[PDF] Giving globalization a human face

View - Download Giving globalization a human face

Previous PDF

Next PDF

ILO Giving globalization a human face

101
III (1B)© Jacques Deperthes

La colombe de la paix,

2011Giving globalization a human face

INTERNATIONAL LABOUR CONFERENCE

101st SESSION, 2012

ILC.101/III/1B

International Labour Conference, 101st Session, 2012

General Survey on the fundamental Conventions

concerning rights at work in light of the ILO Declaration on Social Justice for a Fair Globalization, 2008

Third item on the agenda:

Information and reports on the application

of Conventions and Recommendations

Report of the Committee of Experts

on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations (articles 19, 22 and 35 of the Constitution)

Report III (Part 1B)

International Labour Office Geneva

Giving globalization

a human face

INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE GENEVA

ISBN 978-92-2-124489-9 (print)

ISBN 978-92-2-124490-5 (Web pdf)

ISSN 0074-6681

First edition 2012

Deperthes, 2011, © Jacques and Irène Deperthes

The designations employed in ILO publications, which are in conformity with United Nations practice, and the

presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the

International Labour Office concerning the legal status of any country, area or territory or of its authorities, or

concerning the delimitation of its frontiers.

The responsibility for opinions expressed in signed articles, studies and other contributions rests solely with their

authors, and publication does not constitute an endorsement by the International Labour Office of the opinions

expressed in them.

Reference to names of firms and commercial products and processes does not imply their endorsement by the

International Labour Office, and any failure to mention a particular firm, commercial product or process is not a

sign of disapproval.

ILO publications can be obtained through major booksellers or ILO local offices in many countries, or direct

from ILO Publications, International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland. Catalogues or lists of new

publications are available free of charge from the above address, or by email: pubvente@ilo.org.

Visit our website: www.ilo.org/publns.

Formatted by TTE: Confrep-ILC101(2012)-III(1B)[2011-12-0100-1]-En.docx Printed by the International Labour Office, Geneva, Switzerland

ILC.101/III/1B.docx v

Contents

Page

Part I. Introduction ................................................................................................ 1

Chapter 1. Preliminary comments ................................................................................. 1

Chapter 2. The protection of fundamental principles and rights at work in

national constitutions ................................................................................... 3

Freedom of association and collective bargaining ...................................................... 4

Forced labour ............................................................................................................. 4

Child labour ................................................................................................................ 5

Equality, non-discrimination and equal remuneration ................................................. 6

Chapter 3. Other relevant international instruments ....................................................... 9

Recognition of fundamental principles and rights at work in other universal

and regional instruments ............................................................................................ 9

United Nations instruments ............................................................................... 9

Freedom of association and the right to collective bargaining ...................... 9 Elimination of all forms of forced or compulsory labour ................................ 10

Effective abolition of child labour ................................................................. 10

Equality, non-discrimination and equal remuneration ................................... 11

Regional instruments ........................................................................................ 12

Freedom of association and the right to collective bargaining ...................... 12 Elimination of all forms of forced or compulsory labour ................................ 13

Effective abolition of child labour ................................................................. 13

Equality, non-discrimination and equal remuneration ................................... 14 The objective of coherence in the supervision of the international and regional obligations of States in relation to fundamental principles and rights at work ............. 14 Part II. Freedom of association and collective bargaining ................................. 17 Chapter 1. Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise

Convention, 1948 (No. 87) ........................................................................... 17

Introduction ................................................................................................................ 17

Scope of the Convention and methods of application ....................................................... 19

General principle and authorized exceptions .............................................................. 19

Methods of application ............................................................................................... 19

Main difficulties concerning the scope of application .................................................. 21

Giving globalization a human face

vi ILC.101/III/1B.docx

Thematic issues ............................................................................................................... 21

Right of workers and employers to establish and to join organizations

of their own choosing ................................................................................................. 21

Trade union rights and civil liberties .................................................................. 21

establish and join organizations ........................................................................ 23

Public service .............................................................................................. 23

Police and armed forces .............................................................................. 25

Fire service personnel and prison staff ........................................................ 25

Magistrates and teachers ............................................................................ 26

Other categories of workers ......................................................................... 26

Domestic workers ..................................................................................... 27

Workers in export processing zones ......................................................... 27 Workers in the informal economy .............................................................. 28 Subcontracting and other means of circumventing the right to organize ... 29

Other forms of distinction ............................................................................. 29

Distinction based on age ........................................................................... 29

