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Darwin,Marx,"WagnerDATEDUE

1989
i

92O.OO9B29d2

Barzun,Jacques,

Darwin,Marx,Wagner:

critiqueofaheritage 1981.

AndmidthistumultKublaheardfromfar

Ancestral-vokesprophesyingwar.-

DarwinMarx\Vagner

Critiqueofa

Heritage

JacquesBarzun

itionwithane\\*

THEUNIVERSITYOFCHICAGOPRESS

ChicagoandLondon

TheUniversityofChicagoPress,Chicago60637

TheUniversityofChicagoPress,Ltd.,London

Copyright1941,1958,1981,byJacquesBarzun

Allrightsreserved.Published1941

Secondedition1958.Phoenixedition1981

PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica

8786852345

Barzun,Jacques,1907

Darwin,Marx,Wagner:critiqueofaheritage.

byDoubleday,GardenCity,N.Y.

Includesindex.

CONTENTS

PrefacetothePhoenixEditionv"

PrefacetotheSecondEditionxi

PrefacetotheFirstEdition(1941)xix

Introduction:WhyThisTrinity?1

I.TheBiologicalRevolution

1.1859:TheOriginofSpecies25

2.TheEvolutionofEvolution38

3.DarwinAnswerstheSphinx56

4.TheNewtonofBiology7

.TheUsesofDarwinism87

6.VoicesofDissent1O1

7.AfterDarwin:WhatIsScience?115

II.TheSocialRevolution

1.1859-TheCritiqueofPoliticalEconomy129

2.TheSoCattedUtopiansM-2

3.HowtheSystemWorks156

4.TheSageofSohoi^9

5.TfojPeoplesMarx185

6.HisMajestysOpposition197

7..A/ferMarx;WTzrftIsSocitriScience?213

III.TheArtisticRevolution

i.1859:TristanandIsolde231

5.TheSchoolofRomanticism242

3.The"Ring*andiheBook*57

4.TheMasterThinkerofBayreuth266

CONTENTS

5*PerfectWagnerites283

6.NietzscheContraWagner2.9-7

7.AfterWagner:WhatIsArt?306

IV.TheTriumphoftheAbsolute

Zadig

V.TheReignofRelativity

i.TheReignofRelativity343

Index363

PrefacetothePhoenixEdition

Thelonglifeinprintofthisessayfortyyears

intellectualneedthatwhichpromptedmeinmy opinionduringthosefortyyears,buttheunder

Marx,andWagnertheirpoweroverthemodern

contributionbutasmallpartofhismassive

Darwinistsexofficio.

method."

VlllPREFACETOTHEPHOENIXEDITION

Wagnersvoluminousteachingsaboutmusicand

stilldominatesthemodernspirit. cribedandwhosedeedsarefelttohavemade, whythechangesoffortyyearsmakesolitdedif orquackery"reveals. *Weaccordinglyrelymoreand

PREFACETOTHEPHOENIXEDITIONIX

Galileoandgrownstrongbythemid-nineteenth

ofcompositionnotthemakingofmereoperasbut ence,modernscience,thetriumphofmethodand hisworkindefianceofcommonsenseandmadeit ticproblemofhisday.

Allthree,moreover,putforwardanewsystemof

andWagnerismneededonethingmore.Darwinian

XPREFACETOTHEPHOENIXEDITION

treacheryandwoundupinthedestructionofthe oudook,gatheringupasitdoestwocenturiesof

J.B.January1981

PrefacetotheSecondEdition

theall-embracingpowerofsymbols. lishedideasandbecome"truth

7intheirturn.Itisthesitu

XIIPREFACETOTHESECONDEDITION

thesubtitleCritiqueof <LHeritage,trustingtothework 1859.

PREFACETOTHESECONDEDITIONxili

headofscience. couldworkusharm.

XIVPREFACETOTHESECONDEDITION

asofamagnatesreputedbankaccount. andmodernistsdowntoProustandThomasMann. periodIamharkingbacktowouldhavehadtobein blingandtasteflat.

PREFACETOTHESECONDEDITIONXV

infatuation. eralconfusion.

XVIPREFACETOTHESECONDEDITION

paredtheirtriumph.

PREFACETOTHESECONDEDITIONXvii

choice. reasonableviewofitsmakers.

