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MOD

ELISATION D'ANTENNES TRES BASSES

FR

EQUENCES (VLF/LF) : etude de l'in

uence de la structure, des composants associes et de l'environnement en vue de leur optimisation

Renaud CuggiaTo cite this version:

Renaud Cuggia. MOD

ELISATION D'ANTENNES TRES BASSES FREQUENCES (VLF/LF) : etude de l'in uence de la structure, des composants associes et de l'environnement en vue de leur optimisation. Modelisation et simulation. Universite Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2010.

Francais.

HAL Id: tel-00523630

Submitted on 5 Oct 2010

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UNIVERSITE DE NICE-SOPHIA ANTIPOLIS

ECOLE DOCTORALE STIC

SCIENCES ET TECHNOLOGIES DE L"INFORMATION ET DE LA COMMUNICATION

T H E S E

pour obtenir le titre de

Docteur en Sciences

de l"Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis

Electronique

présentée et soutenue par

Renaud CUGGIA

MODÉLISATION D"ANTENNES TRÈS BASSES FRÉQUENCES (VLF/LF) : étude de l"influence de la structure, des composants associés et de l"environnement en vue de leur optimisation Thèse dirigée par : Christian PICHOT (co-directeur)

Michel NEY (co-directeur)

soutenue le 23 juin 2010

Jury :

M. GILLARD Raphaël Rapporteur Professeur, IETR Rennes M. NDAGIJIMANA Fabien Rapporteur Professeur, INP Grenoble M. BERENGER Jean-Pierre Examinateur Ingénieur, DGA CATOD M. DEPIESSE Marc Examinateur Ingénieur, DGA Tn M. DUBARD Jean-Lou Examinateur Professeur, UNSA M. NEY Michel Examinateur Professeur, Telecom Bretagne M. PICHOT Christian Examinateur Directeur CNRS, UNSA

Invité :

Mlle. LARBI Besma Invité Ingénieur, DGA Tn M. PELLET Michel Invité Ingénieur, DGA DS

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Les téltcéoemunitc

CHAPITRE I : TÉLÉCOMMUNICATIONS VLF/LF ET OUTILS

II)LES TÉLÉCOMMUNICATIONS EN VLF/LF.......................................................................15

II.A)Propagation VLF/LF ....................................................................................... 15

LLTÉTN'EÈBFQCQ(VB/ LB/B)FétÈVudeTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTNl LLTÉTNTQ'Eét/Bin/e Eéf)VudeTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTNl

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II.B)Réception en milieu marin ............................................................................ 19

LLTSTN'EÈBFÈVt(t) ad iVsVed iQÈV/TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTNv

LLTSTNTQ'UQ pB/adp(VWV(tTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTGy

LLTSTNTc'UQ FeÈitQcVsV(tTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTGy

LLTSTNTp'UQ FeÈiV((VWV(tTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTGy LLTSTG'AtpeF(edÈ)TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTGN

LLTSTGTQ'AtpeF(VB/ )dÈ ck(Vie/() ae )dÈgQpeTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTGN

LLTSTGTc'AtpeF(VB/ )dÈ )Bd)ziQÈV/)TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTGG LLTST3'DBfe/) aYt(daeTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTG4

II.C)Émission terrestre .......................................................................................... 26

LLT5TN'RétBÈVe ae) Q/(e//e) rU,oU, e( FQÈQin(Èe) aYt(daeTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTGl

LLT5TNTQ'UQ éQd(edÈ eggep(VWeTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTGm

LLT5TNTc'UYViFtaQ/pe aYe/(ÈteTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTGm

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LLT5TNTa'UYeggVpQpV(t ae ÈQfB//eie/(TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT3y LLT5TG'EQÈQin(Èe) aYV/gsde/pe e( aYBF(ViV)Q(VB/TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT3y

LLT5TGTQ'L/gsde/pe ad FsQ/ ae )BsTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT3y

LLT5TGTQ'6F(ViV)Q(VB/ FQÈ RBFzUBQaV/CTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT3G

LLT5TGTQ'6F(ViV)Q(VB/ FQÈ Of)(nie ae ids(VFse) cBcV/e) aYQppBÈaTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT33 LLT5T3'DBfe/) aYt(daeTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT37

o G3 9dV/ GyNyz N z

RÉSUM :MO DÉRLIAMO LLT5T3TQ'Repé/Vude ae ie)dÈe : tpéesse ÈtadV(eTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT37

LLT5T3Tc'Ue) Bd(Vs) ae )VidsQ(VB/ tsep(ÈBiQC/t(VudeTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT3l III)LES OUTILS DE MODÉLISATION....................................................................................39

III.A)Présentation des principales méthodes numériques ................................ 39

LLLTÉTN'UQ it(éBae ae) iBie/()TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT3v

LLLTÉTG'UQ it(éBae ae) tstie/() gV/V)TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT7N

LLLTÉT3'UQ it(éBae ae) aVggtÈe/pe) gV/Ve)TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT7G

III.B)Quelle méthode choisir pour les VLF/LF? ................................................... 45

