappropriate?" - Anarchitecturalmotive - Inwhichstrengthisthemotive - Designsuggestedbyan
oldlock-plate - Typographicmotivefoundinwoodcut bordersandinitialsofearlyprinters - Amillinerybooklet cover - Apageseverelyplainandnon-sentimental - A programforachurchserviceappropriatetotheenviron- ment - Apageinkeepingwithafestivespirit - Typographers shouldgivesupporttoartists - TheColonialarchanda harmonioustitle-pag(^-Thebetterthetypographer,the morerestraint\ TONEANDCONTRAST
Page^7
Astoryofwhiteandblack - Acombinationpopularwith
writers,printersandreaders - Uniformityoftoneordepth ofcolor-Amixtureofirregulargrayandblacktonesin- excusable - Artprinciplestoooftenignored - Contrast necessary,butuniformityshouldnotbesacrificed - Art SYNOPSISOFCONTENTS
makesconcessiontoutility - Arightwayandawrongway Unjustblamingofthecustomer - AGermanexampleof
uniformtone - Practicaldemonstrationofuniformtone Fourornaments,uponwhichfourpagesareconstructed -
Contrast,fromtheviewpointsofartandutility - Lessening thecontrastbetweenprintandpaper - Acompromise - Im- pressingtheprintfirmlyonantiquepaper - Settingthe printdaintilyuponglossypaper - Lackofartisticfeelingre- sponsibleforunpleasantcontrasts - Greatcontrastis eccentricity - MarkTwainandcontrasts - Cover-pageshould bedarkerthantitle-page - Thetoneofamassedpage Controlledbyspacing - Duplicatingthetoneofapen-and- inkillustration - Aspottedblacktone - Equalizingthetone byusinglighterink - Spacedcapitalsandopen-lineillustra- tion - Aclassicinterpretationofuniformtone - Character- isticsandtonesuperblyblended - Initialandheadpiece shouldapproachthetoneofthetypepage - Uniformtone betweendisplaylineandborder - Catalogillustrations shouldstandoutinrelief - Outlinetype-facestoobtain graytoneonnewspaperpage - Letter-spacing. PROPORTION,BALANCEANDSPACING
Page53
Symmetryisnecessarytobeauty - Whathasarttodo
withprinting? - Twoviews - Thebookprinterandthejob printer - Pleasingthefeworbeingallthingstoallmen Printingasabusinessandasanart - Artisessentialto
printing - Studyofartarousesambition - Unfoldsanew world - Proportion - Bookpages - Thewidthandlength ofapage - Positionofthepage - Margins - Thejobprinter andproportion - Relationofshapeoftype-facetopage Condensedtypesfornarrowjiages - Extendedtypesforwide pages - Architectureasanexample - V^erticalandhorizontal lines - Therelationoflinestoproportion - Apagewith ornament,type-faceandpagedesigninproportion - Irregu- larityandwhenitmaybeintroduced - Atypelinelarge orsmallbycontrast - Thehappymedium - Balance,anim- portantsubject - Typelineshorizontallycentered - Safety fromblunders - Out-of-the-centerbalance - Thepointdf verticalbalanceabovecenter - Testingbalancetothelimit - -Diagonalarrangementsshowlackofimagination - Spa-
cing - Itsproperapportionment - Animportantfeaturewhen lettersaredesigned - ThecapitalIv - Emphasisbymeansof spacing - Theeffectofseparatelines - Shouldbeaneven pagetone - Distributingdisplaylinesovertheentirepage Groupingthematthepointofbalance - Spacedwordsin
narrowmeasures - Agoodsignwhenonerecognizesim- perfections. ORNAMENTATION
Page59
Thehumanracehasalikingforornamentation - Natural
andartificialbeauty - Naturefurnishesmotivesforman's work - Theaveragemangivingthoughttoart - Beautiful thingsallabout - Privilegesofmuseumsandartgalleries availabletoprinters - Takelessthoughtoffoodandrai- mentandthesethingsshallbeadded - Isornamentationquotesdbs_dbs10.pdfusesText_16
DarkAges - I^tininwrittenbookskeptknowledgealive
Meaningof"manuscript" - Writingmaterials - Arrow-
