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1 EU ANNUAL REPORT ON HUMAN RIGHTS AND DEMOCRACY IN THE WORLD 201

9 COUNTRY UPDATES

Contents

Enlargement countries......................................................................................................................................5

Republic of

Albania

Bosnia and Herzegovina ....................................................................................................

..6

Republic of

North Macedonia ................................................................................................................8

Kosovo*1 .................................................................................................................................................10

Montenegro .................................................................................................

.12

Republic of

Serbia .................................................................................................................

.13

Republic of

Turkey ...............................................................................................................................14

EEA/EFTA Countries and non

-EU Western European Countries ........................................................17

Switzerl

and .........................................................................................................................

.................17

Norway ........................................................................................................

.................................18

Iceland .....................................................................................................................

............................20

Liechtenstein .......................................................................................................................................21

European Neighbourhood Policy ........................................................................................................22

Eastern Partnership regional cooperation....................................................................................................22

Armenia ...............................................................................................................................................23

Azerbaijan ............................................................................................................................................24

Belarus .............................................................................................

26

Georgia ...............................................................................................................

28

Republic of Moldova

..30

Ukraine .....................................................................................................................

......................32

Egypt .......................................................................................................................

...35 State of Israel ........................................................ 36

Jordan ......................................................................................................................

.............................38

Lebanon ................................................................................................................................................40

Libya ......................................................................................................................................................43

Syria .......................................................................................................................

...............................45

Palestinian Authority (occupied Palestinian

territory - oPt) ................................................................47

Kingdom of Morocco

Western Sahara .........

51

People's Democratic Republic of Algeria .....................................................................................

52

Republic of Tunisia .........................................................................................................

.54

Russia and Central Asia ........................................................................................................................56

Russia ......................................................................................................................

56

Kazakhstan .................................

58

The Kyrgyz Republic .........................................................................................................

60

Tajikistan ..................................................................................................................

62
1

This designation is without prejudice to positions on status, and is in line with UNSCR 1244/1999 and the ICJ

Opinion on the Kosovo declaration of independence. 2

Turkmenistan ........................................................................................................................................64

Uzbekistan ..................................................................................................................

..........................66

Africa ....................................................................................................................................................67

The African Union (AU)

- European Union (EU) ....................................................................................67

Angola ......................................................................................................................

70
Benin ................................................................ 72

Republic of Botswana ........................................................................................

74

Burkina Faso .......

76

Burundi ...................................................................................................................

78

Cabo Verde .........................................................................................................

80

Cameroon .............................................................................................................................................82

Central African Republic........................................................................................................................84

Union des Comores ...........................................................................................................

86
Republic of Congo ...................................................... .87

Chad ........................................................................................................................

.89

Côte d'Ivoire ...

.........91

Djibouti ............................................................................................................

.....................................93

Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) ..........................................................................................

.........95 State of Eritrea .......................................................... 97

Eswatini ....................................................................................................................................

99

Ethiopia ...............................................................................................................................................101

Equatorial Guinea

..102

Gabon .....................................................................................................................

............................105

Ghana .......................................................................................................................

..........................106

Guinea Bissau

Guinea ..............................................................................................................

..................................111

Kenya .......................................................................................................................

113

Kingdom of Lesotho

115

Liberia .....................................................................................................................

117

Madagascar ..................................................................................................................

...119 Democratic Republic of Malawi .......................................... ...121

Mali ........................................................................................................................

.123

Mauritania ...................

125

Mauritius ............................................................................................................................................127

Republic of Mozambique ......................................................................................................

129

Namibia ..............................................................................................................................................131

Niger ..................................................................................................................

133

Nigeria ................................................................................................................................................135

Rwanda .....................................................................................................

138

São Tomé and Príncipe .......................................................................................................

139
Senegal ........................................................ 14 1

The Seychelles ..............................................................................................................

143

Sierra Leone

145

Somalia ..........................................................................................................

...147

South Africa ................................................................................................................

...149 South Sudan ................................................. 15 1

Sudan .......................................................................................................................

153

Tanzania ....................................................................................................................

155

The Gambia ..........................................................................................

15 7 3

Togo ....................................................................................................................................................159

Uganda .......................................

161

Zambia ......................................................................................................................

...163 165

Arabian Peninsula ..............................................................................................................................167

Bahrain ....................................................................................................................

167

Iraq ........................................................................................................................