III.C)Le code TLM développé au LEAT ................................................................. 48

LLLT5TN'UQ RUD gÈtude/(Vesse ; ,:RUDTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT7m

LLLT5TG'UQ RUD Q/Qsf(VudeTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT7v

LLLT5T3'UQ RUD (eiFBÈesseTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT7v

LLLT5T3TQ'EÈBFQCQ(VB/ FQÈ se Èt)eQd ae )VidsQ(VB/ (eiFBÈesse 3:TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT4N

LLLT5T3Tc'Ue /O5?'TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT4G

LLLT5T3Tp'5B/aV(VB/) sViV(e)TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT44

LLLT5T3Ta':BiQV/e ae WQsVaV(t ae sQ it(éBaeTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT4l

LLLT5T3Te'É/Qsf)e )Fep(ÈQseTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT4@

LLLT5T3Tg'6ÈCQ/VCÈQiie ae sQ it(éBae RUDTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT4v

LLLT5T3TC'6d(Vs V/gBÈiQ(VudeTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTly IV)CONCLUSION....................................................................................................................63

CHAPITRE II : MODÉLISATION MICROSCOPIQUE DES

II)LES ISOLATEURS................................................................................................................66

II.A)Bref Historique ............................................................................................... 66

II.B)Designs et types d'isolateurs ......................................................................... 67

II.C)Caractéristiques ............................................................................................. 68

LLT5TN'5QÈQp(tÈV)(Vude) Féf)Vude)TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTlv

LLT5TNTQ'UQ sVC/e ae gdV(eTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTlv

LLT5TNTc'UQ (e/de aVtsep(ÈVudeTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTlv

LLT5TNTp'UQ sVC/e aYQÈpTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTlv

LLT5TNTa'UYQ//eQd pBÈB/QTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT@y LLT5TG'5QÈQp(tÈV)(Vude) gB/p(VB//esse)TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT@y

LLT5TGTQ':dÈte ae WVeTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT@y

LLT5TGTc':tgQd() ae gB/p(VB//eie/(TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT@N888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888

o G3 9dV/ GyNyz G z

RÉSUM :MO DÉRLIAMO LLT5TGTp'Aeinae)TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT@N II.D)L'effet couronne ............................................................................................ 72

LLT:TG'DBae) aYtiV))VB/TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT@G

LLT:TGTQ'Ee(V(e) QVCÈe((e) /tCQ(VWe) =ViFds)VB/) ae RÈVpées'TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT@3

LLT:TGTc'AB/e ae pB/adp(VWV(t aB>eÈi)(eV/TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT@3

LLT:TGTp'CÈQ/ae) QVCÈe((e) FB)V(VWe) TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT@3 LLT:T3'Ue) atpéQÈCe) Qs(eÈ/Q(VWe)TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT@7

LLT:T7'DBfe/) aYt(daeTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT@7

III)CARACTÉRISATION ÉLECTROMAGNÉTIQUE................................................................75

III.A)Bibliographie ................................................................................................ 75

III.B)L'isolateur étudié .......................................................................................... 76

III.C)Validation et caractérisation électromagnétique ....................................... 78

LLLT5TN'AtFQÈ(V(VB/ QDVQse ad péQiF tsep(ÈVudeTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT@v

LLLT5TNTQ'L)BsQ(edÈ )Q/) iQ/aÈV/ pe/(ÈQs /V QVse((eTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT@v

LLLT5TNTc'L)BsQ(edÈ pBiFse(TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT@v LLLT5TG'AtFQÈ(V(VB/ FsQ/QVÈe ae) péQiF) tsep(ÈBiQC/t(Vude) =G:'TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTmN

IV)CARACTÉRISATION ÉLECTRIQUE..................................................................................83

IV.A)Principe ......................................................................................................... 83

IV.B)Méthodologie ................................................................................................ 84

LrTSTN'5Qspds ae sQ (e/)VB/ QdD cBÈ/e) ad pBiFB)Q/(TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTm7

LrTSTG'5Qspds ad pBdÈQ/( (ÈQWeÈ)Q/( se pBiFB)Q/(TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTm7

IV.C)Validation ...................................................................................................... 86

IV.D)Résultats ........................................................................................................ 88

LrT:TN'L)BsQ(edÈ pBiFB)V(eTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTvy

LrT:TG'L)BsQ(edÈ )Bd) FBssd(VB/ Q(iB)FétÈVudeTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTvN

CHAPITRE III : MODÈLE DE FILS MINCES ARBITRAIREMENT ORIENTÉS AVEC COMPOSANTS LOCALISÉS...................................96

II)DÉVELOPPEMENTS THÉORIQUES..................................................................................98

II.A)Système d'équations ...................................................................................... 98

LLTÉTN'EudQ(VB/) ad gVsTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTvm

LLTÉTG':V)pÈt(V)Q(VB/ e( ?BÈiQsV)Q(VB/TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTvv

o G3 9dV/ GyNyz 3 z

RÉSUM :MO DÉRLIAMO

II.B)Schéma numérique du modèle " Fil Mince » ............................................. 100

