[PDF] The biblical antiquities of Philo

View - Download The biblical antiquities of Philo

Previous PDF

Next PDF

MBUCi"ifeta»^

i

TRANSLATIONSOFEARLYDOCUMENTS

SERIESI

PALESTINIANJEWISHTEXTS

(PRE-RABBINIC)

THEBIBLICAL

ANTIQUITIESOFPHILO

DigitizedbytheInternetArchive

in2007withfundingfrom

IVIicrosoftCorporation

THEBIBLICAL

ANTIQUITIESOFPHILO

NOWFIRST

TRANSLATEDFROMTHEOLDLATINVERSION

BY

M.R.JAMES,LiTT.D.,F.B.A.

HON.LITT.D.DUBLIN,HON.LL.D.ST.ANDREWS,

PROVOSTOFking'sCOLLEGECAMBRIDGE

SOCIETYFORPROMOTINGCHRISTIANKNOWLEDGE

LONDON:68,HAYMARKET,S.W.i.

NEWYORK:THEMACMILLANCOMPANY

1917

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

1.General....

2.HistoryoftheBook

(a)TheEditioPrincepsandafter (b)Earlierhistory.

3.AuthoritiesfortheText

(a)Theprintededition. {b)MSS.ofthetext (4Subsidiaryauthorities (d)Geographicaldistribution. (e)Communityoforigin (/)Groupingofauthorities,illustratedby specimenpassages.

4.Title,andattribution'joPhilo

5.OriginalLanguage

6.Date.

7.Form....,

8.PurposeandTeaching.

9.Unity.Contents.

10.RelationtootherLiterature,espe-

cially - (a)Enoch (b)Jubilees. (c)ApocalypseofBatuch. (d)FourthBookofEsdras (e)NewTestamentWritings y 9 12 12 13 17 18 19 21
26
27
29
33
33
42
43
45
46
54
59
viCONTENIS PAGE

11.ExtentoftheCompleteBook:theLost

ConclusionDiscussed...6o

12.Conclusion.CharacterofthePresent

Edition......65

13.SynopsisoftheContents:Divisionof

theBook..,..67

AdditionalNote....-73

TEXTANDNOTES....75

Appendices -

I.Onvariousreadingsandcorruptpas-

sages243

II.Onthevocabulary,etc.,oftheLatin

version......269

Index.'......275

INTRODUCTION

I.ThebooknowpresentedtoEnglishreaders

so,buttheveryexistenceofithasremainedun- hundredyears,althoughitwasprintednoless thanfivetimesinthecourseofthesixteenth century.

Whatisit,andwhyisitworthrevivingafterso

longaperiodofoblivion?ItisaBiblehistory, tothedeathotSaul.Ithascometousonlyin aLatintranslation(madefromGreek,andthat thenameofthegreatJewishphilosopherofthe convenientshorttitle.

Itsimportanceliesinthis,thatitisagenuine

andunadulteratedJewishbookofthefirstcentury - aproductofthesameschoolastheFourthBook' ofEsdrasandtheApocalypseofBaruch^and destructionofJerusaleminA.D.70.Itisthus contemporarywithsomeoftheNewTestament writings,andthrowslightuponthemaswellas 7 ;g^:c-c'/r^c*'Introduction

2.(a)TheHISTORYOFTHEBook,asknownto

us,canbeshortlytold.ItwasprintedbyAdam

Petriin1527,atBasle,inasmallfoliovolume,

alongwiththegenuinePhilo'sQuaestioneset

SolutionesinGenesim^andafragmentoftheDe

Vitacontemplativa(calledDeEssaeis).These

werefollowedbytheOnomasticon{deNominibus andaLatinrenderingoftheDeMundoby

GuillaumeBude.ThewholevolumeisinLatin,

andwaseditedbyJoannesSichardus:forthe

FuldaandLorsch,ofwhichmorehereafter.In

collectioninaquartovolume,whichIhavenot

In1552ourbook(withouttheaccompanying

volumeissuedbyGryphiusatLyons,underthe atHeidelberg,editedbyJudaBonutius.

Philowasreadandoccasionallyquoted,e.g,by

Fabriciuswouldcertainlyhaveaccordedita

notice.HedoesspeakofitinhisBibliotheca

Ge'icsim,

HISTORYOFTHEBOOK9

pointofviewoftheeditions.Itisnottoomuch tosaythatthechancewhichkeptitfromhimhas keptitalsofromtheflockofscholarswhohave followedhimlikesheepfortwohundredyears. seemstohavebeenCardinalJ.B.Pitra.Inthe

AnalectaSacra(II.321;1884)heprintedthe

LamentofJephthah'sdaughterfromaVatican

totheprintededition.