shapedwritingoftheChaldeans - Papyrusrollsoftiic Egyptians - Ink,paperandblock-printingsupposedlyin- ventedbytheChinese - Dressedskinsandpalmleavesused byHindoos - TheHebrewswroteuponstonesandanimal skins - WeowethepresentRomanalphabettothePhoe- nicians - Theword"alphabet"derivedfromthefirsttwo lettersoftheGreekalphabet.AlphaandBeta - Thebards ofGreece - Manuscriptswrittenbyslaves - Papyrusim- portedfromEgypt - Developmentofparchment,andwhat itis - ThegreatAlexandrianlibrary - lengthofrolls - Story of"Septuagint" - DestructionoftheAlexandrianlibraryRomesupersedesAlexandriaasanintellectualcenter
Caesarcreditedasthefounderofthefirstnewspaper
"Short-hand"writing - The{)eriodofEmperorAugustusa memorableoneinliterature - Producinglargeeditionsof manuscriptrolls - Bookswereplentifulandcheap - Elab- orateparchmentrolls - Originofflat-sheetbooks - Hingedwaxedtablets - DestructionofthelibraryatConstantinople - DriftofliteraturetowardtheEast - Transcribingand
decoratingholywritingsinthemonasteriesofEuropeMonopolyoflearninggavepowertoChurchofRome
SincetheseventhcenturymonasterymanuscriptsinLatin, theofficiallanguageofthatchurch - TranslationofBible into"Vulgartongue"forbidden - ^WilliamTyndale'sEnglish translation - MartinLuther'sGermantranslation - Making ofmanuscriptbooksintheMiddleAges - St.Benedictsets themonkstoworkcopyingmanitscripts - Popularityof cloisters - Thescriptoriumandtherulesgoverningscribeor copyist - Toolsandmaterials - Rubrics - Illuminating - The copyistatwork - AbeautifulIrishbook - Illuminators' colorsandbindingofmanuscriptbooks - Missal,Psalter, BookofHours - Donatus,booksassociatedwiththeMiddleAges - FirsttypeswereimitationsofcurrentGothiclettering - TypescutinstyleofRomanlettering - AncientRoman
writingallcapitals - EvolutionofRomancapitalsintosmall orlower-caseletters - Theuncialandhalf-uncial - Minus- culeandmajuscule - Developmentofwritingtowardboth heavypointedGothicandtheRomanstyleusedbyNicholasJensen - Cursive,a"script"letter.
THEORIGINOFTYPOGRAPHY
Page7Theinventionoftypographymarkedthebeginningofa
newcivilization - ThebeginningandendoftheMiddleAges - Printingwithseparatemetaltypesanevolution
Demandforplayingcardsandsacredpictures - Engraved
woodblocks - Blockbooks,andmethodofprintingthem - Coloringcardsandpicturesbymeansofstencils - Theoldest datedspecimenofprinting - ThefirstblockbooksprobablyLatingrammars - The"ArtofDying,"the"Bibleofthe
Poor,"andthe"MirrorofHumanSalvation" - When,where
andbywhomwastypographyinvented.* - Theinventor failedtoprinthisnameonhisproduct - Almostevery Europeancountryclaimedthehonor - Allclaimsdisproved exceptingthoseofGermanyandHolland - Weightofevi- denceiswithGermany - Typographywaspracticedby GutenbergatMainzsometimeduring1450-1455 - Claimsof priorityforCosterofHaarlem - Storyoftheinventionby UlrichZelltheearliesttestimonyonthesubject - Dierick Coornhert'sversion - Theunfaithfulservant - Dignifiedgray headspointoutthehouseof"thefirstprinter" - HadrianJuniusandhis"CosterLegend" - Fashioningthebarkofa
beechtreeintheformofletters - Changingtheletterstolead andthentotin - Oldwineflagonsmeltedintotype - Awork- man,JohnFaust,stealsthetype-makinginstruments Cornells,anoldbookbinder - Thestorydissected - Peter Scriveriushasanotherversion - Aclapofthunder - ^Con- fusionofdates - AstatueerectedtoCosterinHaarlem "Trueandrationalaccount"byoneLeiz - GerardMeer- man'sstory - Thesheriffwhoprintedwithwoodentypes^RobbedbyabrotherofJohanGutenberg - JacobKoning
awardedaprizeforhisessayontheinvention - Makesre- searchesinHaarlemarchives - Corroboratessomedetailsin precedingstories - FormanyyearsCostergivenecjualhonor withGutenberg - InvestigationsbyDr.AntonVander Linde - Forgeriesandmisrepresentationsrevealed - Haar- lempracticallysurrendersitsclaimandaltersitsschool books - RecordsofLouwerijsJanszoonandLaurens JanszoonCoster - VanderLindegoestoGermany,altershis nameandwritesabook - HesselstranslatesthebookintoEnglish,andafterwardbecomesaHaarlemadvocate
Costerproofsareweak - Haarlemclaimantsunableto
