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Droits d'auteur € Facultde droit, Section de droit civil, Universitd'Ottawa,1994 This document is protected by copyright law. Use of the services of 'rudit (including reproduction) is subject to its terms and conditions, which can be viewed online. This article is disseminated and preserved by 'rudit. promote and disseminate research.

Volume 24, Number 4, December 1993URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/1056819arDOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/1056819arSee table of contentsPublisher(s)'ditions Wilson & Lafleur, inc.ISSN0035-3086 (print)2292-2512 (digital)Explore this journalCite this article

Revue g€n€rale de droit 24
(4), 571...579. https://doi.org/10.7202/1056819ar

Article abstract

Possession of status is one of the most ancient means of proof of filiation. Today, however, it serves mainly to consolidate a filiation already established by the birth certificate. Has it thereby lost its function of autonomous proof of terms but criticizable in its rationale, seems to limit this role to that of judicial extrajudicial evidence of filiation ?

579 995

! "Pr a te Ca r o o eLaposeesia n d" é"tid:u ms mapr: ms dvcrsaer:u mv::""#$%9#5%

LaCCoCCuar ad C"p"eC uC aro ad "lo saC"

prtuor" soprC ad émaad ad dunup"uar.

Eabpci la,ofomi u" ComfoC spurnc "a

tarCanubp"o p dunup"uar pnmopbc oC"pvnuClob vc "lo vum"l tom"udutp"o.

FpC u" "lomovc naC" u"C dert"uar ad

pe"arasaeC émaad ad dunup"uarj geMvot C 5aem" ad 7ééopni ur p

2eb3sor" "lp" uC tammot" ur u"C orpt"ur3

"omsC ve" tmu"utuQpvno ur u"C mp"uarpnoi

CoosC "a nusu" "luC mano "a "lp" ad

2ebutupn ofuborto ad dunup"uar. (r

geMvot4C np,i uCr1" éaCCoCCuar ad

C"p"eC pnCa o9"mp2ebutupn ofuborto ad

dunup"uar j 9&'& )p éaCCoCCuar b1 M"p" oC" er boC éneC prtuorC saboC bo émoefo bo np dunup"uar. 7e2aembàleu toéorbpr"i onno

Com" Cem"ae" I tarCanubom ero dunup"uar

bM2I M"pvnuo épm ô pt"o bo rpuCCprto.

7S"Sonno éaem pe"pr" éombe Cp dart"uar

bo émoefo pe"araso bo np dunup"uarj )p 5aem b1pééon be geMvoti bprC er 2e3osor" tammot" bprC Car buCéaCu"udi spuC tmu"uxepvno bprC Car mpuCarrosor"i Cosvno nusu"om to m?no

I toneu bo émoefo 2ebutupumo bo np

dunup"uar. Dr bmau" xeMvMtauCi np

éaCCoCCuar b1M"p" r oC"Sonno épC peCCu

er sabo bo émoefo o9"mp2ebutupumo bo np dunup"uar j''#9 :apmit:rp $%& ' Joyoao %(

5799 Lapaoa 79Lseis nd"dét:s us uémrv

Pr a t e C o n a ce rLa Courd"ap" eola dsdtém" e" n".Edtn"d e" Cobtut pEcECi Cu ,fdd"ddEfa

eobtut u Cfa.t"m,d btb C" ,nEapE,uC mfe" e" ,n"lc" e" Cu ,ut"naEtbvF j ebgult e" ebmfadtnutEfa eEn"pt" fl e" ebpCunutEfa fggEpE"CC"i Cou,,un"ap" guEduEt "a "gg"t ,n"lc" e" Cobtuti Cu cbnEtb ugg"ptEc" CuEdduat ,nbdlm"n C" CE"a rEfCf.EMl"F 5l7fln2 eo3lEi mQm" dE C" cmus rer: ui ids uttnErl" tfl7flnd la n(C" ,nfrutfEn" 4 Cu ,fd2 d"ddEfa eobtuti dfa Em,fntuap" ,nutEMl" "dt 4 p" tEtn" r"ulpfl, mfEaen"F LCC" aofggn" "a "gg"t aE ColtECEtb eola" ,n"lc" ,nbpfadtEtlb"i aE Cu p"ntEtle" e" Cu ebmfadtnutEfa dpE"atEgEMl"F'& oémrv us :t tr::s àIF ô" ,nfrCém" "dt dEm,C" S xa" mén" nbpCum" e" p"ClE Mlo"CC" ,nbt"ae Qtn" C" ,én" e" dfa "aguati la" ,"adEfa uCEm"atuEn" e"dtEab"