In1893Icameuponfourdetachedfragments

inamanuscriptatCheltenham,inthePhillipps andStudies,II.3).Noonewhoreviewedthe bookinEnglandorabroadrecognizedthatthey weretakenfromatextalreadyinprint.At length,in1898,thelateDr.L.Cohn,whowas anarticleinwhichthesourceofmyfragments waspointedoutandaveryfullaccountgivenof thewholebook,withcopiousquotations.This articleofDr.Cohn'sisatpresentourstandard sourceofinformation.Nothingtosupersedeit has,sofarasIknow,appearedsince.Afew

ContemporaryJewishThought.

{b)CanwetracethehistoryofPhilofurther backthantheprintededitionof1527bymeansof quotationsorallusionstoit?Thewholebodyof evidenceisremarkablysmall.Attheveryend loINTRODUCTION asticis,printedatParisin1512.Onf.18^isa andaddstheopeningwords:Adamgenuittres filios,whichshowsthathehadseenthetext.It fromthetext(ofwhichweshallspeakunderthe* ourbook(V.8).Hecallshissource'Philothe bookofquestionsuponGenesis':thewordsshow thathewasquotingamanuscriptwhichcon- tainedthatworkaswellasourtext.His chroniclers. ofrareoccurrence.TheFuldacatalogueofthe sixteenthcentury^has"Repertoriinoniordo primus,liberPhilonisantiquitatum36."The number36istheolderlibrarynumber,perhaps onthecoverofthevolume.Thiswasoneofthe toit.

Inthetwelfthcenturyamonkwritestothe

AbbotofTegernseefortheloanofthe"liber

Philonis."In831theabbeyofSt.Riquier,near

p.105;1902),

HISTORYOFTHEBOOKii

unumvolumen."Boththesereferencesmaybe foundinBecker'sCatalogi}

Onepossiblehint,andoneonly,oftheexist-

enceofPhilointheEasternChurchisknownto me.TheTaktikonofNicon,cap.13,inthe

Slavonicversion,asquotedbyBerendts{Zach-

ariaS'Apokryphen,p.5,note3),reckonsamong thecanonicalbooksoftheOldTestament"the

Palaea(theEasterntext-bookofBiblehistory

comparabletotheHistoriaScholasiicainthe

West)andPhiloT

TheDecretumGelasianumofthefifthorsixth

centurycondemn?,amongmanyotherapocryphal thatPki/omentionsthedaughtersofAdaminthe firstfewlines,whereasinJubileestheydonot occurbeforethefourthchapter.

Iknowofnothinginearliercenturieswhich

lookslikeanallusiontoPhilo,unlessitbea passageinOrigenonJohn(Tom.VI.14)inwhich hesays^:"Iknownotwhatisthemotiveofthe whoadmittedlylivedthroughthedaysofmany oftheJudges,isthesameasElias,andthat immortalitywaspromisedtohiminNumbers catalogues. f|6KeVT7]{r6TJ]vMabiavlriy,/c.t.A.

12INTRODUCTION

(xxv.12),"withmoretothesameeffectHe referstonobook,buttoatraditionwhichis,in cationisfoundinPhilo,c.XLVIII.Seethenote inloc,

3.ThenextbusinessistodescribetheAUTHORI-

TIESFORTHETextofPhilo.

(a)Wewilltaketheprintededitionof1527 aremerereprints).ItssymbolshallbeA.Inhis substanceofwhathesaysisasfollows.Atone timehehadhopedtobeabletoremedythemany corruptionsofthemanuscripts,ofwhichhehad two;buthegraduallycametodespairofdoing so,andresolvedtogivethetextashefoundit.

Histwomanuscriptswereaslikeeachotheras

twoeggs,sothathecouldnotdoubtthatonewas acopyoftheother,thoughtheywerepreserved inlibrariesfarapart.HeemployedtheFulda copy,andhadpreviouslyobtainedtheuseofone fromLorschAbbey,whichwasveryold,andhad windoftheexistenceofanothercopy.Buthis preparingithehasaimedatfollowinghismanu- toputtingforthagreatlyimprovedtextinthe future.^

MANUSCRIPTS13

{b)WehaveseenthattheFuldaMS.istrace- lost,alongwiththebulkoftheFuldaMSS.: then,independently,byDr.P.Lehmann,witha

TheLorschMS.stillremainsundiscovered.

