[PDF] Supplementation strategies for semi scavenging chickens in Burkina





Previous PDF Next PDF



Untitled

périodes de production des substances acides et basiques chez les mollusques; molluscs reduce the alkalinity of (and hence acidify) their immediate.



conference conférence conferencia

09-Nov-1991 Président de la Banque européenne pour la reconstruction et le développement ... les insectes les parasites



MANGANESE AND ITS COMPOUNDS: ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

protection of human health and on emergency action. treatment usually involves heating in nitric acid oxida- ... Des pluies acides avaient.



Supplementation strategies for semi scavenging chickens in Burkina

DM. DMI. EE. FCR. FCS. FM. LSM. ME. MJ. NFE. OM. PDAV. TME. Amino acids des pluies (13.5 MJ 1 kg) et le taux de protéine brute (PB < 12 %) dans.



OPTIONS S

Organic acids and sugars composition of harvested pomegranate fruit. In: Eur. Food Res. Technol. 211



Groundwater for emergency situations: a methodological guide; IHP

acid that is precipitated as acid rain. The products of volcanoes pose not only such immediate hazards but can as well cause long-term climatic and 





GLOSSARY OF STATISTICAL TERMS

Acid rain. Pluie acide. See Acid precipitation. See also: Acid precipitation. Acidifying potential. (AP). The aggregate measure of the acidifying potential.



Livestock and Sustainable Nutrient Cycling in Mixed Farming

and agropastoral systems of acid-soil savannahs of Latin America saison des pluies il y avait une forte sélectivité entre les unités de paysage dont la ...



Mortars Cemeilts and Grouts used in the Conservation of Historic

Ayant à l'esprit les considérations énoncées l'ICCROM a décidé increasing the amount of polyester

ti o Z 9 N o o --.1 Cf) (1) 3 1 Cf) (1) ::J en ::J en o ri" A (1) ::J U1 Jt. SLU

DOCTORALTHESISNo.2007:116

SupplementationStrategiesforSemi

ScavengingChickens

inBurkinaFaso

EvaluationofSorneLocalFeedResources

SALlMATAPOUSGA

1 i 1

SupplementationStrategiesforSemi

ScavengingChickens

inBurkinaFaso

EvaluationofSorneLocalFeedResources

SalimataPousga

Uppsala

Doctoralthesis

SwedishUniversityofAgriculturalSciences

Uppsala

2007

ActaUniversitatisagriculturaeSueciae

2007:116

ISSN1652-6880

ISBN978-91-859-1315-2

©2007SalimataPousga,Uppsala

Tryck:SLUService/Repro,Uppsala2007

Abstract

feedingredients confinedandsemi-scavenging growingpulletsandlayinghens.

Thechemicalcompositionshoweda

highermetabolizableenergy experimentwascarried choice-fedmaizeand daily gainswere mineraIsupplementtothescavengingbirdshad noeffectonperformance.Itwas experiment, were scavenginghens. scavenging production. cottonseedcake. bedone,particularly oftheseprocessedfeedstuffs. chickens,

Shea-nutcake,Sorghumbeerresidue.

delaRecherche

ScientifiqueetTechnologique,Box

7047,Ouagadougou,BurkinaFaso.E-mail:

pousgasalimata@yahoo.fr ;f 1

Dedication

TothememoryofmyfatherAmadouPousga

TomymotherKaboreSetou,mysisters

Ami,Bintou,Safiand

mybrotherKarim

PersonnenepeutcontrelavolontédeDieu!

Contents

1Introduction11

2Background15

2.2HousingConditions19

2.3FeedingSystems20

2.4

HealthandMortality21

3SummaryofMaterialsandMethods23

3.1StudySitesandPeriods23

3.2

ExperimentalDesign(Paperl,Il,IIIandIV)24

3.3ExperimentalProcedure24

3.7StatisticalAnalysis28

4SummaryofResults29

(Paperl)29 4.2

GrowthPerformanceandEconomieEfficiency

34
4.4 37
4.5

By-Products

38

5GeneralDiscussion41

framScavenging 41

PouHry42

45

Wheat-MaizeBran

inLayerDiets46

6Conclusions49

6.1ImplicationsandRecommendations50

6.2FutureResearch51

References

Acknowledgements

Résumé53

61
65

Listofpublications

toby

Romannumeraisinthetext:

inBurkinaFaso:Effect ofSeason,LocationandBreedonFeedand

623-634.

TropicalAnimal

Health

andProduction,38/2006,pp.323-331. III system BurkinaFaso.AfricanJournalAgriculturalResearch,2 /2007,pp.496 504.
IV

BurkinaFaso:Availabilityand

AminoAcidDigestibility.International

JournalPoultryScience6 /2007,pp.666-672.