4 du gECC"F j Cou,,lE e" du e"muae"i "CC" m"t "a ,n"lc" Coupt" e" auEdduap" e" p"tt"

e"naEén" S C" ebg"ae"ln s "dt ebdE.ab pfmm" btuat C" ,én"F )"ClE?pE nb,CEMl" ul mfs"a eola" n"MlQt" "a gulD EapEe"at "t "a n"ptEgEputEfa e"d n".Edtn"d e" Cobtut pEcECF

1C ebdEn" Ml" dfa afm dfEt bCEmEab e" Coupt" e" auEdduap" ,lEdMloEC aobtuEt ,ud ,nb2

d"at Cfnd e" Co"an".Edtn"m"at e" Cu auEdduap" "t aoucuEt ,ud pfad"atE 4 p" Ml" dfa afm u,,unuEdd" ul tEtn"F ô"d e"lD n"MlQt"d dfat nblaE"d ,fln gEa eo"aMlQt" "t eoul2 eEtEfa "t gfat Cofr7"t e" e"lD 7l."m"atd eEdtEaptd n"aeld C" mQm" 7fln ,un Co3faf2 nurC" 7l." qbnuCe èsua e" Cu )fln dl,bnE"ln"F ôu n"MlQt" "a n"ptEgEputEfa "dt uppl"ECCE" "t C" afm el ebg"ae"lni rEggb e" Coupt" e" auEdduap"F ôu e"muae" uCEm"a2 tuEn" "dt tflt e" mQm" uppfneb"F ô" 7l." e" Cu )fln dl,bnE"ln" ebpEe" "a "gg"t Ml" C" ebgult e" tEtn" "dt pfm,"adb ,un la" ,fdd"ddEfa pfadtuat" eobtut MlE bturCEt Cu ,ut"naEtb el ebg"ae"lnF Afntb "a u,,"Ci p" 7l."m"at "dt EagEnmbF ôu )fln eou,,"Ci euad la" pflnt" ebpEdEfa nbeE.b" ,un Co3fafnurC" 7l." yEp3fCdi douttuMl" ul gfae"2 m"at mQm" el 7l."m"at e" Cu )fln dl,bnE"ln"F LCC" ebpEe" Mlo4 ebgult eola" n"pfaauEdduap" cfCfatuEn" e" Cu ,unt el ,nbt"ael ,én"i Cu ,ut"naEtb ulnuEt e8 Qtn" bturCE" 7leEpEuEn"m"atF êni C" n"pflnd Eat"atb a" cEduEt ,ud CobturCEdd"m"at 7leEpEuEn" e" Cu gECEutEfai muEd laEMl"m"at CofptnfE eola" ,"adEfa uCEm"atuEn"F h"Cfa Cu )fln eou,,"Ci Cu )fln dl,bnE"ln" u n"pfaal la enfEt uCEm"atuEn" dln Cu rud" eola" dEm,C" ,n"lc" ért trs e" Cu gECEutEfai p" MlE d"nuEt EauemEddErC"F)0-# 0&

4#&$0vF )o"dt "a "gg"t eourfne 4 tEtn" e" ,nbdfm,tEfa Ml" Cu ,fdd"ddEfa eobtut u btb n"t"al" ,un