XViiiPREFACETOTHESECONDEDITION

onesareoccasionallyimportanttoo. anythinglikeanoverhaul. JJB.

Junei,1957

PrefacetotheFirstEdition(1941)

apostlesdowntoours, tarky,andculturalrevolution.

XXPREFACETOTHEFIRSTEDITION

tiationofmypositionortheirs. ovedordshipoftherestofthenation.

PREFACETOTHEFIRSTEDITIONXXI

stition. ifdemocraticculturemeanttosurvive.

XXIIPREFACETOTHEFIRSTEDITION

Marx,andWagner.

J.B.

Introduction:WhyThisTrinity?

THEIRPLACEINOURLIVES

namedandnoother.

THEIRSLOGANSINOURMOUTHS

2iNraoDUcnoN:WHYTHISTRINITY?

containedeminenceinthepopularmind. drama,TwilightoftheGods.1

OURC3SN1UJKYBELONGSTOTHEM

Edition.]

INTRODUCTION:WHYTHISTMNTTY?3

Wagner.

wasanalien,cold,andchaoticworld.

WHYACOLDWORLD?

Seebelow.

4INTRODUCTION:WHYTHISTRINITY?

paratorytodeath.

SCIENTISMTRIUMPHANT

INTRODUCTION:WHYTHISTRINITY?5

andbaresurvival. theold.

THENEWIDEALISM

worse,toaknow-nothingirrationalism.

4In1940.[NotetotheSecondEdition.]

6INTRODUCTION:WHYTHISTRINITY?

andhumannaturehasledus.

THEPRAGMATICATTITUDE

INTRODUCTION:WHYTHISTRINITY?

THELINKAGEATTHESOURCE

parallelism.

THETHREADOFEVOLUTION

8INTRODUCTION:WHYTHISTRINITY?

authorofTheOriginofSpecies.

Evolution.

THEWEBOFMATERIALISM

INTRODUCTION:WHYTHISTRINITY?9

theobjectivestateofourbodiesatthemoment. experience.

THEFALSEDEMONSTRATION

ioINTRODUCTION:WHYTHISTRINITY? builtintoamechanicalmodel. "prescientific."

MECHANICALEVOLUTION

INTRODUCTION:WHYTHISTRINITY?11

THEPROCESSOFHISTORY

12INTKOBtrcmOK:WHYTHISTRINITY?

factors.

WHATDIALECTICMEANS

placesitsparentwhilecontinuingitsform.

ARTISTICMATERIALISM

INTRODUCTION:WHYTEESTRINITY?13

tiontaginsounds.

14INTRODUCTION:WHYTHISTRINITY?

inthesepages.

THEGHOSTOFTHENINETEENTHCENTURY

originality* luxurytoasociallyusefulinstitution.

INTRODUCTION:WHYTHISTRINITY?15

Galileo.

THINKINGINPAIRS

reason. pretationofNature: life.... voicere-echoesinourears: l6INTRODUCTION:WHYTHISTRINITY? manhood.

ThisisthecommentofDr.RobertLey,headofthe

NaziLaborFront,onthewarof1940.

themfromtheirfirstintention?

THEREALISTICOBSESSION

Theansweriswrappedupinourcommonuseofthe

word"romantic

7todescribethefirsthalfofthepastcen

"scientific*

7socialismofMarx;theconsciousorpurposive

issuesofaphilosophiccastintoopera.

INTRODUCTION:WHYTHISTRINITY?17

ofthehumanwillasa"real"force.

THEPRAGMATICTEST

privateneurosesandpublicmassacres. l8INTKODUCnQN:WHYTHISTTUNTTY? LIVES everyactoftheirlives. theircase.

THEPRAGMATICTESTAGAIN

INTRODUCTION:WHYTHISTRINITY?19

Bakunin,Comte,AdamSmith,Shawoncemore,and

20INTRODUCTION:WHYTHISTRINITY?

throughhimtheKaiserandAdolfHitler.

THEYEAR1859

hasalreadybecomeAmericanlegendandpoetry.

INTRODUCTION:WHYTHISTRINITY?21

TheBiologicalRevolution

Thereexistsbutoneanimal.TheCreatorused

onlyonepatternforallorganizedbeings.An animalisanentitytakingitsshape,orrather itsdifferentshapes,fromtheenvironmentin whichitdevelops.Zoologicalspeciesarethe result....