Papersarereproducedwiththepermission

ofthepublishers.

Abbreviations

AA ADG ASH CE CF CP DM DMI EE FCR FCS FM LSM ME MJ NFE OM PDAV TME

Aminoacids

Averagedailygain

Totalash

Cottonseedcakeandbran

Crudefibre

Crudeprotein

Drymatter

Drymatterintake

Etherextract

Feedconversionratio

Feedcosts/

kgweightgain

Fishmeal

Least-squaresmean

Metabolizableenergy

Mega-joule

Nitrogen-free-extract

Organic

matter

Truemetabolizableenergy

1Introduction

security asarenewableassetin resource-poorareas oftheworldarelocatedandwherescavenging common:The their community(Acamovicetal.,2005). poultry,with

Branckaert

fromfree-rangingbirdsandtherearefew ornoinputs.Thesebirdsare themainspecieskept(Acamovic etal.,2005).Manyauthorshave describedtheindigenousdomestic (Gallusdomesticus)chickensrearedin chicken,bushchicken orrunnerchicken(Berte,1987;Oluyemi,1989;

Kounta,1991;Gueye

&Bessei,1997).Villagechickensarenotpure

Eekeren

environmentalconditions,such astemperatureextremes,heavyrainand periodicfeedshortages(Gueye,1998).

Threetypesofvillagechicken

productionsystemhavebeenreported: byscavenging. 11 consists (Chrysostome etal.,1995). The confined andwatered, system(Kitalyi,1999). arethefoilowing(IEMVT,1987):

Thebirdsrangefreelyduringtheday

andareusuailygatheredatnight intoabasicshelterforprotectionagainst predators; seeds,andkitchenwastes);Supplementation isdoneoccasionaily, according consumedandare appreciatedfortheirtaste,theirrelatively toughmeatbeingweiladapted to theprolongedcookingpracticedinAfrica.

Smal1-scaleproducersare

howeverconstrainedbypooraccessto knowledge existingsystems,theproductivity ofscavengingchickensisalsolirnited untilrecently, chicken andheatlability 12 irregularsupplementation.Sonaiya(1995) reportedthatscavenging chickens supplementdaily, feed productivity(Sonaiya,1995;

Roberts,1999).Foreffective

supplementation,there isaneedtoknowthequantityoftheavailable scavengeablefeed. (SFRB)can scavengeablefeedinan environment(Roberts,1992).Itisastarting pointindeterminingthequantityand nutritionalcharacteristicsofthe feedthat isrequiredtosupplement.

Objectives

supplementationstrategiesforchickens keptbyresource-poorpeoplein objectiveswere: feedand nutritionalstatus ofscavenginglocalandimproved differentseasons. feedingand cowpea. scavenginglayinghens. 13 14 cockerels.

2Background

'li j betweenlatitudes9°20'and15°05'

North,andlongitudes2°20'and5°30'

West. estimatedtobe around14millioninhabitants (IndexMundi,2007).

Approximately94

ruralareas, ofthepopulation. These productsconstituteabout19 %oftheexports,andmorethan86%of production (MRA,2003). millions (MRA,2004)(Fig.2). 15

Other,5%

,'::::,'7:'_....., 76%

FiRure2.PoultrypopulationinBurkinaFaso

especiallytheruralfanners, whoraisevillagechickensforseveral pUlposes (Kondomboetal.,2003), suchastosupplymeatandeggsand sacrifices insocialrites. guineafowls,ducks,etc.)inthehouseholdin ordertosatisfythefamily's financialneeds. eggproductionforsale. Local constraintsfaced published researchrepresentonlya minorpartoftheagriculturalresearchand developmentprogrammesinthecountry. 16 .1 1 Faso chicksperyearquotesdbs_dbs46.pdfusesText_46
[PDF] les pluies acides et leurs dégats

[PDF] Les pluies rouge de Kerala

[PDF] Les pluies rouges de Kerala

[PDF] les plus beaux messages d'amour

[PDF] les plus beaux monuments de paris

[PDF] les plus beaux poemes d'amour

[PDF] les plus beaux poemes sur la vie

[PDF] les plus belles citations d'amour

[PDF] les plus belles paroles damour qui séduit une femme

[PDF] les plus belles phrases facebook

[PDF] les plus belles plantes d'intérieur

[PDF] les plus désespérés sont les chants les plus beaux dissertation

[PDF] les plus désespérés sont les chants les plus beaux dissertation plan

[PDF] les plus désespérés sont les chants les plus beaux explication

[PDF] les plus grands rois de france