16 9

Kuwait .................................................................................................................................................171

Oman ......................................................................................................

173

Qatar .......................................................................................................................

174

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

...176

United Arab Emirates ........................................................................................................

178

Yemen .......................................................................................................................

....180

Asia .....................................................................................................................................................182

Afghanistan .........................................................................................

18 2

People's Republic of Bangladesh .............................................................................................

18 5 Kingdom of Bhutan ............................................ 187

Brunei Darussalam ...........................................................................................................

189

Kingdom of Cambodia ........................................................................................................................190

People's Republic of China .................................................................................................................192

Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China ................................

.195

Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China ..........................................196

Taiwan ....

Iran ......................................................................................................................................................198

Republic of Korea ................................................................................................................................199

Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) ..............................................................................

200

India ....................................................................................................................................................202

Indonesia ............................................................................................................................................203

Japan ...................................................................................................................................................205

Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) ..............................................................

207

Malaysia ....................................................................................................................

209
Maldives ............................................................. 21
1

Mongolia .............................................................................................................................................213

Myanmar/Burma ................................................................................................................................215

Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal ......................................................................................

219

Pakistan ....................................................................................................................

221
Philippines ......................................................................... 22
3

Singapore ............................................................................................................................................225

Sri Lanka .....................

226

Thailand ....................................................................................................................

22
8

Timor-Leste .........................................................................................................................................231

Vietnam .................................................................. ...233

Oceania ..............................................................................................................................................234

Australia ........

234

Fiji .......................................................................................................................................................235

4

The Federated States of Micronesia ...................................................................................................237

Republic of Kiribati

239

Nauru .......................................................................................................................

...........................240

New Zealand .................................................................................................................

242
Palau .................................................................. 243

Independent State of Papua New Guinea ......................................................................................

244

Republic of Marshall Islands .........

246

Samoa .......................................................................................................................

..248

Solomon Islands .............................................................................................................

250
25
1

Tuvalu ......................................................................................................................

25
3

Vanuatu ..............................................................................................................................................255

The Americas ......................................................................................................................................257

Belize ......................................................................................................................

25
7

United States of America

25
8

Antigua and Barbuda .........................................................................................................

260

Canada ......................................................................................................................

26
2 Commonwealth of Dominica .................................................................. 264

The Bahamas .................................................................................................................

266
Barbados ................................................. 267

Republic of Costa Rica ......................................................................................................

26
8

Republic of Cuba ................................................................................................................................269

Dominican Republic ....................................................................................................

27
1

El Salvador ..........................................................................................................................................274

276

Guatemala ...........................................................................................

....278

Co-operative Republic of Guyana ......................................................................................................280

Haiti ............................................................ 282

Honduras ....................................................................................................................

284

Republic of Argentina .........................................................................................................................286

Plurinational State of Bolivia .......................................................................................

288

Federative Republic of Brazil ..............................................................................................................290

Republic of Chile

29
3

Republic of Colombia ..........................................................................................................................295

Republic of Ecuador .........................................................................................................

298
Republic of Paraguay ............................................................ 300

Republic of Peru ............................................................................................................

302

The Oriental Republic of Uruguay

30
4

Republic of Venezuela .......................................................................................................

306

Jamaica ...............................................................................................................................................308

Mexico ................................................................................................................................................310

Nicaragua ..................................................................................................

312

Republic of Panama .........................................................................................

..314

Saint Kitts and

316

St Vincent and the Grenadines ............................................................................................

317

St Lucia ....................................................................................................................

318
Republic of Suriname ......................................................... ....320

Trinidad and Tobago .........................................................................................................

321
5

Enlargement countries

Republic of

Albania

1. Overview of the human rights and democracy situation: Please refer to the 2020 EU

Enlargement Package Country Report for the Republic of Albania.

2. EU action

- key focus areas: The EU continues to monitor thoroughly the protection of human rights, including women's rights, rights of the child, protection of persons belonging to minorities, freedom of expression, property rights, protection of vulnerable groups and, in particular, the integration of Roma and Egyptian communities, as well as improvement of detention and probation conditions in the Albanian prison system.

3. EU bilateral political engagement: The recommendations of the fourth EU-Albania bi-

annual policy dialogue Seminar on inclusion of the Roma and Egyptian communities in the

Republic of

Albania, held on 12 December 2018 in Tirana, were officially adopted in mid- 201

9 and a monitoring report of those recommendations was circulated. The

recommendations from the seminar will be assessed in a regular manner, in particular in the EU-Albania Stabilisation and Association Subcommittees on Justice, Freedom and Security. The most recent Subcommittee on Justice, Freedom and Security discussed the human rights related developments, the results achieved and the measures planned.