Isawthatintheseregardssocietyresembled

Nature....Therehavealwaysexistedand

logicalspecies.

BAI.ZAC,Forewordtothe

COIdCEDIEHTTMAINE,1842

i.1859.TheOriginofSpecies

November24.Adivineday,IwalkedoutandMrs.

andDarwin.

GEORGEELIOTSDiaiyfor1859

lisheracceptedthemanuscriptsightunseen. "At

26THEBIOLOGICALREVOLUTION

farthestreachofpublishers*hopes. havemadeabetterbook. l859-2ORIGINOFSPECIES^^ prisingcontentsalittlelater. capitulatedtheargument

28THEBIOLOGICALREVOLUTION

ply"NaturalSelection."1

LettersofDarwin,i,480.

1859:THEORIGINOFSPECIES29

2Wilson,LifeofCaityle,v,517.

3OTHEBIOLOGICALREVOLUTION

onatranslationanddefenseofDarwin. lutionistsof1860. philosophy,seebelow.

TEEORIGINOFSPECIES31

atthe"revolutioninthought ascribed.

32THEBIOLOGICALREVOLUTION

reviewforTheTimes. readtobetalkedabout

5Huxley,LifeandLetters,ii,190.

1859:THEORIGINOFSPECIES33

powerfulperiodicalpresswasreadytohand. blyunifiedinthehandsofanelite.

34THEBIOLOGICALREVOLUTION

throughwhomshemetLewes. day"ofdieOriginspublication. theirwritings.

1859:THEORIGINOFSPECIES35

tizingofsocialforces." tospreadthenewpopularheresies. hisparents

36THEBIOLOGICALREVOLUTION

[sic]force...." unificationofItaly.

THEORIGINOFSPECIES37

Fittest/

7borrowedfromSpencerandplaintothemeanest

Self-Help,thebest-sellerof1860.

2.TheEvolutionofEvolution

Therewasanapeinthedaysthatwereearlier,

Centuriespassedandhishairbecamecurlier,

Nineteenth-CenturyDitty

THEEVOLUTIONOFEVOLUTION39

evolutionofmankind.

4OTHEBIOLOGICALREVOLUTION

observetoday.

THEEVOLUTIONOFEVOLUTION4!

mountainsin1750.

42THEBIOLOGICALREVOLUTION

modificationrnighttakeplace. species.

THEEVOLUTIONOFEVOLUTION43

wouldbeunprecedentedtoneglect. and{mmipllife.

44TEEBIOLOGICALREVOLUTION

knowledgeandstubbornthought.

THEEVOLUTIONOFEVOLUTION

4=>

Soret,hasdescribedthesceneforus:

ingonbehindcloseddoors." drivenintoexile/ thenewsofthemeetingofJulyiQ."7

46THEBIOLOGICALREVOLUTION

unfavoringcircumstances.

Triangles

7 ),andcouldbeeloquentevenuponsuchathing

Thehand,firstgiftofHeaven!tomanbelongs;

Whencethefineorgansofthetouchimpart

Idealfigure^sourceofeveryart....10

history.

THEEVOLUTIONOFEVOLUTION47

ture"toaccomplishherends.11 thegenerallawofexistence.

48THEBIOLOGICALREVOLUTION

idealofImperium.

THEEVOLUTIONOFEVOLUTION49

fulfilled. wSeebelow. 15

St.Louis,1904;Boston,1906,ii,644.

OTHEBIOLOGICALREVOLUTION

mathematicallaws. denessences.

THEEVOLUTIONOFEVOLUTION51

complextothesimpleabsolutely. thanthetipofHuxleyspencilcase.

52THEBIOLOGICALREVOLUTION

THEEVOLUTIONOFEVOLUTION53

Naudin,aFrenchbotanist,in1852.

18Vol.ii,ch.i.

10Ed.1872,vol.h*7ch.34,note.

20SeeH.F.Osbora,FromtheCreelstoDaiwin.

54THEBIOLOGICALREVOLUTION

moveisan"innerlocomotivepower/ marryingLadyConstance,

22Tancred,JohnLaneed.,14^49.

THEEVOLUTIONOFEVOLUTION55

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