Distinction based on nationality or residence ............................................ 29 Distinction based on political opinion ........................................................ 30 ...................... 30

Filing of by-laws and registration ................................................................. 31

Recognition of legal personality ................................................................... 32

Appeals to the courts ................................................................................... 33

Right of workers and employers to establish

.................................................................................................. 33

Structure and composition of organizations: Minimum membership ............ 33

Right to join several organizations ............................................................... 34

Trade union monopoly ................................................................................. 34

Coercion or favouritism by the public authorities .......................................... 36 Recognition of the most representative trade unions ................................... 36 Trade union security and the right not to join an organization ...................... 37 and rules, to elect their representatives in full freedom and to organize their

administration and activities ....................................................................................... 38

Drawing up of constitutions and rules................................................................ 38

Freedom to elect representatives ...................................................................... 39

Election procedures ..................................................................................... 39

Conditions of eligibility of representatives .................................................... 39

Requirement to belong to an occupation or to an enterprise, and

service requirements ................................................................................ 39

Nationality, age and literacy ...................................................................... 40

Political views or activities ......................................................................... 41

Criminal record ......................................................................................... 41

Re-election, removal and suspension of trade union officers ....................... 42 Organization of administration and activities and formulation of programmes ... 42

Financial management ................................................................................ 42

Internal administration and inviolability of union premises............................ 44

Contents

ILC.101/III/1B.docx vii

Activities and programmes .......................................................................... 45

The right to strike ......................................................................................... 46

Dissolution and suspension of organizations by administrative authority .................... 65 Right of organizations to establish federations and confederations and to

affiliate with international organizations ...................................................................... 65

Chapter 2. Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949 (No. 98) ...... 67

Introduction ................................................................................................................ 67

Scope of the Convention and methods of application ....................................................... 68

General principle and authorized exceptions .............................................................. 68

Methods of application ............................................................................................... 68

Difficulties concerning the scope of application .......................................................... 69

Thematic issues ............................................................................................................... 70

Protection against acts of anti-union discrimination and of interference ..................... 70

National legislation ............................................................................................ 70

Protection against acts of anti-union discrimination ..................................... 72

Acts covered ............................................................................................. 72

Anti-union dismissal and reinstatement ..................................................... 74

Persons protected ..................................................................................... 76

Effective and rapid procedures ................................................................. 78

Burden of proof ......................................................................................... 78

Effective and sufficiently dissuasive sanctions .......................................... 79

Protection against acts of interference ......................................................... 79

Acts covered, rapid and impartial procedures ........................................... 79 Effective and sufficiently dissuasive sanctions .......................................... 81

Promotion of collective bargaining.............................................................................. 81

National legislation ............................................................................................ 81

Scope of collective bargaining .......................................................................... 82

Free and voluntary negotiation and autonomy of the parties ........................ 82

Negotiation in good faith .............................................................................. 85

Workers covered by collective bargaining .................................................... 85 The public sector and the public service ................................................... 86

Content of collective bargaining ........................................................................ 88

Pensions or supplementary retirement schemes and wages in the

public service ............................................................................................... 89

Level of collective bargaining ....................................................................... 91

Recognition of organizations for the purposes of collective bargaining.............. 92

Means of recognition ................................................................................... 92

Rights of minority unions ............................................................................. 92

Recognition procedure and criteria of representativity ................................. 93

Threshold of representativity ....................................................................... 94

Grouping of trade unions .......................................................................... 96

............................................ 96 Negotiation with representatives of non-unionized workers ......................... 96

Giving globalization a human face

viii ILC.101/III/1B.docx Machinery and procedures to facilitate and promote collective bargaining ........ 98

Extension of collective agreements ................................................................... 99

Compulsory arbitration ...................................................................................... 100

Part III. Forced labour ............................................................................................. 103

Chapter 1. Introduction .................................................................................................. 103

Chapter 2. Scope of the Conventions and methods of application ................................. 107

Scope ........................................................................................................................ 107

Methods of application: Constitutional and legislative provisions,

judicial decisions .............................................................................................. 108

Difficulties in the application of the Conventions ............................................... 108

Chapter 3. Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No. 29) ................................................... 111

Definition of forced or compulsory labour ................................................................... 111

Exceptions from the definition of forced labour ........................................................... 112

Compulsory military service .............................................................................. 112

Normal civic obligations .................................................................................... 113

Compulsory labour of convicted persons .......................................................... 114

Cases of emergency ......................................................................................... 114

Minor communal services ................................................................................. 115

Imposition of labour for public works or services and other specified purposes .......... 116