TheidentityoftheCasselMS.withthatused

bySichardusisnotdoubtful.Initscoverisan quitatum,andtheoldFuldapress-mark.

Thebookwhichfurnishesthisinformationisa

LatinPhiloknowntoexist,andhassucceededin

increasingthenumber,fromthreewhichwere knowntoDr.Cohnin1898,tosixteen,elevenof .,.absolverentur.

14INTRODUCTION

whichcontainthetextoftheAntiquities,They areasfollows ingAnt.andQuaest.inGen. tainingAnt.andQuaest. containingAnt. tainingAnt.andQuaest. containingAnt.andQuaest. tainingAnt.andQuaest. tainingAnt.andQuaest. andQuaest, Ant.

Ant.andQuaest.

ofwhichnoparticularswereforthcoming.

Forthepurposesofthepresentvolumeonly

namely,theFulda-CasselMS.asrepresentedby someuseofthelostMS.fromLorsch),theChel- tenham,Vatican,andViennaMSS.Thefactthat

Dr.Cohnwasknowntohaveincontemplationa

tocoverthewholeground,and,evenhaditbeen

Germany.Thereare,forinstance,noprinted

libraries.

MANUSCRIPTS15

tellsus^issufficienttoshowthatnoneofthe

MSS.presentacompletertextthanwealready

know.Allmustgobacktoanancestorwhich itweremade.Uponthispointmorewillbesaid.

AtpresentwewilltakeaccountofwhatDr.Leh-

mannhastosayofSichardus'sMSS.,andproceed ofsomesubsidiaryauthorities.

OftheFuldaMS.wenowlearnthatitisthe

workofmorethanonescribe,oftheeleventh century.TheAntiquitiesoccupyff.\-6^a,and haveatitleinalatemedievalhand:Libri isanoteworthyfeature.Onf.86,inthemiddle ofthepagetheMS.omits,withoutanysignof abreak,alongpassagecontainingtheendofthe edition.AtthispointSichardushasamarginal note:*'Herethecopiesdiffered,butwehave fromtheFuldaMS.Wemaysay,therefore,that allMSS.showingthisgapareindependentofthe

FuldaMS.

IV.I.1912).

i6INTRODUCTION waswronginregardingtheFuldaMS.asacopy heexaggeratesgreatlywhenhesaysthatthetwo

MSS.wereasalikeastwoeggs.^Dr.Lehmann's

finalremarkisthatthedisappearanceofthe

LorschMS.isverymuchtobedeplored,for,

judgedbytheGreekfragmentsandtheArmenian traditionthanalltheextantLatinMSS.

OftheotherMSS.inthelistgivenabove,it

maybeobservedthattheCuesMS.(writtenat

Gottweihin1451)andthetwoWlirzburgMSS.

arenotlikelytobeofverymuchvalue:andthat, ofthethreeMunichMSS.,thatfromTegernsee two.ProbablythemonkwhowrotetoTegernsee toborrowaPhilo(seep.10)wasamemberof

BenedictbeurenorSchaftlarn.TheSchaftlarn

Inowproceedtogiveadetailedaccountofthe

threecompleteMSS.whichIhavebeenableto threeMSS.arethosementionedbyDr.Cohnin hisarticle,andIhavebeenledtoexaminethem withoutseriousthoughtofusingthemforthe purposesofanedition.Theyarethecopies preservedatCheltenham,Vienna,andRome. ofPhilo.

MANUSCRIPTS17

C077lpOSUi.

withoutcolophon,occupyingthewholevolume. thereisnoothermarkofprovenance.

Pisthustheonlyoneofthethreemanuscripts

whoseoldhomecanbedefinitelyfixed.Itbe- longedtotheabbeyofSt.Eucharius,otherwise outsideTreves. extractsfromthetext. i8INTRODUCTION

Ess,andhasanoldpress-markCiorC7.

T.No.117intheTownLibraryatTreves.Apaper

to"place'^Ph.

RhineProvinces,orinEasternFrance.

(d)Glancingbackoverthelist,weseethatfor allbutoneoftheitemsaGermanoriginisestab- lished.TheVaticanMS.istheexception,and origin.Nearthebeginningofthebook(III.3) isaspeechbeginningDeleam,RreadsVelearn.

