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Bulletin de l'APAD

34-36 | 2012

Engager l'anthropologie pour le développement et le changement social Engaging anthropology for development and social change Sten

Hagberg

et

Fatoumata

Ouattara

(dir.)

Édition

électronique

URL : http://journals.openedition.org/apad/4098

DOI : 10.4000/apad.4098

ISSN : 1950-6929

Éditeur

LIT Verlag

Édition

imprimée

Date de publication : 1 janvier 2012

Référence

électronique

Sten Hagberg et Fatoumata Ouattara (dir.),

Bulletin de l'APAD

, 34-36

2012, "

Engager l'anthropologie

pour le développement et le changement social » [En ligne], mis en ligne le 01 avril 2012, consulté le

11 septembre 2020. URL

: http://journals.openedition.org/apad/4098 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/ apad.4098 Ce document a été généré automatiquement le 11 septembre 2020.

Bulletin de l'APAD

Le présent numéro triple du Bulletin de l'APAD est une compilation de commuications présentées au colloque de l'APAD du 20 au 23 janvier 2012 à Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Le thème du colloque fut " Engager l'Anthropologie pour le développement et le changement social : Pratiques, discours et éthique ». Comme organisateurs principaux du colloque, nous voudrions exprimer nos remerciements à tous les acteurs et institutions qui ont soutenu le colloque : Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA), Vlaamse Interuniversitaire Raad (VLIR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Ouagadougou, Université Polytechnique de Bobo-Dioulasso, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), Uppsala Universitet, Université de Montréal, African Studies Centre Leiden et Katolieke Universiteit Leuven. Ce colloque de l'APAD a également reçu le soutien du Ministère des EnseignementsSupérieur, Secondaireet de la Recherche Scientifiquedu Burkina Faso.Enfin, nous ne saurons terminer cette note sans remercier tous nos collègues et amis (ils se reconnaitront!) qui se sont engagés dans le comité d'organisation du colloque de l'APAD 2010. Merci à toutes et à tous!Une mention spéciale à nos Le prochain colloque de l'APAD à Montpellier, France, du 13 au 15 juin 2013 va poursuivre les réflexions entamées à Ouagadougou. A Montpellier le thème est " Les relations d'enquête en contexte de développement ou d'urgence : Accès, risques, savoirs, restitutions ». Le Bulletin de l'APAD est produit au département d'anthropologie culturelle et d'ethnologie, Université d'Uppsala. Les propositions que nous sollicitons pour notre revue concernent aussi bien des numéros thématiques que des contributions individuelles. The current triple issue of APAD Bulletin brings together a selection of papers presented at the APAD Conference 20-23 January 2010 in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. The theme of the conference was "Engaging Anthropology for Development and Social Change: Practices, Discourses and Ethics". As conference conveners we would like to express our deepest thanks to all actors and institutions that supported the conference: Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA), Vlaamse Interuniversitaire Raad (VLIR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Bobo-Dioulasso Polytechnical University, Ouagadougou University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), Uppsala University, Université de Montréal, African Studies

Centre Leiden and Katolieke Universiteit Leuven.

The conference was supported by the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research of Burkina Faso. And last but never least we would like to thank colleagues and friends (you know who you are!) in the organisation committee of the APAD 2010 OUAGA. Bravo! A special thanks to our close, daily collaborators Bérénice Ouattara and The upcoming APAD conference in Montpellier, France, 13-15 June 2013 will follow up the Ouagadougou conference. In Montpellier, the theme is "Fieldwork relations in the context of Development or Emergency: Access, risks, knowledge, restitutions". The APAD Bulletin is produced at the Department of Cultural Anthropology & Ethnology, Uppsala University. We welcome proposals of special issues, as well as individual papers, to be published in our journal.

Bulletin de l'APAD, 34-36 | 20121

SOMMAIRETHEMEEngaging anthropology for development and social changeSten Hagberg et Fatoumata OuattaraEngager l'anthropologie du développement à prendre en considération le malaise postcolonialPierreJoseph Laurent

L'anthropologie sociale est-elle inapplicable ?

L'exemple d'une " socio-anthropologie » dans les programmes de santé publique

Marc-Eric Gruénais

Réflexions sur les per diem dans les projets de développement en Afrique

Valéry Ridde

La culture du développement et la dépolitisation de l'anthropologie

Jacky Bouju

L'étude des perceptions des populations et pratiques de développement

Ludovic Kibora

" L'auxiliaire » : une approche empirique du rôle de l'anthropologue dans des projets de coopération au développement

Marilou Mathieu

Jeux de rôles - ou : l' " intermédiaire professionnel » a-t-il une place dans le système de

l'aide au développement ?

Andrea Reikat

Microfinance et mobilisation de l'anthropologie : une expérience dans le sud malgache

Philippe Lavigne Delville

L'heuristique de la littérature grise sur le développement participatif du Bassin congolais

Daou V. Joiris et Patrice Bigombe Logo

La construction des institutions municipales au Burkina Faso : enjeux, contraintes et potentialités

Pamphile Sebahara

Bulletin de l'APAD, 34-36 | 20122

THEME

Bulletin de l'APAD, 34-36 | 20123

Engaging anthropology fordevelopment and social changeSten Hagberg et Fatoumata Ouattara Introduction

1 The theme of the 2010 APAD conference that was organised 20-23 January 2010 inOuagadougou, Burkina Faso focused on anthropological engagements and socialchange. In addition to the rich presentations and the lively discussions that took

place during the conference days this APAD Bulletin is the first publication to come out of that important meeting.