agreeastoCoster'sidentity - Gutenbergatangiblehuman being,andprobableinventoroftheart - ParentageofGutenberg - ThefamilyremovesfromMainzpresumably
toStrassburg^WasthenewartpracticedatStrassburg?VIIISYNOPSISOFCONTENTS
Recordsofalawsuit - GutenbergagreedtoteachAndrew
Dritzehencertaintradesecrets - Fustlendsmoneyto
Gutenbergandtakesamortgageonhisprintingoffice
Fustseizesalltypes,pressesandbooks - Recordsofthis suitevidenceofGutenberg'sinvention - ThefamousForty- twoLineBible - Gutenbergagainestablisheshimselfasa printer - AnappointmentfromtheBishopofMainz - Diesabout1468 - H.NoelHumphrey'stribute - PeterSchoeffer - CopiesbooksattheUniversityofParis - BecomesGuten-
berg'sassistant - Assumeschargeafterhismaster'sdeath MarriesFust'sdaughter - ThenewfirmpublishesaPsalter - Firstbookwithaprinteddate - Featuresofthebook.THESPREADOFTYPOGRAPHY
PageIS
ThecityofMainz - Aconflictbetweentwoarchbishops
Thecityissetafire - FustandSchceffer'sprintingoffice burned - TheworkmenfleetovariouspartsofEuropeAtableofthespreadoftypographyfromMainz - InGer-
many - JohnMentelatStrassburg - AlbrechtPfisteratBamberg - UlrichZellatCologneneverprintedabookin
theGermanlanguage - ArnoldTerHoornefirsttouseArabicnumerals - GuntherZaineratAugsburgfirstin
GermanytoprintwithRomancharacters - HeinrichKefi'er atNuremberg - JohnSensenschmidtatNurembergandBamberg - TheBambergMissal - AnthonyKoburgerat
Nuremberghadtwenty-fourpressesinoperation - InItalyFirsttypeprintingdoneinthemonasteryatSubiaco -
ConradSchweinheimandArnoldPannartzbroughtfrom
Germany - UlrichHahnfirstprinterincityofRomeproper - JohndeSpirafirsttypographeratVeniceandhadex- clusiveright - NicholasJensoncomestoVeniceandusesa newRomantype-face - StoryofhisintroductiontotheartThefirstpageofdisplayedtypecomposition - J,UandW
notinbooksprintedbyJenson - HisofficepassestoAldus Manutius - Italicintroduced - Aldusreducesthesizeof booksandsuggeststheprintingofapolyglotBible - Works ofPeterPaulPorrusandAugustinJustinian - Aldusas- sistedbyscholar-refugeesfromConstantinople - Hiscom- pletename - VenetianprintingofficesandtheirproductBernardoCenniniatFlorence - JohanNunieisteratFoligno - InSwitzerland - BertoldRuppelatBasel - Thiscity
gaveFranceitsfirsttypographers - JohnFrobenatBaselErasmushashimprinthisbooks - InFrance - Ulrich
Gering,MartinCrantzandMichelFriburgeratParis
Geringbecomesrich - Sectionalwoodborderonbook
printedbyPhilipPigouchetforSimonVostre - HenryEstienneatParis - ^Firstofillustriousfamilyoftypographers - RobertEstiennebestknownandmostscholarly - Flees
toGeneva,Switzerland,forsafety - Diesthereafteralabor oflove - IntheNetherlands - ApresserectedatUtrechtColardMansionandWilliamCaxtonatBrugesproduce
thefirstbookprintedinEnglish - VanderGoesatAntwerp - ChristopherPlantinatAntwerpgaverenowntothatcity - Hisprintingofficenowamuseum - ApolyglotBiblehis
greatestwork - LouisElzevir,founderofafamilyoflearned printers,atLeyden - ThesecondLouisElzeviratAmster- dam - JohannesAndriessonatHaarlem - InEnglandWilliamCaxtonthefirsttosettypeinthatcountry - Ap-
prenticedtoamerchantandgoestoBruges - BecomesGovernor - EnterstheserviceoftheDuchessofBurgundy
Translatesa"HistoricofTroye"andlearnshowtoprintit
ReturnstoEnglandandsetsupapressatWestminster
Abbey - PeculiaritiesofCaxton'swork - WynkendeWorde succeedstoCaxton'sbusiness - IntroducedtheRoman letterintoEngland - RichardPynsonatLondon - Richard GraftonasaprinterofEnglishBiblestranslatedbyWilliamTyndaleandMilesCoverdale - Tyndalesuffersdeath
Graftonimprisonedforprintingthe"GreatBible" - Ed-
wardWhitechurchhispartner - JohnDayealsoimprisoned - Fox's"ActsandMonuments" - InScotland - AndrewMyllarandWalterChepmanatEdinburgh - InIreland
HumphreyPowellatDublin - InNorthAmerica - John
CrombergeratMexicoCity - IntheUnitedStates
StephenDayeatCambridge,Mass.
