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MountainForestand

Range

ExperimentStation

ForestService

U.S.

DepartmentofAgriculture

FortCollins,Colorado80521USDA

ForestService

General

TechnicalReportRM-43

Importance,PreservationandManagement

ofRiparianHabitat:

ASymposium

Tucson,ArizonaJuly9,1977

This file was created by scanning the printed publication. Errors identified by the software have been corrected; however, some errors may remain.

Foreword

The material offered in this symposium is

both urgently needed and late in coming. Only in very recent years have scientists and mana gers begun to shift their perspective on riverine systems away from localized, single practice values toward a broader, more coopera tive and ecological set of approaches.

The dearth of relative and detailed his

toric data on riparian habitats is lamentable.

We begin investigations on a complex and

closely interwoven ecosystem without a reliable baseline. Much of our knowledge to date focuses on the aftermath of decades of abuse. But armed with this hindsight, we are beginning to collect, organize and apply hard data to difficult problems. What percentage of breeding birds are dependent on riparian habitat? How much grazing is too much? How many species of plants occur only in riverine ecosystems?

We have begun the long and expensive task

of quantifying our generalities about the riparian habitat, so that we can offer valid alternatives to managers in their attempts to preserve the scant remnants of what was once a vast network of thriving and varied habitats.

Agencies and individuals that favored

cutting, grazing, damming, and channelizing were opposed by those who favored preserving intact areas that supported unique plant and animal species, or were of high recreational or esthetic value. We are beginning to reevaluate both these polarized positions, realizing that entire riverine systems cannot be solely maintained for a single interest, whether it be water salvage or the remnant population of a species endangered by our activities.

This symposium stresses the continuity

and interrelationships of riparian ecosystems, their wildlife and vegetation, historic and current uses. We have designed this proceedings to bring together material that represents the current state of knowledge, and to point out directions for the next critical steps in the interlocking problems of research and manage ment.

This symposium and its proceedings evolved

after much planning. Some individuals on the steering committee have discussed a symposium such as this for several years. However, with riparian research and management still in its infancy, only recently has a good symposium seemed possible. Even now many of the prominant researchers and managers whom we contacted during the preparation of the symposium felt that their grasp of the workings of riparian ecosystems was still inadequate. We found research projects and management plans devel oping as rapidly as the state of the art allows in the western United States, especially the arid Southwest. And although subjects such as river recreation are developing rapidly in the eastern United States (see Proceedings, River recreation management and research

January 24-27, 1977, General Technical Report

NC-28, North

Central For. Exp. Stn., Minneapolis,

Minn.) one is hard pressed to find riparian

projects east of the Rocky Mountains, except for those associated with the continuing destruction of even more riverine ecosystems.

We predict that by the early 1980's research

projects currently being planned and undertaken will lead to a vast expansion in the knowledge necessary to properly manage riparian ecosystems.

In 3 to 5 years, a full-scale workshop on

sophisticated means of research, preservation, and management of riparian habitat seems possible.

Today we offer a relatively primitive state of

the art in the "importance, preservation, and management of riparian habitat." If our predic tions are correct, this science will have developed from a newly born discipline into pro gressing maturity within two decades. Far sighted men like the late Douglas C. Morrison, to whose memory this symposium is dedicated, will have played a major role in the birth of scien tific management of riparian habitat.

R. Roy Johnson

USDA Forest Service

General Technical

Report RM-43

Importance, Preservation and

Management of Riparian Habitat:

A Symposium

Tucson, Arizona

July 9, 1977

Technical Coordinators:

R. Roy Johnson

National Park Service

and

Dale A. Jones

USDA Forest Service

Cosponsored by:

Arizona Game and Fish Department

Arizona-New Mexico Section,

The Wildlife Society

Arizona

State University

Bureau

of Land Management

Museum

of Northern Arizona

National Park Service

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

USDA Forest Service

Acknowledgment

We wish to thank the authors of the papers

in this proceedings for their enthusiasm and cooperation. The one day available for the symposium provided insufficient time to present all of the fine papers brought to our attention. "Thus, we are pleased to have several excellent contributed papers published in the same volume with the presented papers. The authors of con tributed as well as presented papers submitted camera-ready manuscripts to expedite their publication. The Bureau of Land Management provided generous financial support for the publication of these papers.

R. Roy Johnson

Senior Research Scientist

National Park Service

u.s. Department of the Interior

Grand Canyon, Arizona 86023

Finally, we acknowledge those who assisted

with the mechanics of organizing and conducting a symposium of this scope. The steering com mittee, composed of representatives from the sponsoring agencies listed, assisted in organ izing and publicizing the symposium. And the fact that you are able to read these papers so shortly after the symposium is due largely to the combined efforts of the authors and the

Publications Group, Rocky Mountain Forest and

Range Experiment

Station, Fort Collins, Colo

rado. To all of these we owe our sincere thanks.

Dale A. Jones

Director of Wildlife Management

Forest Service

U.S. Department of Agriculture

Washington, D.C. 20013

Abstract

Twelve presented and 15 contributed papers highlight what is known about this unique, diminishing vegetative type: characteristics, classification systems, associated fauna, use conflicts, management alternatives, and research needs. Speakers stressed the continuity and interrelationships of riparian ecosystems, their wildlife and vegetation, historic and current uses.

Contents

SESSION I

Discussion Leader: DaZe Jones

Importance, Preservation and Management of Riparian Habitat: An Overview . • . . . . . . • . . . . • . . • • • . •

Steven W. Carothers

Classification of Riparian Habitat in the Southwest

Charles P. Pase, and Earle F. Layser

Page 2 5

Inventory of Riparian Habitats . . • • . • . • • • . . • • • • • 10

David E. Brown, Neil B. Carmony, and Raymond M. Tzatner Importance of Riparian Ecosystems: Biotic Considerations

John P. Hubbard

Importance of Riparian Ecosystems: Economic Considerations

KeZ M. Fo:r:

Vegetation Structure and Bird Use in the Lower Colorado River Valley . • . . ••.••••.••

Bertin W. Anderson, and Robert D. Ohmart

14 19 Z3 A Riparian Case History: The Colorado River . . • . • • • • • • 35 Robert D. Ohmart, Wayne 0. Deason, and Constance Burke

SESSION II 48

Discussion Leader: Robert Jantzen

Wildlife Conflicts in Riparian Management: Grazing

Charles R. Ames

Wildlife Conflicts in Riparian Management: Water 52

Charles E. Kennedy

Management Alternatives for the Riparian Habitat in the

Southwest ••....••. 59

Gary A. Davis

Endangered Species vs. Endangered Habitats: A Concept • • • • 68 R. Roy Johnson, Lois T. Haight, and James M. Simpson

Riparian Research Needs

David R. Patton

so

Riparian Habitat Symposium: C 1 os i ng Remarks . . • • . • • • • • • • 83

Milo J. Hassell

CONTRIBUTED PAPERS.

84

Classification of Riparian Vegetation 85

Wi Z Ziam A. Dick-Peddie and John P. Hubbard

Fishes Inhabiting the Rio Grande, Texas and Mexico, Between

El Paso and the Pecos Confluence . . . . . 91

Hubbs~ RobePt R. RobePt J.

Kenneth W. Edie GaPy P. GarTett,

Gary L. D. J. and RobePt W. ZePP

An Overview of Riparian Forests in California: Their Ecology and Conservation . • • . . . • • • • . . . • • • 98

Anne and GPeg HOlAJe

Regeneration and Distribution of Sycamore and Cottonwood Trees Along Sonoita Creek,

Santa Cruz County, Arizona

Richard L. Gl.insky

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