[PDF] Unit 7 Conditional Sentences (Type 0-3)

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Unit 7 Conditional Sentences (Type 0-3)

Usage When we want to describe a situation that depends on something else, we can use a conditional. A conditional has two parts - an if-clause and a main clause. We talk about the situation or action in the if-clause and the result in the main clause. фIf you finish your homework,х ΀you can go out and play.΁

фif-clauseх ΀main clause΁

The if-clause can come before the main clause or after it. When we put the if-clause before the main clause, we use a comma to separate the clauses. If I eat too much, I feel sleepy. I feel sleepy if I eat too much.

Zero conditional ͬ Conditional Type 0

- Usage

We use Type 0 conditional to talk about

1. general truths

If we eat contaminated food, we become ill.

If we don't feel well, we see a doctor.

2. scientific facts

If we heat water to 100ΣC, it boils.

3. imperatiǀes

If you don't feel well, see a doctor.

- Form if-clause main clause (result clause) present simple present simple e.g. If you don't water plants, they die.

NotesΎΎ

We can also use when instead of if in Type 0 conditionals, particularly when we talk about things that are generally true or habitually happen. When there is a typhoon, most people stay at home.

Sam's face turns red when he gets ǀery angry.

Wheneǀer there is a typhoon, most people stay at home. 47

First conditional ͬ Conditional Type 1

- Usage We use Type 1 conditional to talk about things which may happen now or in the future. If it rains tomorrow morning, we will cancel the picnic. If you are hungry now, I will make you some pancakes. - Form if-clause main clause (result clause) present simple will н bare infinitiǀe e.g. If you want to read the book, I will lend it to you.

NotesΎΎ

— We use canͬmay in the main clause instead of will for permission.

If you need me, you can call me.

You may go if there is no other business to announce or discuss. — We use mayͬmightͬcould for possibility. If the No.3 typhoon signal is hoisted tomorrow morning, the ferry serǀices mayͬmightͬcould be suspended.

— We use canͬcould for ability.

If you work harder, you canͬcould get leǀel 4 or 5 in English. — We can use the present perfect or present continuous in the if-clause.

If it has stopped raining, we can go out now.

If you are haǀing meal now, I'll call you again later. — We can use should in the if-clause if we are less sure about a possibility. I don't think Cheryl is going to the party this eǀening, but if I should see her, I'll giǀe her a message. When we use should, we can omit if and begin the clause with should. Should I see her at the party, I'll giǀe her your message. 48
If you would wait a minute, I'll haǀe the present wrapped for you. (с if you wouldn't mind waitingͬif you could wait) — We use present simple tense in the if-clause when talking about the future. If you go to the book fair tomorrow, you may see the noǀelist.

She will be there promoting her new book.

Edžercise 1

Fill in each blank with the correct form of the ǀerb in brackets.

1. If you talk loudly, you ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (wake up) the baby.

2. She ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (feel) unhappy if she does not get 90 in a test.

3. If plants get enough water and sunshine, they ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (grow) well.

4. You ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (win) the competition if you practise more.

5. If you do not listen to him, he ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (be) ǀery angry.

6. Things ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (catch) fire more easily if the weather is dry.

8. If you go to a traǀel agent, you ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (find) all the information you need.

9. If you haǀe a feǀer, you ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (stay) in bed.

10. Ask him to wait if he ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (arriǀe) before I return.

11. I ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (go) for a walk after lunch if the weather is good.

12. I don't think that I am coming to the party, but if I change my mind, I ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ

(tell) you.

13. If we put the water into the freezer, it ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (turn) into ice.

14. If he ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (haǀe) a long holiday, he will fly to Paris.

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Second conditional ͬ Conditional Type 2

- Usage We use Type 2 conditional to talk about something which is not true or not real now or in the future (imaginary situations). If I had a car, I would take you for a ride around the city. (с I don't haǀe a car)

If he knew, we would ask him.

(с he doesn't know) - Form if-clause main clause (result clause) past simple would н bare infinitiǀe e.g. If I had time, I would help you. (с I'm busy so I can't help you at the moment)

NotesΎΎ

— We can use the past continuous tense in the if-clause. (Situation͗ My uncle and aunt are taking me to Ocean Park tomorrow.) If I were not going with them, I would be glad to go with you. — We can use would н be н -ing for what could haǀe happened. If he were here now, we would be playing TV games. (с he's not here) — We always use were in the if-clause in formal writing and speech. If the weather were fine today, we'd go to the beach. In less formal contedžts, we can use was with I, he, she, it, etc.

If I wasn't so tired, I'd go out with you.

We often use if I were you to giǀe adǀice, and if you were me to ask for adǀice.

If I were you, I'd think twice before I accept.

If you were me, would you accept the offer͍

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Third conditional ͬ Conditional Type 3

- Usage We use Type 3 conditional to talk about something which did not happen in the past. (Situation͗ The weather suddenly turned bad yesterday.) If we had gone out, we would haǀe been caught in the heaǀy rain. (с we did not go out so we were not caught in the heaǀy rain) The third conditional is often used to edžpress regret. If I had inǀested in the company when I had the opportunity,

I would haǀe made a lot of money.

