[PDF] d AND f-BLOCK ELEMENTS 15-Feb-2019 d-block





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The d- and f- Block Element Block Elements

of the groups 3-12 in which the d orbitals are progressively filled in each of the four long periods. The elements constituting the f -block are those in.



Unit 4: Chemistry of d-block elements

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d AND f-BLOCK ELEMENTS

15-Feb-2019 d-block elements are classified into four series viz 3d 4d



d AND f-BLOCK ELEMENTS

15-Feb-2019 d-block elements are classified into four series viz 3d 4d



The p-Block Elements

Objectives. Diversity in chemistry is the hallmark of p–block elements manifested in their ability to react with the elements of s– d– and f–blocks as.



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characteristic properties of the d-block elements in general



CHEMISTRY (862)

Some p -Block Elements. 12. Organic Chemistry: Some basic Principles and Techniques. Organic Chemistry. 23 Marks. 13. Hydrocarbons.

31.
d AND f BLOCK

ELEMENTS

d-BLOCK ELEMENTS

1. INTRODUCTION

The elements in which the last electron enters (n - 1)d orbitals of the atom are called d-block elements. Also, these

elements lie in between s and p block elements in the long form of the periodic table. So, they are also called

transition elements.

2. ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION AND IRREGULARITIES

1-10 ns 0,1,2 . All the th main shell. Each series 1 10 1 1 10 0 10 1 10 1 ) clearly show 2 Mn 2+ Fe 2 Fe 2+

Vaibhav Krishnan (JEE 2009 AIR 22)

Illustration 1:

(JEE MAIN) Sol:

E.g. Mn

2+ , Sc 0 , Zn 2+ 10

31.2 | d and f-block Elements

Illustration 2:

8 (JEE ADVANCED) +2, + 7 8 +2

3. GENERAL PROPERTIES OF THE TRANSITION METALS

3.1 Atomic and Ionic Radii

(a)

The atomic and ionic radii for transition elements are smaller than their corresponding s-block elements and are greater than their corresponding p-block elements.

(b) 21
Sc to Fe to Zn 17 16 15 14 13 12 11

ScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZn

Atomic radii of element

the period. An increase in ENC favors a decrease in atomic radii, whereas (c) and Hf have (d) Ti 2+ > Ti > Ti Cr 2+ > Cr > Cr > Cr Fe 2+ > Fe (e) Sc 2+ Ti 2+ V 2+ Cr 2- Mn 2+ Fe 2+ Co 2+ Ni 2+ 2+

Illustration 3:

(JEE MAIN) Sol:

Chemistry | 31.3

3.2 Atomic Volume and Density

(a) (b) (c)

The density, however, increases along the period.

(a) (b)

It is evident from that the melting point of transition metals or a given series increases on moving left to right the middle of the period (d

1 to d to d 10 ). An increase 3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500

Melting point (K

Groups123456789101112

(4d-series) (3d-series) (5d-series) LaScY TiZr Hf VCr Fe Mn CoNi Hg Cd Zn

AgAuCuPdNb

Tc Rhlr

RuMoTa

W Re Os lr Pt

3.4 Metallic Character

(a) (b) possess hcp, bcc or ccp crystal lattices. (c) (d) (e)

31.4 | d and f-block Elements

(f) (a) electropositive character than s-block (b) (c) (d) transition elements.

Transition elements

-2 -1 lr

Cu(3d)

Nikhil Khandelwal (JEE 2010 AIR 443)

Illustration 4:

-1

Why? (JEE ADVANCED)

Sol:

MASTERJEE CONCEPTS

Chemistry | 31.5

3.7 Reactivity

(a) (i) (ii) M (s) o M (g) o (g) M (g) M o (aq) M M (s) + H 2 O o (aq) M

0RUHQHJDWLYHWKHYDOXHRI

(aq) M (a) (b) (i) 21
GXHWRV (ii) 22
GXHWRV (iii) GXHWRV (iv)

GXHWRV

(v) GXHWRV

Neeraj Toshniwal (JEE 2009 AIR 21)

Illustration 5:

(JEE ADVANCED) Sol:

MASTERJEE CONCEPTS

31.6 | d and f-block Elements

3.9 Colour

In the s-and p-block elements, there cannot be any d-d transistions and the energy needed to promote the s or p

Table 31.1:

Colour absorbedColour observed

UV region

VioletYellow-green

IndigoYellow

Orange

Red

Yellow-greenViolet

YellowIndigo

Orange

Red

Infra-red

Illustration 6:

, Ag , Zn 2+ , Hg 2+ and Cd 2+ (JEE ADVANCED) Sol: electrons in them and the d-orbital [(n - 1)d 10 n(n2 ) B.M.

Chemistry | 31.7

Illustration 7:

(JEE MAIN) Sol: P P

Aman Gour (JEE 2012 AIR 230)

4. SOME IMPORTANT COMPOUNDS OF d-BLOCK ELEMENTS

4.1 Chromate and Dichromate

(a) 3UHSDUDWLRQ o o (b) (c) (i) o (ii) (iii) o (iv) o (v)

CrOCrOCr

O O O O O O (vi) K 2 Cr 2 O 7 o (vii) o

7KHR[LGDWLRQVWDWHRI&UFKDQJHVIURPWR

MASTERJEE CONCEPTS

31.8 | d and f-block Elements

(d) Uses: ions, etc. (i) (ii) In dyeing chrome tanning, calico printing, photography etc. (iii)

Chromic acid as a cleansing agent for glass ware

2 CO 2 MnO 2MnO 2 2 2K 2 M nO + 2H 2 O 2MnO 2 + 2K 2 CO + O 2K 2 MnO + 2CO 2 2K 2 MnO + Cl 2 2KMnO + 2KCl 2K 2 MnO + H 2 O + O 2KMnO + 2KOH + O 2 2 MnO + 2CO 2 2KMnO + MnO 2 + 2K 2 CO 2 MnO + 2H 2 SO 2KMnO + MnO 2 + 2K 2 SOquotesdbs_dbs12.pdfusesText_18
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