LLTSTN'Re/)VB/) e( pBdÈQ/() )dÈ se gVsTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTNyG

LLTSTG'E(QFe F AtFQÈ(V(VB/ GTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTNy4

LLTST3'L/(eÈQp(VB/ péQiF) tsep(ÈBiQC/t(Vude) z pBdÈQ/( )dÈ se gVsTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTNyl

II.C)Intégration de composants localisés .......................................................... 110

LLT5TN'Dt(éBae ae sQ F OBdÈpe ae (e/)VB/ GTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTNNy

LLT5TG'Dt(éBae F EQÈQssnse GTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTNNG

LLT5TN'Dt(éBae F OtÈVe GTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTNNm

II.D)Conclusion ................................................................................................... 122

III)VALIDATION DES COMPOSANTS COUPLÉS AU MODÈLE DE " FIL MINCE »...........124

III.A)Cas d'une structure guidée ........................................................................ 124

LLLTÉTN'UVC/e SVgVsQVÈe péQÈCte FQÈ d/ pBdÈ(zpVÈpdV(TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTNGl

LLLTÉTG'UVC/e SVgVsQVÈe péQÈCte FQÈ d/ pVÈpdV(zBdWeÈ(TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTN3y

LLLTÉT3'UVC/e SVgVsQVÈe péQÈCte FQÈ d/e Èt)V)(Q/peTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTN3G

LLLTÉT7'UVC/e SVgVsQVÈe péQÈCte FQÈ d/ pB/ae/)Q(edÈTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTN37

LLLTÉT4'UVC/e SVgVsQVÈe péQÈCte FQÈ d/e V/adp(Q/peTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTN3m

III.B)Cas d'une structure rayonnante ................................................................ 143

LLLTSTN'5éQÈCe) L/adp(VWe)TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTN77 LLLTSTNTQ'Dt(éBae ae sQ F OBdÈpe ae (e/)VB/ GTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTN77

LLLTSTNTc'Dt(éBae F OtÈVe GTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTN7l LLLTSTG'5éQÈCe) 5QFQpV(We)TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTN7@

LLLTSTGTQ'Dt(éBae ae sQ F OBdÈpe ae (e/)VB/ GTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTN7m

LLLTSTGTc'Dt(éBae F OtÈVe GTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTN7v IV)CONCLUSION..................................................................................................................150

CHAPITRE IV : SIMULATION D'ANTENNES VLF/LF......................152

II)ÉTUDE D'ANTENNES PARAPLUIE..................................................................................154

II.A)Présentation ................................................................................................. 154

II.B)Modélisation ................................................................................................ 154

II.C)Antenne Parapluie avec 6 bras .................................................................... 158

LLT5TN'ÉaiV((Q/pe aYe/(ÈteTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTN4m

LLT5TNTQ'É/(e//e )Q/) )(Èdp(dÈe ae )Bd(Ve/TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTN4m

LLT5TNTc'É/(e//e QWep )(Èdp(dÈe ae )Bd(Ve/TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTNly888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888

o G3 9dV/ GyNyz 7 z

RÉSUM :MO DÉRLIAMO

LLT5TG' Re/)VB/ e( pBdÈQ/( )dÈ sYQ/(e//eTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTNlG LLT5TGTQ'Re/)VB/ e( pBdÈQ/( )dÈ se) pkcse)TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTNlG

LLT5TGTc'Re/)VB/ Qd /VWeQd ae) V)BsQ(edÈ)TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTNl4 LLT5T3'AQfB//eie/(TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTNl4

LLT5T3TQ':VQCÈQiie ae ÈQfB//eie/(TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTNl4

LLT5T3Tc':VÈep(VWV(t e( eggVpQpV(t ae ÈQfB//eie/(TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTNll LLT5T7'L/gsde/pe ae) V)BsQ(edÈ)TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTNl@

II.D)Antenne Parapluie avec 12 bras ................................................................. 169

II.E)Conclusion ................................................................................................... 172

III)ÉTUDE DE L'ANTENNE OMEGA " E » DE L'ILE DE LA RÉUNION...............................173

III.A)Présentation ................................................................................................ 173

III.B)Modélisation ............................................................................................... 174

III.C)Résultats ..................................................................................................... 178

LLLT5TN'LiFtaQ/pe aYe/(ÈteTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTN@m

LLLT5TG'Re/)VB/ e( pBdÈQ/( )dÈ sYQ/(e//eTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTNmy

III.D)Conclusion ................................................................................................. 182

PUBLICATIONS ET COMMUNICATIONS.......................................190 o G3 9dV/ GyNyz 4 z

L?RA6:H5RL6?

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L?RA6:H5RL6?

INTRODUCTION

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L?RA6:H5RL6?

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CHAPITRE I :

TÉLÉCOMMUNICATIONS VLF/LF

ET OUTILS NUMÉRIQUES

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5>ÉELRAM L z REUE56DDH?L5ÉRL6?O rU,oU, MR 6HRLUO ?HDEALSHMO

I)INTRODUCTION

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