C" enfEtF ô" msdtén" "atflnuat C" efmuEa" e" Cu ,nfpnbutEfa u "a "gg"t tfl7flnd frCE.b C" enfEt e"

Cu gECEutEfa 4 d" pfat"at"n e" ,n"lc"d ,Cld fl mfEad u,,nfDEmutEc"dF AunmE p"CC"d?pEi Cu ,fdd"ddEfa eobtut u Cfa.t"m,d btb 7l.b" pfmm" Cola" e"d ,Cld "ggEpup"dF An"auat nupEa" euad C" MlftEeE"ai punuptbnEdb" ,un la" p"ntuEa" elnb"i "CC" tnuelEt la" cbnEtb ugg"ptEc" MlE pfnn"d,fae .babnuC"m"at

4 Cu cbnEtb rEfCf.EMl" "t CuEdd" ,nbdlm"n C" CE"a e" gECEutEfaF ôEn" 4 p" dl7"t S 5F

Joyoal,o

o, Ma sip û ).i a i.ai ô"cEut3uai AunEdi AFxF9Fi vàà:F+.i )a pa i ;vàà:< èF=F>F v?v: @)FhFA EagF ,un ;vààI< èF=F>F BCv @)F5FAF

579La possession d"état : un mode de preuve méconnuPra tteCo na c r e l u e c a r sa c i e i t a tLaCCo uo radu"peo ul Lads télmmoun. ul soEoblc"u"i, to ul sofdvio lu"F

Coeil"so ori Eaet"i"aeeouuo j ul t,Caerisli"ae to ul mliose"i, td t,goetodsM Léori oe oggoi de"fdoCoei j Eo i"iso fdo Eo tose"os modi lba"s deo acu"pli"ae lu"Coeil"so j ué,plst to ul g"uuo to ul sofd,sleioM prima acie to ul g"u"li"aeM ôouae uo )dpo S"E9aur.2o )dpoCoei to msoC"7so "erileEo l mads oggoi to u"os uélmmoulei oe uélcroeEo CvCo to soEaeel"rrleEo bauaeil"so rler Es,os téacu"pli"ae s,E"msafdo. Els uo u"oe to g"u"lF i"ae eéori mlr ,ilcu" )dt"E"l"soCoeiM."! Joyal ,ly to g"u"li"aeM?2l Lads télmmou "ebafdo. j uélmmd" to rae sl"raeeoCoei. Eosil"er EaCF Coeil"sor to ué5gg"Eo to s,b"r"ae td Lato E"b"uDM q"er". ld rd)oi to uélsi"Euo è?A td

u"bso yy td msa)oi to Lato E"b"u. ué5gg"Eo to s,b"r"ae ,Es"bl"i EoE" 8Ie uélcroeEo to ms,raCmi"ae to mliose"i,. Eéoriêjêt"so tler deo r"idli"ae ah uéoeglei

eo el3i mlr moetlei uo Cls"lpo to rl C7so ad tler uor isa"r Eoeir )adsr to ul t"rraF udi"ae to Eo Cls"lpo. ul g"u"li"ae mlioseouuo modi viso ,ilcu"o. EaCCo tler uo tsa"i lEidou. ra"i bauaeil"soCoei mls uo m7so. y yylyoa y l yaJ Jlo oylûlu9odsodroCoei. uo rQri7Co rds uofdou msoet lmmd" uo sl"raeeoCoei to ul Lads télmmou eéori mlr Eoud" ltami, mls uo ode civi du uéec Ie oggoi. uo u,p"ruliods to 9A:è eél mlr soioed ul mudmlsi tor rdppori"aer to ué5gg"Eo oe Cli"7sonM mM à:4M&y ; 2o )dpoCoei to msoC"7so "erileEo l mads oggoi to u"os uélmmoulei oe uélcroeEo CvCo to soEaeel"rrleEo bauaeil"so rler Es,os téacu"pli"ae s,E"msafdo. Els uo u"oe to g"u"li"ae

eéori mlr ,ilcu" )dt"E"l"soCoei "u ori gasi marr"cuo fdéde )dpo rl"r" tédeo toCleto oe soE9osE9o to *0?

