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"Heritage comes in many shapes - in tangible forms such as sites, build- ings, landscapes, or as intangibles, like memories, emotions, values and customs - as does the use of heritage, ranging from the purpose of build ing nations to marketing places. Heritage usually represents a phenomenon within a traditional historical discourse but have lately, more and more, come to take in peripheral appearances; often emanating from groups at the fringes of that traditional discourse as well. ?e use of heritage occurs in di?erent arenas and takes on signi?cance as a vehicle for political, cultural and entrepreneurial purposes, as well as educational and emancipatory, to name just a few. How to interpret heritage in order to understand its meaning to di?erent groups is therefore a very important task." ?is anthology describes heritage preservation, development and manage ment from di?erent theoretical views and disciplines. It integrates per spectives from history, human geography, archaeology, social anthropology and heritage conservation. ?e texts revolve around di?erent dimension of culture and heritage via examples from varying contexts and locations.

Cultural Heritage Preservation:

The Past, the Present and the Future

Cultural Heritage Preservation:

The Past, the Present and the Future

Tomas Nilson & Kristina Thorell (eds.)Forskning i Halmstad nr 24

Halmstad University

ISBN 978-91-87045-94-3 (printed)

ISBN 978-91-87045-95-0 (pdf)Forskning i Halmstad nr 24

CULTURAL HERITAGE PRESERVATION: THE PAST, THE PRESENT AND THE FUTURETOMAS NILSON & KRISTINA THORELL (EDS.)Halmstad 2018

Halmstad University Press

Mailing address: P.O. Box 823

SE-301 18 Halmstad

Telephone: +46 35-16 71 00

E-mail: registrator@hh.se

www.hh.se

CULTURAL HERITAGE PRESERVATION:

THE PAST, THE PRESENT AND THE FUTURE

FORSKNING I HALMSTAD NR. 24

HÖGSKOLAN I HALMSTAD

TOMAS NILSON & KRISTINA THORELL EDS.

Copyright Access.

Forskning i Halmstad Nr. 24

ISBN: 978-91-87045-94-3 (printed)

ISBN: 978-91-87045-95-0 (pdf)

Upplaga 1:1

Halmstad University Press

Box 823, 301 18 Halmstad

Telefon: 035-16 71 00

E-post: registrator@hh.se

www.hh.se

Omslag: Kommunikationsavdelningen

Inlaga och skyddsomslag: Pernilla Ottenfelt Eliasson

Tryckning: Bulls Graphics AB, Halmstad 2018

1. Introduction .............................................................................................9

Denition of heritage ........................................................................ .............................10 Uses of heritage ........................................................................ .....................................13 References ........................................................................ 2. The CultTour Analysis Tool for the management of garden and open space heritage sites and its application to the Boruna Monument Park ...................................................................23

The re-utilisation process model ........................................................................

..............24

Example of the Boruna Monument Park ........................................................................

..28

Conclusion and recommendations ........................................................................

..........30 References ........................................................................ 3. The bottom-up dimension of landscape planning in rural areas .............35 Introduction ........................................................................

The rural landscape and its values from below ................................................................36

Local knowledge and place specic resources .................................................................38

The distinguishing characteristics of bottom-up approaches .............................................40

Discussion ........................................................................ References ........................................................................ 4. A basis for re-thinking heritage practices ...............................................47 Introduction ........................................................................

Developing industrial heritage in Sweden .......................................................................48

.........50

Rethinking heritage practices ........................................................................

.................54 Discussion ........................................................................ References ........................................................................

CONTENT

5. Frames of Islamicate Art. Representations of

the cultural heritage of Islamdom ..........................................................65 Introduction ........................................................................

What is Islamic art, really? Framing a eld ......................................................................67

Changing the terms of discussion ........................................................................

............72 Islam at the museum ........................................................................ ..............................75

Understanding through gazing?: Museums at large ...........................................................76

Concluding discussion ........................................................................ ...........................79 References ........................................................................ 6. Tokyo heritage ........................................................................ ...............85 Introduction ........................................................................ Heritage anticipations ........................................................................ ...........................86 Heritage circumstances ........................................................................ ..........................89 Heritage interstices ........................................................................ ................................95 Conclusions ........................................................................ References ........................................................................ 7. Cultural heritage and identity ..............................................................107 Introduction ........................................................................

Corporal images ..........................................................................................................109

Identity under formations of nationalism........................................................................

.112 African models ........................................................................ ....................................113

The specter of the civil war in Spain ........................................................................

......116

Ukraine, the nal test of belonging and identity ..............................................................117

Conclusion ........................................................................ References ........................................................................ 8. Heritage - entertainment, adventure or escape from everyday life .......125 Introduction ........................................................................ The project ........................................................................ Communicating the past ........................................................................ .......................128 The Varnhem Case ........................................................................ ...............................129 Good narratives / Language ........................................................................ ................130 Authenticity ........................................................................

Media .........................................................................................................................132

Statistics / comments ........................................................................ ...........................132 The working archaeologist ........................................................................ ....................133 Concluding remarks ........................................................................ .............................133 References ........................................................................ 9. “Getting on the list!" Grimeton and the road to World Heritage status, ca. 1995-2004: a critical assessment ................137 Introduction ........................................................................