(с I didn't inǀest in the company and I didn't make a lot of money) - Form if-clause main clause (result clause) past perfect (had н p.p.) would н haǀe н past participle e.g. If we had taken the earlier bus, we would not haǀe been delayed. (с we didn't take the earlier bus so we were delayed by that)

NotesΎΎ

— We can use the past perfect continuous in the if-clause. (Situation͗ The teacher was speaking too fast.) If the teacher had been speaking slowly, we would haǀe written down all the notes. — We can use mightͬcould н haǀe н past participle in the main clause. If you had come earlier, you might haǀe seen him. If I had been told the time schedule, I could haǀe stopped him from speaking. — We can omit if and put had at the beginning of the clause. This is a formal structure and is more common in writing.

Had the goǀernment taken the opinions in time,

such problems would not haǀe occurred. 51

Edžercise 2

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words giǀen. so much weight,' said Mike, laughing at his wife.

ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (notͬapologise),' Mike's wife replied.

on the bus.' Johnny said to May breathlessly when the bus left. ordinary man,' said the princess to the King.

5. If I ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (be) careful enough, I ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (notͬget) hurt

during the handball competition. I only took part in the first 15 minutes͊

6. If Jack ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (put) some warmer clothes on yesterday, he

ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (notͬcatch) a cold today.

7. If I ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (haǀe) children, I ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (educate) them

wholeheartedly with my loǀe.

8. Be careful͊ If you ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (touch) that dog, it ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ

(bite) you.

9. I don't know the details of their plan. If I ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (do), I

ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (tell) you.

10. Last night Aledž ruined his sweater when he washed it. If he ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (read)

the label, he ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (notͬwash) it in hot water.

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Other conditional edžpressions

otherwise You must rest. Otherwise, you'll be tired. asͬso long as, proǀidedͬproǀiding that, on condition that You can borrow my camera as long asͬso long asͬproǀidedͬproǀiding thatͬon condition that you look after it carefully. eǀen ifͬthough She won't tell us, eǀen ifͬthough she knows. andͬor (else) Take your medication and you'll be better tomorrow.

Hurry up orͬor else you'll be late.

(Let's) suppose, supposing, imagine, what if Let's supposeͬSupposing it rained tomorrow. What would we do͍ Imagine you had a lot of money. What would you do with it͍ What if she told you the truth͍ Would you forgiǀe her͍ if it were not, if it hadn't been forͬ had it not been for If it were not for your help, I would not haǀe done so well. If it hadn't been forͬHad it not been for her, I would not haǀe done so well. without Without your help, I would haǀe struggled. if so, if not Do you want to read this noǀel͍ If so (с if you do), you can haǀe it. If not (с if you don't), I'll lend it to Melinda.

Making a Wish

— We use wish to talk about͗

1. regret for a past situation ΀ wish , past perfect tense (had н p.p.) ΁

I wish I had worked harder.

I wish I had not argued with my parents.

2. imaginary situations in the present ΀wish , past tense ΁

I wish I were a billionaire.

I wish I knew eǀerything in edžam.

3. something that you want to happen in the future but you think it may not happen

΀ wish , would н bare infinitiǀe ΁

I wish my friend would call me soon.

I wish you would come with us to the party.

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Summary Table

Type Usage If-clause MainͬResult clause

Type 0 - Scientific facts

- General truths - Imperatiǀes - Habitual actions

Simple present tense

If you heat ice,

Simple present tense

it melts

Type 1 Possibly happen

now or in the future

Simple present tense

1. If I am late,

2. If you need me,

3. If you need help,

will can н bare infinitiǀe may

I will call you.

you can call me.

You may ask her.

Type 2 Imaginary

situations in the present or future, eǀents that are unlikely to happen

Simple past tense

If I were you,

would н bare infinitiǀe

I would join the

competition.

Type 3 - Imaginary

situations in the past - Edžpress regret

Past perfect tense

1. If my teacher hadn't

helped me,

2. If I had reǀised,

would н haǀe н p.p.

I wouldn't haǀe passed the

edžam.

I would haǀe passed the

edžam. 54

Edžercise 3

Complete the following sentences using the correct form of the ǀerbs in the bodž below. Use each ǀerb ONCE only. The first one has been done for you. 1. If

there is no rain, plants soon ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ.

would haǀe more friends.

3. Some animals ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ tricks if they are trained.

4. I'm glad you came. If you ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ here, I'd be playing the ǀideo

games.

5. If my brother weren't out of town, I ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ him to help me.

6. If it rains heaǀily, the riǀer ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ its banks.

7. The typhoon signal No.8 is up. If I were you, I ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ of going

anywhere but stay at home today.

8. If we don't start to work now, we ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ behind schedule.

9. Our teeth rot if we ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ them properly.

10. I wish I ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ the money more carefully yesterday͊

11. You ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ a lift if there is a fire.

12. If you hadn't reminded me, I ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ Amy's birthday.

13. If Ruby ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ flags today, she would be hiking with us.

14. That's great͊ If it weren't a public holiday, I ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ here on the

beach.

15. If I ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ in a traffic jam, I would haǀe been here on time.

notͬbe flood die notͬsell notͬcatch notͬthink haǀe notͬlie ask forget fall keep notͬclean notͬuse perform 55

Edžercise 4

Rewrite the following sentences using the words in brackets. The first one has been done for you.

1. If you don't study, you won't pass your edžaminations. (unless)

2. If you don't hurry up, you won't be able to cross the road before the traffic light turns

red. (or)

3. You can borrow my book if you return it by the weekend. (on the condition that)

4. It you don't train for the football match, you'll perform badly. (or else)

5. I'll go to the outdoor training if the weather is fine. (proǀided that)

7. If you go to bed early, you'll feel refreshed in the morning. (and)

8. You can't continuously work for sidž hours if you don't take a break. (without)

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