>A)5799 Lapaoa 79Lseis nd"dét:s us uémrv Pr atetCotncl uste C irit er oror Pr rioCtc Cioter ncricCco eC irnccCtCcr nencoCtir te csC CiP ct er eCc P Ctoir ct eC Ptotcotnc rirr rcoir esoC etrrco ro er irr Pr eC atetCotncl ! cmus rer: ui ids itr rc raaro r eC nrtnc PsoCo Co otoir % PaCo Pr ret"tl ,no nr esCor Pr cCtCcr n eC inotnc Pr Coricto eC nrtnc PsoCo Pncoir Pnc eC atetCotnc ro ro cnoCrco -oir tcn r C notrc Pscr ieC Cotnc C.Cco ni ancPrrco esrtorcr Psc ore etrc Pr atetCotncl/% 0 && 1 &2% -""%34 &5# &* 6 7 8 %, 7.$ 1 &91! -6 1##61 -8 l :nti Ciol *(("*') 6ll;l <&')= Ciol *+9"*+ 6ll;l <&&= ro Ciol +()"+(+ P LaCCour d"u pe lose témép s" n".Eet d"Cuab cnor 'l&) >2+56 % r #ro Joyao Jl,lyl ? soCet

rrco ro er raaro rinccre Pr eC atetCotnc renc eC ent rer P 2& Ci &'( @ A&'(B cii, &&* l &+l&& >*'(*''6;<&')=*2)*2& 6;<&&=

&+ >*26;<&')=*296;<&&= &2 >*'(6;<&')=*2)6;<&&=:fuoér se pa Fajéppe A&+B L,f,7, 9+' <6lul=l&5 >*(+6;<&')=*+2 6;<&&= &* >*'6;<&')=*2+ 6;<&&= &9 C,l ro 8l , l yll 2uaér. se suoér témépb pa Fajéppeb 4Cit lDl8lCl &'22)

575La possession d"état : un mode de preuve méconnuPra tteCCo na 9 9 La CourduCa "aper palsap pt Ce""a""uer émn.t. énEer.oa pt buput.uer ar

pmtc"arda émsr .u.oa ra Ce"a tsdsra éubbudsp.n émtCCpudt.uer peo"lsa dappaidu a". n,uéar.af vu éaCsu" pt rtu""trdaF pa Con.arés Cjoa "ma". lse.uéuarraEar. eddsCn éa pmarbtr. deEEa "mup n.tu. "er CoeCoa bup" es "t CoeCoa buppa a. "u g pt beu" pt btEuppa a. pmar.esotMa pa der"uéjoar. Cjoa éa pmarbtr.F pt Ce""a""uer émn.t. a". dptuoaEar. n.tcpua a. énEer.oa pt buput.uer Ct.aorappaf La Con.arés CjoaF lsu "a "aotu. derésu. tur"u Cto deECptu"trda a. pa oaMoa..aotu.F éa,otu. éerd ur.ar.ao sra td.uer ar der.a"5 .t.uer émn.t. Ceso urbuoEao "t Ct.aoru.n72f#$%& +*!,"/0

12+* 0

(+*3!,".45 +*6!,".6!,7! 1 +*8 6$ !7# 9$9$: .";!,72f (o.f xhh Qfdf? a. to.f x;7 QfdfA Qfvf 7;7>F Cf 7;7Bf C êa pmt,u" és DoucsrtpF up oa""eo.E' 3F'

E!G H!, I .-/$<=!,,!?$

J loll up a". dao.turaEar. Ce""ucpaF étr" pa der.a9.a 1souéulsa a. "edutp td.sapF lsa

pmarbtr. ra Ceo.a Ct" pa reE és Cjoa es éa pt Ejoa lsmup Con.aré t,euo es lsa "t onCs.t.uer rmtu.