Theoretical points of departure ........................................................................

..............138

World Heritage—a short presentation ........................................................................

...141

Swedish world heritage sites ........................................................................

................144

The case of Visby, the Hanseatic city reborn ..................................................................144

Laponia—mixed heritage of the North ........................................................................

...145

Grimeton—modern technology as World heritage ..........................................................147

Conclusion: models for success? ........................................................................

............150 References ........................................................................ AUTHOR PRESENTATIONS ............................................................................15

FIGURES AND TABLES

Figure 1:1 The meaning and signi?cance of cultural heritage according to

The World Heritage Convention, Article 1 ........................................................................

...10 Figure 1:2: The meaning and signicance of natural heritage, according to

the World Heritage Convention, Article 2 ........................................................................

......11

Figure 2:1 Re-utilisation process model ........................................................................

.........24

Figure 2:2: Chapter structure ...............................................................................................25

Figure 2:3 Analysis Tool structure .........................................................................................26

Figure 2:4 Analysis Tool extract ........................................................................

...................26

Figure 2:5 Illustration of radar charts I ........................................................................

..........29

Figure 2:6 Illustration of radar charts II ........................................................................

........29

Figure 4.1 Heritage practice as traditionally object-oriented sub-systems .................................55

Figure 4.2 Different needs from different stakeholders provides decision base for actions

deploying conservation, restoration, reconstruction, design, addition and demolition. ..............56

Figure 4.3 Activity elds and perspectives in heritage practices ..............................................58

Figure 9:1 The Culture signicance/value assesment process .................................................140

Table 2:1 Management recommendation example ................................................................31

Dr Tomas Nilson

& Dr Kristina Thorell

School of Education,

Humanities and Social Sciences,

Halmstad University

9 Heritage comes in many shapes—in tangible forms such as sites, buildings, landscapes, or as intangibles, like memories, emotions, values and customs—as does the use of heritage, ranging from the purpose of building nations to marketing places. Heritage usually rep- resents a phenomenon within a traditional historical discourse but have lately, more and more, come to take in peripheral appearances; often emanating from groups at the fringes of that traditional discourse as well. e use of heritage occurs in dierent arenas and takes on signicance as a vehicle for political, cultural and entrepreneurial purposes, as well as educational and emancipator, to name just a few. How to interpret heritage in order to un- derstand its meaning to dierent groups is therefore a very important task. is anthology describes heritage preservation, development and management from dierent theoretical views and disciplines. It integrates perspectives from history, human geography, archaeology, social anthropology and heritage conservation. e texts revolve around dierent dimension of culture and heritage via examples from varying contexts and locations. Examples of questions which this anthology elucidates are: How is heritage perceived within dierent regional context? How should the postmodern heritage landscape and val- ues from the past be preserved for the common future? How could the dynamic of heritage sites and the complexity of the heritage preservation process be synthesized today? ese questions are highlighted on the basis of research which focuses planning of cultural land- scapes, the dynamics of heritage and the conceptualization of cultural values.

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

10

Denition of heritage

Cultural Heritage refers to the contemporary society"s use of the past. “Our cultural her- itage" contributes to the shaping of national stereotypes and regional identity and it"s a modern or postmodern reection of the past. In Europe it is often associated with older city centers. In North America, it is strongly linked to national parks, museums and galleries in urban areas. In Australia and New Zealand, it is also associated with the indigenous culture, identity and landscape (Boyd & Timothy 2003). 1 According to Carman and Sørensen (2009), the eld of heritage studies developed from David Lowenthals inuential book e Past is a Foreign Country (1985), and uses method- ology mainly from the social sciences to study interaction between individuals and heritage. Cultural heritage is “that part of the past which we select in the present for contemporary purposes, be they economic, cultural, political, or social" (Khakzad 2015, p 110). UNESCO denes cultural heritage as “the legacy of physical artefacts and intangible at- tributes of a group or society that are inherited from past generations, maintained in the present and bestowed for the benet of future generations". 2 is organization describes three dimensions of the cultural heritage; it is consisted of monuments, groups of buildings and sites (see gure 1:1). Figure 1:1 The meaning and signicance of cultural heritage according to

The World Heritage Convention, Article 1

Monuments: architectural works, works of monumental sculpture and painting, elements or structures of an archaeological nature, inscriptions, cave dwellings and com- binations of features, which are of outstanding universal value from the point of view of history, art or science; groups of buildings: groups of separate or connected buildings which, because of their ar- chitecture, their homogeneity or their place in the landscape, are of outstanding universal value from the point of view of history, art or science; sites: works of man or the combined works of nature and man, and areas in cluding archaeological sites which are of outstanding universal value from the historical, aesthetic, ethnological or anthropological point of view.

Source: http://whc.unesco.org/en/conventiontext/

1. e meaning of heritage has been described by the Dutch scholar F.F.J. Schouten as historical facts

run through “mythology, ideology, nationalism, local pride, romantic ideas or just plain marketing"

quotesdbs_dbs25.pdfusesText_31

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