[PDF] THE IMPACT OF UNPLANNED SETTLEMENTS ON EFFICIENCY

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BY

DANIELL.K.BATARE

REG.NO:BEM/11984/61/DF.

INTERNATIONALUNIVERSITY

SUPERVISOR:MSANNETUMUSHABE.

AUGUST,2009.

DECLARATION

forawardofadegreeoritsequivalent.

STUDENT:DANIELLKBATARE

(BEMJ11984/6/DF)

SIGNED

DATE

SUPERVISOR:MSANNETUMUSHABE

SIGNATURE:.~

DATE9.~.J0

DEDICATION

11

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

tocompletethisreportsuccessfully. paperasuccess. methodsasapaper. jurisdictions. andtherestofthecolleagues. finallymadethisreportasuccess.

MayHisgraceandblessingbeuponyouall

111

ACRONYMS

B.O.D:-BiologicalOxygenDemand

CBO:-CommunityBasedOrganization

CMOH-CityMedicalOfficerHealth

ETIA-EpukaTakaImarishaAfya

Q.E.D-QualitylifeEnvironmentalDestiny

UNEP-UnitedNationsEnvironmentalProgram

iv

TABLEOFCONTENTS

DECLARATION

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTjjj

ACRONYMSiv

TABLEOFCONTENTS

LISTOFTABLESviii

LISTOFFIGURESix

LISTOFPLATES

LISTOFMAPS

ABSTRACT

CHAPTERONE

1.1INTRODUCTION1

1.2PROBLEMSTATEMENT2

1.3.0MAINOBJECTIVE4

1.3.1SPECIFICOBJECTIVES4

1.4RESEARCHQUESTIONS4

1.5JUSTIFICATIONOFPROPOSALRESEARCH5

1.6SCOPEOFTHESTUDY5

CHAPTERTWO

2.0LITERATUREREVIEW6

2.1Introduction6

2.2.1Seweragesystems6

2.2.2Poorhousing7

2.2.3Poorurbanplanning8

2.2.4Rapidpopulationincrease9

2.2.5Poorsolidwastemanagement10

2.3.1Communicablediseases10

V

2.3.2Watersourcespollution11

2.4.1Communityinvolvement13

2.4.2Lawsenforcement15

CHAPTERTHREE

3.0METHODOLOGYANDSTUDYAREA16

3.1Introduction16

3.2Descriptionofthestudyarea16

3.3Researchdesign19

3.3.1Samplesizeandsampleselection19

3.4Datacollectiontools20

3.4.1Questionnaires20

3.4.2Photographs20

3.4.3Observation20

3.4.4Secondaryliterature20

3.4.5Interviews20

3.4.6Focusgroupdiscussion20

3.5Dataanalysis21

3.6Problemsexperiencedindatacollection21

CHAPTERFOUR

4.1Introduction22

4.2.1Poorsolidwastemanagement23

4.2.2Liquidwastedisposal26

4.2.3Poorhousing28

vi

4.3EFFECTOFPOORENVIRONMENTALSANITATION33

4.3.1Waterqualityeffects34

4.3.2Healthaffects34

4.3.3Scenicview35

4.3.4Biodiversitydestruction36

4.3.5Othereffects37

4.4.1Lawsandby - law37

4.4.2Communityinvolvement38

CHAPTERFIVE

5.0CONCLUSIONANDRECOMMENDATIONS39

5.1Conclusion39

5.2Recommendations40

5.2.1Solidwastesmanagement40

5.2.2Liquidwastesmanagement40

5.2.3Poorhousing41

5.2.4CommunityEducationandinvolvement41

Reference43

Appendices44

Appendix1:Questimiaires44

vii

LISTOFTABLES

viii

LISTOFFIGURES

ix

LISTOFPLATES

Plate3:ShowingthepopularMirongoriver27

x

LISTOFMAPS

area18 xi

ABSTRACT

beingputinplace. xii

CHAPTERONE

1.1INTRODUCTION

(Ourcommonfuture,1987). scenicvaluesofallmajorcities. electricity.

Kenyaaregoodexamples.

urbanpopulation. 1 electricitytosomeplaces.

1.2PROBLEMSTATEMENT

2 theseeffortsseemtobeineffective. minimizeitinthecity. 3

1.3MAINOBJECTIVE

ofsanitationmanagementinMwanzacity.

1.3.1SPECIFICOBJECTIVES

settlementinMwanzacity. unplannedsettlementsinMwanzacity.

1.4RESEARCHQUESTIONS

settlements? activitiesutilized? activitiesinthecity? 4

1.5JUSTIFICATIONOFPROPOSEDRESEARCH

settlements.

1.6SCOPEOFTHESTUDY

unplannedsettlementsinthecity. 5

CHAPTERTWO

2.0LITERATUREREVIEW

2.1INTRODUCTION

whichTanzaniaisapart.

2.2.1SEWERAGESYSTEMS

millionpeople(Cunningham,2001). andsewerageauthorityreport,2006). 6 infection.(IJNEP,1992pg138).

2.2.2POORHOUSING

America(UNEP,1992;pg134).

respiratoryinfections. population - liveincrowded,unsanitaryslumsofthecentralcitiesandinthevast

Around100millionpeoplehavenohomeatall.

2001pg554).

7 theowner'spermission.

2.2.3POORURBANPLANNING

tarnishthescenicviewoftheCity. 8 abandoninsearchofeconomicopportunity".