Ct" pt beoda lsmer a"Cnotu.f Lt .oupeMua .otéu.uerrappa rmt éerd ouar éa rnda""tuoaF appa t "aspaEar.

pa Enou.a éa Ea..oa ar psEujoa pa" npnEar." reoEts9 éa pt Ce""a""uer émn.t.f

5799 Lapaoa 79Lseis nd"dét:s us uémrv

PraPteCro nCc lussiloc aC PnPuoPir CrolC nCruro Co nCc sClcirrCc airo ir nC aPo Pcce Cc PraPCc ircoPoeoPc aC nu siccCccPir aouo aiPCro air olC rilCe C iaC PPn luruPc Cr ce!!"lC ClouPrc# nu aiolPrC teiPcC nCc lCslCra $n cu!Po ae ri %"mcs"&# ae oluPoCCro %vétvtvi& Co aC nu lseouoPir tct& C sl' oCrae s"lC aiPo air oluPoCl nCruro iC cPn ouPo nC cPCr# Co ( nu iPc nu uPnnC Co nCroielu!C aiPCro ircPalCl nCruro iC nC Pnc ie nu PnnC ae sloCrae sulCro"# -*.#C teP PsiloC# aurc nu ciC anCroc ircoPoeoPC aC nu siccCccPir aouo rCco suc ouro nu ruoelC aCc PraPCc teP nu isicCro teC nu urP"lC airo Pnc nuPlCro nu cPoeuoPir ( ounPl /0 u siccCccPir aouo slcCroC CooC lCulteunC suloPenulPo teC nouo# nu cPoeuoPir ( ounPl# c1 olieC CrPcu! ciec oiec nCc ur!nCc siccPnCc 2 ae siPro aC eC aC nProlCcc# nCruro aurc nu PnPuoPir# ae siPro aC eC aCc sulCroc# aC nu uPnnC# ae PnPCe ciPun# ue siPro aC eC ilun ueccP PCr teC ciec er ur!nC uolPCn Cc siProc aC eC cC lC!liesCro# +uer irolPeCro uPrcP ( ulaPoCl nCc ueolCc /0 3PrcP Cco*C# cCnC*o*Pn# CooC aPClcPo anuPlu!Cc teP airrC oieo cir

Prolo ( nu siccCccPir aouo# uPcCue aPraPCc45C snec# nC iaC PPn CP!C aC nu siccCccPir aouo teCnnC ciPo irc'

ouroC6 7nnC aiPo air# cCnir nu aiolPrC nuccPteC# lCiroCl ( nu ruPccurC Co olC aerC aelC uccC8 nir!eC siel olC cP!rPPuoPC9 C oCsc :e! rCccuPlC ( cu ircoPoeoPir Cco oieoCiPc aC snec Cr snec ielo;

aC PCl erC aelC PrPunC CPcoCrC aerC siccCccPir aouo lCn"C aer La Cou rd"per l stt r lé m u siccCccPir aouo aCruro =# % >;6& ;, Joya l,a ,a
ya 46> 3, * , *?,, na.a Esb d c l tié ,l y# oiC # )irolun# @+ilCo# A>9# s >6 B E a, apfcviFttsé , ,l o o C a# CeC# > # s 6AB E nsd F c lé

o )irolun# A# s A, na.a Esb d c l tié a la rioC # s >6 5 ueolCc n Croc sCeCro air olC ircP'

alc 3PrcP nu iniro aCc sulCroc a uiPl er Cruro Co aC nC ircPalCl i C nC nCel Cco suliPc slPcC Cr ircPaluoPir FPCr cGl# CooC iniro Cco P snPPoC Cro PrnecC aurc nC oluPoCCro )uPc

aC snec Cr snec cieCro# nu PnPuoPir aC nCruro Cco aPceoC unilc teC C aClrPCl Cco Cr uc H!C$ ( er i Cro iI nCc uPoc teP nu irc'

