Untitled
i. 1859: Tristan and Isolde. 231. 5. The School of Romanticism. 242. 3. The "Ring* and ihe Book. *57. 4. The Master Thinker of Bayreuth.
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FROM-THELIBRARYOF
TWNITYCOLLEGETORONTO
THECOMPLETEWORKS
OFFRIEDRICHNIETZSCHE
EDITEDBY
DROSCARLEVY
VOLUMEONK
THEBIRTHOFTRAGEDY
FirstEdition1500Copies
SecondEdition1500Copies
ThirdEditionpublishedMay1923
2500Copies
ofwhichthisisNo.5.15
FRIEDRICHNIETZSCHE
THEBIRTHOFTRAGEDY
ORHELLENISMANDPESSIMISM
TRANSLATEDBY
WM.A.HAUSSMANN,PH.D.
LONDON:GEORGEALLENWUNWINLTD.
RUSKINHOUSE,40MUSEUMSTREET,W.C.i
NEWYORK:THEMACMILLANCOMPANY
DFirstpublishedinEnglish1909
reserved]CONTENTS.
PAGEBIOGRAPHICALINTRODUCTIONvii
ANATTEMPTATSELF-CRITICISM--i
FOREWORDTORICHARDWAGNER-19
THEBIRTHOFTRAGEDY--21
INTRODUCTION.*
FREDERICKNIETZSCHEwasbornatRockennear
Ltitzen,inthePrussianprovinceofSaxony,on
thei5thofOctober1844,at10a.m.Theday happenedtobetheanniversaryofthebirthofAltenburg,Elizabeth,GrandDuchessofOlden
tohiswittyandpioussovereign.Themeeting fatherreceivedhislivingatRocken "bysupremeLudovicL
VlllINTRODUCTION.
ceremonyhespokeasfollows: "Thoublessed monthofOctober!formanyyearsthemost andmostgloriousofthemallbybaptisingmy littleboy!Oblissfulmoment!Oexquisite festival!Ounspeakablyholyduty!IntheLordsnameIblessthee!Withallmyheart
Iutterthesewords:Bringmethis,mybeloved
child,thatImayconsecrateituntotheLord.Myson,FrederickWilliam,thusshaltthoube
namedonearth,asamementoofmyroyal benefactoronwhosebirthdaythouwastborn! "Ourfatherwasthirty-oneyearsofage,andour
mothernotquitenineteen,whenmybrotherwas born.Ourmother,whowasthedaughterofa whicheveryonewaspleasedtoobserveinthem. andquitetheoldstyleofcomfortablecountry certainlynothavemetwithhisendasearlyashe didthatistosay,beforehisseventiethyearif asevereandfatalcold.Inregardtoourgrand-INTRODUCTION.ix
allthatcanbesaidis,thatifallGermanwomen werepossessedofthehealthsheenjoyed,theGermannationwouldexcelallothersfromthe
all.Itissaidthatthesightoftheseeleven wasnotbyanymeansallsunshine.Eachofthe itwasthereforenosimplemattertokeepthemin order.Moreover,thoughtheyalwaysshowedthe parentsevenasmiddle-agedmenandwomen averyoldfamily,whohadbeenextensiveland andamagnificentseatnearZeitzinPacht.When shemarried,herfathergavehercarriagesand horses,acoachman,acook,andakitchenmaid, whichforthewifeofaGermanministerwasthen, andisstill,somethingquiteexceptional.Asa resultofthewarsinthebeginningofthenine lostthegreaterpartofhisproperty.XINTRODUCTION.
whomthreediedyoung.Ourgrandfatheronthis man;hissecondwifeourbelovedgrandmother good-naturedwoman.Thewholeofourfathers family,whichIonlygottoknowwhentheywere wastheyoungestson,and,thankstohisun gifts,whichonlytendedtobecomemoremarked ashegrewolder,hewasquitethefavouriteof thefamily.Blessedwithathoroughlysound constitution,asallaverredwhoknewhimatthe andrealmusicaltalent,andwasmoreoveramanINTRODUCTION.xi
breakdowninTurin.ThefamilytraditionwasNietzky)hadobtainedthespecialfavourof
AugustustheStrong,KingofPoland,andhad
receivedtherankofEarlfromhim.When,how oursupposedancestorbecameinvolvedinaconHewassentencedtodeath;but,takingflight,
whogavehimasmallpostinanobscurelittle provincialtown.Occasionallyouragedaunts andwordsalwaysseemedtofailthemwhenthey goodbreeding,andvigour.Ourancestors,both ontheNietzscheandtheOehlerside,werevery accompaniedhome,hewasmetatthedooroftheXliINTRODUCTION.
stonesofthevicaragecourtyard.Asaresultof months,hediedonthe3OthofJuly1849.The spreadgloomoverthewholeofourchildhood.In1850ourmotherwithdrewwithustoNaumburg
ontheSaale,whereshetookupherabodewithour widowedgrandmotherNietzsche;andthereshe which,besidesbeingtypicaloftheperiod,was thathemusthavebeentakenforapeasant-boy throughouthischildhoodandyouth,ashewasso whattomodifyhisrobustappearance.Hadhenot expressiveeyes,however,andhadhenotbeenso atallremarkableabouttheboy;forhewasboth modestandreserved.INTRODUCTION.xiii
IntheautumnofI858,whenhewasfourteenyears
thescholarsithasproduced.There,too,very fromthepupils,withtheviewofinuringthemto shouldberememberedthathespeaksfromexperi enceinthisrespect.AtPfortahefollowedthe regularschoolcourse,andhedidnotenterauni competentjudgesweredoubtfulastowhetherhe becausehehadallowedthemtogrowforsuchaOfcoursethiswasdoneamidgeneralandgraveex
XIVINTRODUCTION.