TYPOGRAPHYINCOLONIALDAYS
Page1!)
Martyrsintypographichistory - Ecclesiasticalandpoliti- calconditionsinEuropefromthesixteenthtoeighteenth centuries - AbookoftreatiesontheintendedmarriageofQueenElizabeth - OliverCromwellencouragesprinting
andliterature - ^FirsteditionofMilton's"ParadiseLost"ThomasRoycroftprintsBrianWalton'sPolyglotBible
ThefirstbookpublishedinEnglandbysubscription - Paper fortheworkallowedtocomeindutyfree - CardinalMazarin discoversacopyofGutenberg'sForty-twoLineBible (^hap-booksandsomethingaboutthem - Poorrepresenta- tivesoftheartoftypography - Woodcutsandtypebat- teredandworn - Peddledbychapmen - DiceybooksBroadsides - PuritanslandatCharlestownandbeginto
settleCambridgeandBoston - Rev.JesseGloversolicits moneyforpressandtypes - ContractswithStephenDaye tocometonewcountry - Rev.Gloverdies - Dayereaches Cambridgewithoutfit - Beginsprintingin1639 - Thefirst work - Thefirstbook - Poorlyprinted - PresidentDunster ofHarvardCollegeappointsSamuelGreentosucceedDaye - Anotherpressandtypesadded - Aninventory - The printingofficediscontinued - Printinginthecoloniesof MassachusettsandVirginia - PennsylvaniasecondEnglish colonytohavetypography - WilliamBradfordprintsan almanac - BradfordarrestedinPhiladelphiaforprintingan address - Typepagesasevidence - "Pied"byajurymanBradfordgoestoNewYork - Firstprintshopthere
Officialprinter - PublishesthefirstNewYorknewspaper BenjaminFranklin - IndenturedtohisbrotherJames - The NewEngland"Courant" - Jamesisimprisoned - Benjamin becomesthepublisher - Thebrothersdisagree - Benjamin shipstoNewYork - MeetsWilliamBradfordandgoestoPhiladelphia - SecuresemploymentwithSamuelKeimer
LeavesforEnglandtobuyprintingequipment - Goesto
workinLondon - ReturnstoPhiladelphiaandstartsa printingoffice - Oneofthefirstjobs - Publishes"Poor Richard'sAlmanack" - Proverbswidelyquoted - Sellshis shoptoDavidHall - QuaintnessofColonialtypographyCommentsonreproductions - PagefromaCaslonspecimen
bookof1764.SYNOPSISOFCONTENTSIX
TYPOGRAPHYINTHE19thCENTURY
Page27
WilliamMorris"declaration - Thefirstprintedbooka
testimonytogenius - Thefirstcylinderpressandfirstlino- typewerecrudelyconstructed - Typographyatitshighest point - ItalianandGermanstylescontrasted - Thesestyles blendedintotheColonial - Franklinasatypographercom- paredtoAldusandPlantin - Beginningofthenineteenth century - Utilityandart - WilliamNicholsonplansacylin- derpress - Dr.Kinsleyconstructsamodel - Anewronian type-facedesigned - Ornamentsandbordersdiscarded Styleoftypographybecominguninteresting - Transitionil- lustratedbyfourtitle-pages - CharlesWhittinghamand WilliamPickering - Artisticqualitiesintroduced - Punches ofCaslonold-stylerecovered - ^ApageinColonialstylePunctuationmarksomitted - Fiftyyearsaheadoftheir
time - Jobprintingofmoderndevelopment - Newspaper, bookandjobwork - Typographyshouldbebaseduponart foundations - ABookofCommonPrayer - Title-pages withoutornamentation - Jobprinterstaketofancytypog- raphv - Imitationsofcopperplateengravers'work - Abusi- nesscardandabilloffare - Changingstylesappliedtocom- mercialheadings - MacKellar,Smiths&Jordan - Acardwithapologies - Alongingforpictures,coloranddecoration - Brassruleandtintblocks - Remarkableskillexhibited
The'"ModernRenaissance" - Machineryledtypography