GEOGRAPHICALDISTRIBUTION19

verylikeacapitalV;nordoIknowanyother scriptinwhichthelikenessbetweenDandVis sostriking.MyguessisthatthescribeofR, ofhiswork,madethemistake,whichhedoesnot repeat;andIregarditasanindicationthathis remarkablysimilartexttothatofV). toshowthatintheMiddleAgesPhilowascir- confinesthoselimitstoGermanyandNorthern

France.

{e)OftheseauthoritiesIhavetranscribedA, infull;haveexaminedandpartiallycollatedV (onthespot),andhavetranscribedPh,T,andF

Jisinprint,andIhavecollatedthatalso.

Thecompletecopieswhichareknowntousareall

speech:"SaytoDavid:ThussaithSaul:Be notmindfulofmyhatrednorofmyunrighteous- ness."Howmuchfurtherthestorywentweshall thedeathofGideon(XXXVII.i)wereadthat"he

20INTRODUCTION

desiringtoberuleroverthepeople.Then tree,andsaid:Comereignoverus."Thuswe passfromthefirstentryofAbimelechtoapoint somewhereintheParableofJotham.1thinkwe theancestorofallourcopies.Noneofthemmake anyattempttofillthegap.Attheendofthe stoneuponhim.(ThenJairjudgedIsraeltwenty andtwoyears.)HebuiltasanctuarytoBaal," mentsofP.ThetextasreadinAwouldimply thatAbimelechbuiltasanctuarytoBaal;butit gap,theextentofwhichisuncertain.Theimme-

Ourhistorianmayormaynothavenoticedhim:

hedoes,lateron,omitoneoftheminorjudges,

Ibzan.Atmost,anotherleafiswantingatthis

damage.

Intheearlypagesofthebookmuchspaceis

totheBible.Themanydisagreementsastothe inthismatter.Sodosuchvariantsasmemoraret

TRANSMISSION21

incapitalsinV,whichIinterpretasanattempt fusions(inpropernames)o{fands^ofcandz,of

Thereisanapriorilikelihoodthatararetext

bythem.Acloserstudyofthevariantsmay perhapsconfirmthisnotion.^ esim,andDeEssaeis,whichhadsurvivedatsome mostlikelyinornearTreves. {/)Theauthoritiesusedinthisbookfallinto

Sichardusgivesusnomeansofdistinguishing

haveseen,isprobablywronginsayingthatthey wereverycloselyallied.TheTrevesMSS.arein morefrequentagreementwithAthanVR.Vand

R,ifnotparentandchild(andprobablytheyare

not)areatleastuncleandnephew.Generally toanyoneofthecompleteMSS.thatIhave seen.

22INTRODUCTION

wewilltakeashortpassageforwhichallour (hominiquifactusestVRF). trorumF). (facturaVRF).

SicomminusmemoraretartariinquoambulasA.

obscureinT). labasVRF. inconspectutuomultis(inmultisVRF)psallo? (inchaomatenataVRF)estuestracreatura?

GROUPINGOFAUTHORITIES23

light. thewholeclauseisomittedbyVR. thewordhassurvived. theotherlonger,inwhichthisisthecase.

24INTRODUCTION

ilHus,"whichisquiteright. rest. takingAasthebasis,wehave sumcoronisnuptiarummearum. (c)NonsumusaMosiodorismei. ""preciosiodoramentimeiPPhT. ""moysiodorismeiVR[pm.usaR). (SichardusconjecturedMoschoforMosi:Pitra printsnonsuntthymiaodoris.) quod(quibusR)praeparatumestmihiAVR.

Neefroniuitanimammeamoleumunctionisquod

praeparatumestmihiPPhT.quotesdbs_dbs18.pdfusesText_24

[PDF] complexe scolaire avenir apprenti sage dakar

[PDF] complexul muzeal de stiinte ale naturii galati

[PDF] comportement des jumeaux

[PDF] composantes de l'environnement d'une organisation

[PDF] composition 2am 3eme trimestre

[PDF] composition 2am fable

[PDF] composition 3am autobiographie

[PDF] composition 3eme annee primaire 3eme trimestre

[PDF] composition 4ap le conte

[PDF] composition chimique du lait de vache pdf

[PDF] composition chimique du vin

[PDF] composition chimique du vivant 2nde

[PDF] composition chimique peinture

[PDF] composition d'isométries

[PDF] composition d'un litre de lait de vache