oPoeCro rC ciro suc CrilC cePcu Cro ircouroc J u iniro CslCcc Cro CslP C sul nCc s"lC Co "lC ie sul ner a Ce sCeo olC er n Cro P silouro Co er !u!C aC siccCccPir a ouo eoelC = ? iPl2 frtru jFié ga LrMF5é ,a 7l Fip2FsttF5 Co 3cj5lvvFpCsr lé l lo ol l,oo# ;,# s 44
teioPaPCrrC Cro eC ?iPl ( C ce:Co ,l o o # / >> 0 -EC ,4, %K&4 La Cou rd"per l sttr lé a la rioC # s 49;# iPl ueccP E 7clvF5 Co 5 7l F ip

2FsttF5é a la rioC 9# s ;6 36;C% >A&6,C% >> &

9 Ensd F c lé a la rioC # ss 9*; ?iPl ,l o o ,# rioC ,; ?,l o o ,# rioC ,B ,l o o ! !#/ >>0-ECA6%3&

577La possession d"état : un mode de preuve méconnuPra tteLaCLourL dL "pelC CstoeC é rmpnn.Ebeplesa dt l.eutaprc ip dt.EL LCl ta dL bLt,fréc

v LrrL CLtrLF LrrL aL Cejae"eL .eLag LrrL le.L La L""Ll Csa CLaC dLC be.bsaClpabLC Mte rmLalst.Lalc 57edLooLalF CpaC aEbLCCpe.LoLal p7se. ElE eaealL..sontLF rp nsCCLC2 Cesa dmElpl aL nLtl 3l.L EneCsdeMtL st ealL.oellLalLc QsooL rmEb.el opdpoL (L4paaL 1sCCsa é n.snsC dt d.sel uLrjLF 9 rLC "pelC Ct. rLCMtLrC LrrL .LnsCL dse7Lal CmEb4LrsaaL. dpaC rL lLonC )àIc ôr "ptd.p aslL. 9 taL nL.CE7E.pabL dpaC rmealLalesa dsal rLC "pelC sal ElE rp opae"LClplesa )àSc.roit de a amie F rp n.Lt7L Elpel oeabLc imLa"pal p ns.lE rL aso dL rmealeoE La 7L.lt dmta pblL dL apeCCpabL Mte p LaCtelL ElE .Lble"eEc ?a CLtr lEosejapjL ns.lL Ct. rp .Entlplesac Da"eaF rLC oLatC bpdLpt, Ll rLC bso2 otaebplesaC Cns.pdeMtLC Lal.L rmLa"pal Ll Csa n.ElLadt nq.L nLt7Lal ptCCe ueLa 3l.L taL dEosaCl.plesa dmpoeleE MtL rp opae"LClplesa dmta .pnns.l dL np.LalEc iL "pel MtL rp .LMtE.palL pel Lt dLC .LrplesaC CL,tLrrLC p7Lb rmealeoE é rmEnsMtL n.supurL dL bsabLnlesa CpaC p7se. Lt dmptl.LC np.lLape.LC amLCl npC nL.leaLalc ôr lLad La L""Ll é n.st7L. de.LblLoLal rp nplL.aelEF nrtlèl MtL rp nsCCLCCesa dmElplc314!5 6$! 2# 78,
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5799 Lapaoa 79Lseis nd"dét:s us uémrv

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579La possession d"état : un mode de preuve méconnuPr atteCo n c l u sio nLa Cour d"appel est résolument prudente. En l"absence d"un titre

démontrant la paternité, elle favorise l"action d"état. Forcer ainsi le débat judiciaire a l"avantage d"éviter des contestations futures et des décisions superficielles. Mais la Cour d"appel, niant les articles 572 et 573 C.c.Q. (art. 523 et 524 C.c.Q. 1991), privilégie à outrance l"acte de naissance au détriment des autres modes de preuve. Ils sont relégués au rang de simples preuves judiciaires, utiles lors des réclamations d"état., 01 12 *113 1.+4 . 5( $ 6/ 17/ 8quotesdbs_dbs47.pdfusesText_47

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