awayfromart - Printersthoughttheyweredoingartistic work - InspirationwTonglyinterpreted - Formingofa curiouschainofevents - TheKelmscottPress - William Morris,artist,poet,designerandcraftsman - Franklinand theFranklinstove - MorrisandtheMorrischair - Thein- fluenceofMorrisonhousefurnishingandtypographyHishome - Learnedtoprintandtomakepaper - Designs
tvpe-faces - "Golden" - "Troy" - Drawsdecorativeinitials andborders - AdditionaldesignsbyBurne-Jones - Morris criticised - Revolutionizestypography - AubreyBeardsley WillBradley - Acountryprinter - StudiesartinChicagoThe"WaysidePress" - "Bradley:HisBook" - Inspired
bybothpastandpresent - Anewtypography - Combines withtheUniversityPress - Becomesaninterestingsubject fordiscussion - AnopinionbyGeorgeFrench - Attempts anothernewstyleoftypography - Profuseornamentation Worksrapidly - Bradleyandhisclients - HispersonalityInfluenceupontheAmericanstyleoftypography - Other
influences - TheodoreL.DeVinne - Hasacollegedegree-Apprenticeinacountryprintshop - Jobcompositorwith
FrancisHart - Takeschargeofthebusiness - Awriteron printingsubjects - Exponentoftheconservativeanddig- nifiedintypography - Shouldbenoconflictbetweenthe stylesofMorris,DeVinneandBradley - Fordifferentpur- poses - Thecompositormustdecide - DeVinnealeaderin perfectingmodernmethods - Designsatypc-face - Per- suadesprinterstogroupwording - CharlesT.Jacobi - HasdonemuchfortypographyinEngland - Responsibilities ofthemodemtypographer - Underratingthevalueofhis- tory- - Allknowledgeisvaluable. [ThechaptersfoUoyoingaredevoted tothecontiderationoftypography a»practicedinthetwentiethcentury.]PARTTWO
THE 'MAN"LAYOUT"Page35
Typographyinthetwentiethcentury - Artisticprinting abundant - -Thecommercialartistdeservescredit - The necessityofcarefullypreparingajob - Everyprintshop shouldhavealayoutman - Whenabuildingiserected Qualityprintingisnotaccidental - Shopstyle - Layoutmen inlargeandsmallshops - Pleasethecustomer - Typog- raphyessentiallyabusinessvocation - Ordersobtained thru"dummies"submitted - SelectingalayoutmanTypeequipmentshouldbeappropriateandsufficient -
A workingoutfitforthelayoutman - Portfolioofsample sheets - ^Layingoutasmallbooklet - Paper,margins,type pageandsizeoftype - Wordstoasquareinch - Arrange- mentoftitle-page - SpecimenpagesinavailablebodytypeL'seofcrayonandpencil - Dummysubmittedtocustomer
Duplicatingitintheworkrooms - Dummysheetsforperiod- icalsandlargecatalogs - Incorporatingillustrationsinthe textmatter - -Markingcopyformachinecomposition - The averagestationeryjob - Apatchworkoftypographicstyles Differentresultsifhandledbyalayoutman - Studyingcolor harmony - Determiningcolorcombinations - Thecolder colorshouldpredominate - Indicatingthefinishedresult-Proofsinthecolorsandonthestocktobeused - Blending
paperstock - Layingoutadvertisements.HARMONYANDAPPROPRIATENESS
PageU "Leit-motif" - Thecentralideaincomposition - Har- monyandappropriateness - Undervaluingthei^impor- tance - Whatisappropriate.' - Discriminatingjudgmentre- quired - Discreetselectionoftype,inkandpaper - Itmakes adifference - Astotype-faces - Astoinks - AstopapersSimplicitysynonymouswithgoodtypography - Theideal
printshop - Harmonioustype-faces,inkcolorsandpaper stock - Certainamountofcontrastdesirable - Allcapitals oralllower-case - Harmonyoftype-facesandbordersil- lustrated - Typographicsins - Intypographythereshouldbeamotive - "Isitappropriate?" - Anarchitecturalmotive - Inwhichstrengthisthemotive - Designsuggestedbyan