National service obligations........................................................................................ 120

Restrictions on the freedom of workers to terminate employment .............................. 121

Work of prisoners for private companies .................................................................... 123

Obligation to perform overtime work under threat of a penalty ................................... 123

Slavery, slavery-like practices and other illegal forms of compulsion to work: Imposition of forced labour on workers in most vulnerable groups ............................. 124

Trafficking in persons ................................................................................................. 128

Chapter 4. Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957 (No. 105) ............................... 131

Scope of Convention No. 105 in relation to Convention No. 29 .................................. 131 Imposition of sanctions involving compulsory labour for non-compliance

with restrictions on civil rights and political freedoms.................................................. 132

Imposition of forced or compulsory labour for purposes of economic development .... 135 Violations of labour discipline punishable with sanctions involving

compulsory labour ...................................................................................................... 136

Sanctions involving compulsory labour as a punishment for having participated

in strikes..................................................................................................................... 138

Imposition of forced or compulsory labour as a means of racial, social, national

or religious discrimination ........................................................................................... 140

Chapter 5. Law enforcement ......................................................................................... 141

Penal sanctions .......................................................................................................... 141

Law enforcement bodies ............................................................................................ 142

Contents

ILC.101/III/1B.docx ix

Protection of victims ................................................................................................... 144

Part IV. Elimination of child labour ........................................................................ 147

Chapter 1. Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138) .................................................. 147

Introduction ................................................................................................................ 147

Scope of the Convention and methods of application ................................................. 148

Scope of application .......................................................................................... 148

Methods of application ...................................................................................... 151

Difficulties of application concerning the scope ................................................. 152

Thematic issues ......................................................................................................... 153

Child labour in the informal economy ................................................................ 153

Legislative measures addressing child labour in the informal economy ....... 153 Monitoring mechanisms of child labour in the informal economy ................. 154

Labour inspection ..................................................................................... 154

Child labour monitoring systems ............................................................... 155 Good practices in reaching out to children working in the informal

economy ...................................................................................................... 156

Child labour in agriculture ................................................................................. 156

Application of the Convention to the agricultural sector in law ..................... 157 Issues arising out of the application of the Convention in the

agricultural sector ........................................................................................ 157

Monitoring child labour in agriculture through labour inspection ................ 158 Programmatic measures to address child labour in agriculture ................. 159

Family workers and domestic workers .............................................................. 159

Family workers, including unpaid family work .............................................. 160

Child domestic workers ............................................................................... 160

Minimum age for admission to employment or work .......................................... 161 Setting the general minimum age for admission to employment or work ...... 161 Raising the general minimum age for admission to employment or work ..... 162 Minimum age for admission to work and compulsory education .................. 163 Ensuring compulsory education up to the minimum age ........................... 163 Linking the age of completion of compulsory education with the minimum age for admission to work .......................................................... 164 Ensuring access to compulsory education for all children ......................... 165

Minimum age for hazardous work ..................................................................... 166

Minimum age of 18 for admission to hazardous work .................................. 166 Minimum age of 16 for admission to hazardous work and determination

of such types of hazardous work ................................................................. 166

Absence of a general prohibition on hazardous work ................................ 167 Absence of a minimum age of 16 for prohibited types ofquotesdbs_dbs28.pdfusesText_34

[PDF] Convenios OIT Convenio 105 relativo a la abolición del trabajo

[PDF] EL PROTOCOLO Trabajo Forzoso

[PDF] C111 Convenio sobre la discriminación (empleo y ocupación), 1958

[PDF] C111 Convenio sobre la discriminación (empleo y ocupación), 1958

[PDF] $104- Convenio OIT nº 135 , de 23 de junio de 1971 relativo a la

[PDF] Convenio 135 CONVENIO RELATIVO A LA - JMB Auditores

[PDF] convenio sobre los trabajadores migrantes (disposiciones

[PDF] CONVENIO No 151 SOBRE LA PROTECCION DEL DERECHO DE

[PDF] Principios de la OIT sobre la negociación colectiva

[PDF] convenio sobre duracion del trabajo - ILO

[PDF] Convenio sobre la negociación colectiva, 1981 (núm 154) - Escuela

[PDF] aplicación de los convenios de la oit en materia de derecho de

[PDF] convenio 154 de la oit - ATUNLu

[PDF] CONVENIO 155 de la OIT, sobre seguridad y salud - INSHT

[PDF] CONVENIO SOBRE EL TRABAJO A TIEMPO PARCIAL