4. EU financial engagement:

In mid-2019, EU support (EUR 4 million) for the economic and social empowerment of Roma and Egyptian communities in the Republic of Albania ended and was assessed as having provided positive results to the community. Through the European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights (EIDHR), two projects (totalling EUR 1.2 million), which started in 2018, continued implementation in 2019, in support of children and youth in conflict with the law and for the protection of rights of LGBTI persons. By the end of the reporting period 3 additional contracts (totalling EUR 1.2 million), were signed in the areas of i) rights of LGBTI persons, ii) missing persons from the communist era, and iii) human rights and conditions in prisons. Under the EU-funded Civil Society Facility and Media Programme (2016-2017), implementation continued in 2019 and supported civil society organisations with a total amount of EUR 5.4 million with the aim to build the capacities of grassroots local organisations in addressing various human rights issues. The EU is providing regional financial support to the Republic of Albania through the EU/Council of Europe Horizontal Facility for the Western Balkans and Turkey. The facility addressed issues such as: the capacities of judicial authorities, including supporting effective domestic remedies and facilitating the execution of judgments in the area of property rights; anticorruption strategic/legislative framework; and anti-discrimination, with a focus on the legal framework and capacities of the main bodies in charge of protection against discrimination. Under the latter component, the Horizontal Facility focused on the situation in prisons, the rights of persons belonging to minorities and bullying at school. In the course of 2019, a second phase of the Horizontal Facility started, addressing these areas. 6

5. Multilateral context: An Inter-Institutional Action Plan (2018-2020) on the

implementation of UN Security Council Resolution 1325 was adopted in September 2018. Changes to the Law on Domestic Violence were approved to comply with the Istanbul Convention. The law now provides for immediate protection of domestic violence victims. The EU started a technical assistance to support the gender equality agenda in the Republic of Albania with a focus on gender mainstreaming across strategies and local level actions to boost the gender equality. The Republic of Albania underwent its third Universal Periodic Review (UPR) cycle in May 2019 and reported to the UN Human Rights Council. The country was granted Observer Status to the EU Agency for Fundamental Rights by decision of the EU- Albania Stabilisation and Association Council of 28 November 2019. The country should proceed with the nominations of an Observer, an alternate Observer and a National Liaison

Officer for the Agency.

It continued to cooperate with the European Court of Human Rights.

Bosnia and Herzego

vina

1. Overview of the human rights and democracy situation: Please refer to the

2020 EU

Enlargement Package Country Report for

Bosnia and Herzegovina.

2. EU action - key focus areas: The EU continues to closely monitor the respect for human

rights, including the rights of persons belonging to minorities, as well as equality between women and men, as part of the EU integration process of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In 2019, the Commission adopted its Opinion on the membership application of the country, which includes an assessment of the preparedness on human rights and the protection of minorities and outlines 14 key priorities for BiH including six key priorities on fundamental rights: (i) Strengthen the protection of the rights of all citizens, notably by ensuring effective implementation of the legislation on non-discrimination and on gender equality; (ii) Ensure the right to life and prohibition of torture, notably by (a) abolishing the reference to death penalty in the Constitution of the Republika Srpska entity and (b) designating a national preventive mechanism against torture and ill-treatment; (iii) Take concrete steps to promote an environment conducive to reconciliation in order to overcome the legacies of the war; (iv) Ensure an enabling environment for civil society, notably by upholding the European standards on freedom of association and freedom of assembly; (v) Guarantee freedom of expression and of the media and the protection of journalists, notably by ensuring the appropriate judicial follow-up to cases of threats and violence against journalists and media workers; (vi) Improve the protection and inclusion of vulnerable groups, in particular persons with disabilities, children, LGBTI persons, members of the Roma community, detainees, migrants and asylum seekers, as well as displaced persons and refugees in line with the objective of closure of Annex VII of the Dayton

Peace Agreement.

7 The Opinion also calls on Bosnia and Herzegovina to fundamentally improve the institutional framework, including at constitutional level, to ensure among other things that all citizens can effectively exercise their political rights in liquotesdbs_dbs46.pdfusesText_46

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