oldlock-plate - Typographicmotivefoundinwoodcut bordersandinitialsofearlyprinters - Amillinerybooklet cover - Apageseverelyplainandnon-sentimental - A programforachurchserviceappropriatetotheenviron- ment - Apageinkeepingwithafestivespirit - Typographers shouldgivesupporttoartists - TheColonialarchanda harmonioustitle-pag(^-Thebetterthetypographer,the morerestraint\TONEANDCONTRAST
Page^7
Astoryofwhiteandblack - Acombinationpopularwith
writers,printersandreaders - Uniformityoftoneordepth ofcolor-Amixtureofirregulargrayandblacktonesin- excusable - Artprinciplestoooftenignored - Contrast necessary,butuniformityshouldnotbesacrificed - ArtSYNOPSISOFCONTENTS
makesconcessiontoutility - ArightwayandawrongwayUnjustblamingofthecustomer - AGermanexampleof
uniformtone - PracticaldemonstrationofuniformtoneFourornaments,uponwhichfourpagesareconstructed -
Contrast,fromtheviewpointsofartandutility - Lessening thecontrastbetweenprintandpaper - Acompromise - Im- pressingtheprintfirmlyonantiquepaper - Settingthe printdaintilyuponglossypaper - Lackofartisticfeelingre- sponsibleforunpleasantcontrasts - Greatcontrastis eccentricity - MarkTwainandcontrasts - Cover-pageshould bedarkerthantitle-page - Thetoneofamassedpage Controlledbyspacing - Duplicatingthetoneofapen-and- inkillustration - Aspottedblacktone - Equalizingthetone byusinglighterink - Spacedcapitalsandopen-lineillustra- tion - Aclassicinterpretationofuniformtone - Character- isticsandtonesuperblyblended - Initialandheadpiece shouldapproachthetoneofthetypepage - Uniformtone betweendisplaylineandborder - Catalogillustrations shouldstandoutinrelief - Outlinetype-facestoobtain graytoneonnewspaperpage - Letter-spacing.PROPORTION,BALANCEANDSPACING
Page53
Symmetryisnecessarytobeauty - Whathasarttodo
withprinting? - Twoviews - Thebookprinterandthejob printer - PleasingthefeworbeingallthingstoallmenPrintingasabusinessandasanart - Artisessentialto
printing - Studyofartarousesambition - Unfoldsanew world - Proportion - Bookpages - Thewidthandlength ofapage - Positionofthepage - Margins - Thejobprinter andproportion - Relationofshapeoftype-facetopage Condensedtypesfornarrowjiages - Extendedtypesforwide pages - Architectureasanexample - V^erticalandhorizontal lines - Therelationoflinestoproportion - Apagewith ornament,type-faceandpagedesigninproportion - Irregu- larityandwhenitmaybeintroduced - Atypelinelarge orsmallbycontrast - Thehappymedium - Balance,anim- portantsubject - Typelineshorizontallycentered - Safety fromblunders - Out-of-the-centerbalance - Thepointdfverticalbalanceabovecenter - Testingbalancetothelimit - -Diagonalarrangementsshowlackofimagination - Spa-
cing - Itsproperapportionment - Animportantfeaturewhen lettersaredesigned - ThecapitalIv - Emphasisbymeansof spacing - Theeffectofseparatelines - Shouldbeaneven pagetone - DistributingdisplaylinesovertheentirepageGroupingthematthepointofbalance - Spacedwordsin
narrowmeasures - Agoodsignwhenonerecognizesim- perfections.ORNAMENTATION
Page59
Thehumanracehasalikingforornamentation - Natural
andartificialbeauty - Naturefurnishesmotivesforman's work - Theaveragemangivingthoughttoart - Beautiful thingsallabout - Privilegesofmuseumsandartgalleries availabletoprinters - Takelessthoughtoffoodandrai- mentandthesethingsshallbeadded - Isornamentationquotesdbs_dbs10.pdfusesText_16[PDF] typography notes
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