[PDF] aldehydes and ketones nucleophilic addition

Aldehydes and ketones undergo nucleophilic addition reactions with monohydric alcohols to yield hemiacetals. Upon further reaction with another molecule of the alcohol, an acetal is obtained.
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  • What is the nucleophilic addition elimination reaction of aldehydes and ketones?

    Aldehydes and ketones react with a number of ammonia derivatives in the presence of acids to form addition products. Some ammonia derivatives are given below : NH2OH (hydroxylamine)

  • Do aldehydes and ketones undergo nucleophilic substitution?

    Once a tetrahedral intermediate is formed, aldehydes and ketones cannot reform their carbonyls. Because of this, aldehydes and ketones typically undergo nucleophilic additions and not substitutions.

  • How do aldehydes and ketones differ in reactivity towards nucleophilic addition reactions?

    For steric and electrical reasons, aldehydes are more reactive than ketones in nucleophilic addition processes. In ketones, the presence of two relatively big substituents makes it more difficult for a nucleophile to access the carbonyl carbon than in aldehydes with only one such substituent.
  • Aldehydes are generally more reactive than ketones in nucleophilic addition reactions due to steric and electronic reasons. Sterically, the presence of two relatively large substituents in ketones hinders the approach of nucleophile to carbonyl carbon than in aldehydes having only one such substituent.
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