1 We have made a selection of papers representing

different dimensions of the conference theme "Engaging Anthropology for Development and Social Change: Practices, Discourses and Ethics".

2 The purpose of this introduction is to reflect upon challenges in anthropological

engagements in and on development. First, we reiterate the aim of the conference in order to situate the conference at the interface of research and development. Second, we discuss different forms of anthropological engagements, or - perhaps better - the different forms of engaging anthropology for social change. There are various ways by which anthropologists take on societal problems - either in their research capacity, as development experts, or as activists - and the discipline has had a longstanding debate on how and under what conditions to engage in society. Third, we focus on how anthropology is engaged with development, as a way to introduce the papers and explore the basic question of how and in what ways anthropology could be more involved in development cooperation practice.

Background and focus

3 The Euro-African Association for the Anthropology of Social Change andDevelopment (APAD), founded in the early 1990s, promotes a dialogue betweenresearchers in the social sciences, as well as between researchers and development

Bulletin de l'APAD, 34-36 | 20124

agents. Initially devoted to the empirical studies of interactions brought about by development, APAD's approach has evolved towards research regarding social change on the African continent in a broad sense. The purpose of the Ouagadougou conference was to address critical issues, such as growing poverty and inequality, emerging ethno-religious tensions and political conflicts, worsening environmental hazards, and increasing social fragmentation, from anthropological perspectives. Engaging anthropology for development and social change also raises methodological, epistemological and ethical questions.

4 A core concern of anthropology remains the engagement that fieldwork implies.

Empirically grounded fieldwork provides anthropology with its ethnographic insights and analytical tools. Over the years, anthropologists have come to turn their attention to development as a critical anthropological subject of study. Yet the relationship between anthropology and development remains utterly ambiguous. Consultancy and short-term research on a predefined problem have increased with the demand of development institutions for anthropological knowledge, a situation which seems to have deepened the schism between a theoretically oriented anthropology and a more applied anthropology. Major challenges of engaging anthropology are therefore to reconnect theory and practical application, and to create a platform for dialogue between a theoretically oriented, empirically grounded anthropology, and an anthropology directly applied to development and social change.

5 In the last decade two somewhat contradictory tendencies may be observed. On

the one hand, anthropology has become increasingly marginalised in development debates, where macro-economic and political reforms rather than contextualised socially and culturally sensitive development interventions have been promoted. In budget support and sector-wide approaches anthropologists have had a hard time finding new ways of engaging in development. On the other hand, anthropological knowledge and perspectives are nowadays demanded by development agencies as, for instance, poverty- and rights-based approaches require socio-cultural analysis and policy. Today actors pay at least lip service to anthropological approaches and perspectives.

6 Taken together these two tendencies reveal that, despite important works

produced by scholars inside and outside of the APAD network, anthropological knowledge and analysis are often referred to, but much less practically integrated in, development interventions. Yet at a time when the boundaries between development aid and public expenses are fuzzier than ever (Bierschenk et al. 2007), anthropological analysis is badly needed to understand and, by extension, influence development and social change. While this seems to be largely accepted, today the main challenge is how and by what means anthropology may engage in development in practical and concrete ways, while respecting scientific rigor and methodological requirements.

7 It was in this context of ambiguous and yet mutually interdependent relations

that the APAD 2010 OUAGA conference was organised. Conference participants were invited to address the following central questions: What are the prospects for engaging anthropology in major challenges of poverty, inequality, corruption, social fragmentation, violence and ethnic tensions? How and when should anthropologists be actively involved in development efforts, and political jumbles?

Bulletin de l'APAD, 34-36 | 20125

What are the responsibilities of anthropology in studying social change? How can anthropology engage in public debate and development policy? What are the modes and forms of dialogue to be promoted between anthropologists and development agents? And, finally, what room is there for manoeuvring for anthropological practitioners involved in development work?

8 The conference programme included some 85 papers presented in plenary

sessions or workshops, plus a roundtable on anthropology and development, as well as a plenary session on scientific networking. Some 250 participants attended at least parts of the conference. The profile of conference participants is worth mentioning. Many paper presenters were anthropologists and sociologists who work as lecturers-researchers at universities and research institutes in African or European countries. We also saw a large number of developers in the sense of professionals with an anthropological background working for development organisations and projects. There were also many PhD students and undergraduate students. The participants came to a large extent from the host country Burkina Faso. Other countries represented with paper presentations were Niger, Mali, Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Nigeria, Tanzania, Cameroon, Senegal, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, France, Belgium, Germany, Sweden, UK, the Netherlands,

Poland, Switzerland, Denmark, Canada and the USA.

9 The first plenary session had papers with presentations on what kind of

anthropology one may and should currently implement in development operations (Jacky Bouju), on the anthropologist as an auxiliary in development projects (Marilou Mathieu) and the anthropology in the service of combating poverty (Mohamadou Sall). In the next plenary session the issue of whether or not anthropology is inapplicable to health projects was discussed (Marc-Éric Gruénais). Hadiza Moussa discussed female organisational dynamics in relation to development rent. Another paper concerned a local development organisation and reflected upon evaluation indicators and the role of the engaged and implicated anthropologist (Patrice Toé). The last paper in this plenary session concerned engagement and politics, in that the anthropologist studying municipal politics easily becomes part of the political arena (Sten Hagberg). The first conference day was concluded by a Round Table, chaired by Philippe Lavigne Delville, at the crossroads of research and development.

2 The plenary sessions introduced themes

and topics in the workshops: applied anthropology and the education and training of the universities; the role of the anthropologist in action and research; publicquotesdbs_dbs42.pdfusesText_42

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