tionofhimasastudent:withhishealthycomThoughasachildhewasalwaysratherserious,
asaladandamanhewaseverinclinedtoseethe everythinghesaidordid,waspermeatedbyan extraordinaryharmony.Hebelongedtothevery fewwhocouldcontrolevenabadmoodandconceal itfromothers.Allhisfriendsareunanimousin laughthatseemedtocomefromtheverydepths beingwhoinbodyandspiritwasaharmonious withhisuncommonbodilystrength.Theonlyabnormalthingabouthim,andsome
inhisschooldays.INTRODUCTION.XV
IntheautumnofI864,hebeganhisuniversity
attheendofsixmonthshegaveuptheology,andRitschltotheUniversityofLeipzig.Therehe
ledge.Butinthisrespectitwouldbeunfairto excellentteachersscholarsthatwouldhave intendingtotakeupphilologyasastudy,more onthisverysubjectthat,onthe18thJanuary missedtheplebeiansofhistimeintermsofthe wasalwayssodeartomybrother,thusrevealed causeofRitschlsrecognitionofmybrotherand fondnessforhim.ThewholeofhisLeipzigdaysprovedofthe
bXVIINTRODUCTION.
utmostimportancetomybrotherscareer.There hewasplungedintotheverymidstofatorrent ablemediuminthefieryyouth,andtowhichhe eagerlymadehimselfaccessible.Hedidnot, encountered,andselectedaccordingly.Itis whenthematuredmindthrewoffthesefettersin ordertoworkoutitsownsalvation.Theinfluencesthatexercisedpoweroverhim
but,asamatteroffact,whatconcernedhimmost wastoobtainawideviewofthingsingeneral, andthishehopedtoderivefromthatscience; thoroughwayofgoingtowork,servedhimonly asameanstoanend. inthewinterof1865-66,acompletelynew,and hewasverydowncast;fortheexperiencesthat hadbefallenhimduringhisoneyearofstudent lifeinBonnhaddeeplydepressedhim.HehadINTRODUCTION.xvii
soaghtatfirsttoadapthimselftohissurround themtohisloftyviewsonthings;butboththese effortsprovedvain,andnowhehadcometoLeipzigwiththepurposeofframinghisown
manneroflife.Itcaneasilybeimaginedhow thefirstreadingofSchopenhauersTheWorldnsWillandIdeaworkeduponthisman,stillsting
ments.Hewrites: "HereIsawamirrorin whichIespiedtheworld,life,andmyownnature boththeparentandtheeducatorthroughour fathersuntimelydeath,hebegantoregard enchantedhim.Fromthefirsthewasnever blindtothefaultsinhismasterssystem,andin proofofthiswehaveonlytorefertoanessayhe wroteintheautumnof1867,whichactuallyconNow,intheautumnof1865,tothesetwo
influencewasaddedonewhichwastoprovethe strongesteverexercisedovermybrotheranditWagner.HewasintroducedtoWagnerbythe
Foryears,thatistosay,fromthetimeBillows
XV111INTRODUCTION.
hadappeared,hehadalreadybeenapassionate admirerofWagnersmusic;butnowthatthe will,mybrotherfeltthathewasinthepresence ofabeingwhomhe,ofallmodernmen,resembled mostinregardtoforceofcharacter.Again,inthecaseofRichardWagner,my
themanspersonality,andcouldonlyregardhis worksandviewsasanexpressionoftheartists wholebeing,despitethefactthathebynomeansMybrotherwasthefirstwhoevermanifested
Wagner,andhewasalsothefirstofthatnumer
ousbandofyoungfollowerswhoultimatelyin scribedthetwogreatnamesupontheirbanner.WhetherSchopenhauerandWagnereverreally
paintedofthem,bothinhislettersandother writings,isaquestionwhichwecannolonger answerintheaffirmative.Perhapswhathesaw inthemwasonlywhathehimselfwishedtobe someday.Theamountofworkmybrothersucceededin
seemsalmostincredible.Whenweexaminehis recordfortheyears186567,wecanscarcely ataguessnoonewouldhesitatetosuggestfour yearsatleast.Butinthosedays,ashehimselfINTRODUCTION.xix
bear.Heknewneitherwhatheadachesnorin wassogladatthethoughtofbecomingasoldier intheforthcomingautumnof1867;forhewas particularlyanxioustodiscoversomemeansof utmostmentalandphysicalfreshness,wasthe crackrideramongtherecruitsofhisyear,and wassincerelysorrywhen,owingtoanaccident, hewascompelledtoleavethecoloursbeforethe completionofhisservice.Asaresultofthis accidenthehadhisfirstdangerousillness.Whilemountinghishorseoneday,thebeast,
whichwasanuncommonlyrestiveone,suddenly againstthepommelofthesaddle,threwhimto theground.Mybrotherthenmadeasecond attempttomount,andsucceededthistime,not andtorntwomusclesinhischest,andhadseri ouslybruisedtheadjacentribs.Forawholedayquotesdbs_dbs46.pdfusesText_46
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