2.2.4RAPIDPOPULATIONINCREASE

areas8%andthebirthrateisat4.6. 9

2.2.5POORSOLIDWASTESMANAGEMENT

disposalislessconsidered. resultanthealthyhazards.

2.3EFFECTSOFPOORENVIRONMENTALSANITATION

2.3.1COMMUNICABLEDISEASES

drainageorroads. 10

2.3.2WATERSOURCESPOLLUTION

enterthewaterbodies. 11 receivingbodiesasillustratedbelow: andalgaeintheprocessofphotosynthesis. organismswilldie. andharmlessbacteria.

Sunakarpanda,2003).

12

PROBLEMS

ENVIRONMENTALSANITATIONPROGRAMS

fromthebeginningtotheendoftheprogram. continuetobeused. 13 evenusedproperly. sanitarypracticesanddiseasetransmission. theirownefforts. 14

2.4.2LAWSANDBY-LAWSENFORCEMENT

controlenvironmentalpollutions. discharge". 15

CHAPTERTHREE

3.0METHODOLOGYANDSTUDYAREA

3.1INTRODUCTION

3.2DESCRIPTIONOFTHESTUDYAREA

situatedbetweenlatitudes2°15 - 245justsouthoftheequatorandbetweenlongitudes

32°45° - 38°00East.Ithasanaltitudeof1,140metresaboveseelevel.MwanzaCity

1100 - 1600metersinheight.Thenaturalvegetationconsistsofisolatedtalltrees

scatteredongrassyhills. tworainyseasons.TheshortrainsoccurfromAugust - Octoberandlongseasonfrom 16 inthecoolermonths. populationofabout1million. 17 oKi

Sangabuye

Bugogwa

PasiansiIlemela

Kitan.

rumbamenororMIamilo

NyamganPaMbugniNyak°Buswelu

0 uyunl aNn:

Mkolari

Buhogwa

oShinyanga

ToMusom.

I Leged

NMWANZAADMINISTRATIVEBOUNDARYMeriatRoa~

~LakeVictoria

Scale1:150000WardBoundary

Map1:Showingtheareaofstudy

18

3.3RESEARCHDESIGN

unplannedsettlements. settlements.

3.3.1SAMPLESIZEANDSAMPLESELECTION

19

3.4DATACOLLECTIONTOOLS

groupdiscussion.

3.4.1Questionnaires:

3.4.2Photographs:

3.4.3Observation

3.4.4Secondaryliterature:

researchesandaerialmaps.

3.4.5Interviews

3.4.6Focusgroupdiscussions

20 beenputinplacesofar.

3.5DATAANALYSIS

3.6PROBLEMSEXPERIENCEDINDATACOLLECTION:

Thefollowingproblemswerefacedinthefield:

hillsideswhichwerehardtoreach. 21

CHAPTERFOUR

4.1INTRODUCTION

settlements.

UNPLANNEDSETTLEMENTSOFMWANZACITY.

sanitationproblem

Poorsolidwaste2840

management

Poorliquidwaste2333

management

Poorhousing0811

Pooraccessroads1116

Total70100

Source:Primarydata

22
inpercentage. 50
~DSeries1 23
interesting.

300meterstheCBOispaidl300Tshseveryday.

SnWARDCBO/COMPANYTotalpaid/month

1PambaPrimabinsNil

2NyamaganaPrimabinsNil

3MbuganiMaendeleoMbugani961,0001=

Destiny)

6Nyamanoro(A)Muunganowawajane733,000/=

~ - Nyamanoro(B)KilimahewaMkudi846,7007= 24
burrowsandothercleansingfacilities. theunauthorizeddumpsite. -~J *..%~.~•__VS

VI..,~;V..-

•4'. ~r~~ -

V~*V~~V~•~_-~V

I - - ~_4-,. - - ,__.~;-_;. - -

-~:.•~V~VVV V~~~V ~•~~ - -V

Source:Fromthefieldbytheresearcher

25
4 -J

Source:Fromthefieldbytheresearcher

4.2.2LIQUIDWASTEDISPOSAL

calledMirongo. 26
industrialuse. •.~" - -..•jr

Source:Fromthefieldtheresearcher.

4.2.3POORHOUSING

simpleandaffordablehouse"hesaid. unplannedsettlements. 28
~a. .a.~

Source:Fromthefieldbyresearcher

29

Mwanzacity

rJ t. I- •_.s%.*A .3

DISPOSAL

settlementsofMwanzacity 30
solidandliquidwastes. I C. p

Source:Fromurbanplanningdepartment - Mwanzacity.

unplannedsettlements

Source:Fromthefieldbytheresearcher

32
rri

4.3EFFECTSOFPOORENVIRONMENTALSANITATION

discussedbelow:

ACTIVITIESNUMBEROFPERCENTAGE

AFFECTEDRESPONDENTSRESPONSE

Water2130

Health2637.14

Scenicbeauty1217.14

Biodiversity0811.43

Others034.29

Total70100

OWater

OHealth

OScenic

OB.~.ersity

0Others

Source:Primarydata

4.3.1WATERQUALITYEFFECTS

partlycanalized(lined).

4.3.2HEALTHEFFECTS

typhoid)areusuallyendemic." 34

Table4:ShowingCommunicablediseasecases

Mwanzacity,year2005-2007

associatedwithpoorsanitationinquotesdbs_dbs25.pdfusesText_31

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