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Vidya

College Of Engineering, Baramati

Laboratory Manual

Database Management System Laboratory

Third Year - Information Technology (2012)

Examination Scheme

Practical: 50 marks Oral: 50 Marks

Teaching Scheme

Practical: 04 Hrs/Week/Batch

Prepared By

Prof. Patil Pradeep M.

Prof. Shah Sahil K.

Department of Information Technology

Vidya Pratishthan's College of Engineering

Baramati - 413133

Dist- Pune (M.S.)

INDIA

JUNE 2015

Vidya Pratishthans

College of Engineering, Baramati

Department of Information Technology Engineering

Approval Sheet

Laboratory Manual

Database Management System Laboratory

Third Year - Information Technology (2012)

Prof. Patil P.M.

Prof. Shah Sahil K Prof.S.A.Takale Subject Incharge Head IT Dept

Dr. S.B.Deosarkar

Principal

List of Assignments

Sr. No Title

Part I: Database Programming Languages SQL,

PL/SQL, NoSQL

1 Study of Open source Database MySQL

2 Design and Development of SQL/NoSQL DDL statements to

demonstrate the use of SQL object as Table , View, index and sequence

3 Study of SQL queries

4 Study of SQL Join types

5 Write a PL/SQL code block to calculate the grade of minimum

10 students

6 Write a PL/SQL block to implement all types of cursor

7 Write a PL/SQL stored procedure and function

8 Write a Database trigger (Row level and Statement trigger)

Part II: Large Scale Databases

1 Implement aggregation and indexing with suitable example

using MongoDB.

2 Implement Map reduces operation with suitable example using

MongoDB.

3 Design and Implement any 5 query using MongoDB

4 Implement any one Concurrency Control Protocol using

MongoDB and .net/Java

5 Create simple objects and array objects using JSON

6 Encode and Decode JSON Objects using

Java/Perl/PHP/Python/Ruby

7 Implement any machine learning algorithm for BIG data

Part III : Mini Project : Database Project Life Cycle

1 Design and Implement any Database Application using PHP/

python/Java and MogoDB as a back end. Implement Database navigation operations (add, delete, edit etc. ) using

ODBC/JDBC.

2 Write a program in PHP/ python/Java/.net to access stored

procedure and functions using

ODBC/JDBC

Syllabus:

314447 : DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS LABORATORY

Teaching Scheme:

Practical: 4 Hours/Week

Examination Scheme:

Practical : 50 Marks Oral : 50 Marks

Prerequisites :Discrete Structure

Course Objectives :

1. To learn and understand Database Programming Paradigms

2. To learn and understand SQL, PL/SQL ,NoSQL

3. To learn Relational Database (Open source) such as MongoDB/ Oracle/MySQL/SQL

Server

4. To learn and understand Database Project Life Cycle.

Course Outcomes :

1. Understanding of Database Programming Languages

2. Master the basics of database languages and construct queries using SQL, PLSQL, NoSQL

3. Master the basic concepts of Database Project Life Cycle and appreciate the applications of

database systems

4. Understand how analytics and big data affect various functions now and in the future

5. Appreciate the impact of analytics and big data on the information industry and the

external ecosystem for analytical and data services Part I: Database Programming Languages SQL, PL/SQL, NoSQL

1. Study of Open Source Databases : MySQL/ MongoDB/CouchDB etc

2. Design and Develop SQL/NoSQL DDL statements which demonstrate the use of SQL

objects such as Table, View, Index, Sequence, Synonym.

3. Design at least 10 SQL/NoSQL queries for suitable database application using

SQL/NoSQL DML statements: Insert, Select, Update, Delete with operators, functions, and set operator.

4. Design at least 10 SQL/NoSQL queries for suitable database application using SQL DML

statements: all types of Join, Sub-Query and View.

5. Write a PL/SQL block to calculate the grade of minimum 10 students.

6. Write a PL/SQL block to implement all types of cursors.

7. Write a PL/SQL stored procedure and function.

8. Write a database Trigger (Row level and Statement level).

Part II: Large Scale Databases

1. Implement aggregation and indexing with suitable example using MongoDB.

2. Implement Map reduces operation with suitable example using MongoDB.

3. Design and Implement any 5 query using MongoDB

4. Implement any one Concurrency Control Protocol using MongoDB and .net/Java

5. Create simple objects and array objects using JSON

6. Encode and Decode JSON Objects using Java/Perl/PHP/Python/Ruby

7. Implement any machine learning algorithm for BIG data

Part III : Mini Project : Database Project Life Cycle

1. Design and Implement any Database Application using PHP/ python/Java and MogoDB as

a back end. Implement Database navigation operations (add, delete, edit etc. ) using

ODBC/JDBC.

2. Write a program in PHP/ python/Java/.net to access stored procedure and functions using

ODBC/JDBC

Group of students should submit the Project Report which will be consist of Title of the Project, Abstract, Introduction, scope, Requirements, Data Modeling features, Data Dictionary, Relational Database Design, Database Normalization, Graphical User Interface,

Source Code, Testing document, Conclusion.

Instructor should maintain progress report of mini project throughout the semester from project group and assign marks as a part of the term work

Instructions:

1. Instructor should frame minimum six Practical Assignments on Part I

2. Instructor should frame minimum seven Practical Assignments on Part II

3. Instructor should frame minimum two Practical Assignments and Develop mini project on

Part III

1. Submission of each Practical Assignment should be in the form of handwritten write-ups/

printout of source code and output

2. Instructor should assign a mini project to a group of 3 - 4 students based Part III

3. Practical Examination will be based on the all topics covered from Part I, Part II &

Part III and questions will be asked to judge understanding of practical performed at the time of practical examination All the assignments should be conducted on Latest version of Open Source Operating Systems, tools and Multi-core CPU supporting Virtualization and Multi-Threading.

Reference Books

Koch, Tata McGraw Hill

Shroff Publishers and Distributors Pvt. Ltd., ISBN 81 - 7366 - 465 X

6. MongoDB ,

8. Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques by Jiawei Han, Micheline Kamber, Jian Pei,

Elsevier

9. http://www.tutorialspoint.com/json/

Assignment No: Basic 1&2

Aim: Study of Open Source Databases: MySQL

Theory:

MySQL is the most popular Open Source Relational SQL database management system. MySQL is a fast, easy-to-use RDBMS being used for many small and big businesses.

MySQL is popular because:

1) It is released under open source

2) It handles a large subset of the functionality of the most expensive and powerful database

packages, it uses standard form of the well-known SQL data language,

3) works on many operating systems and with many languages including PHP, PERL, C,

C++, JAVA, etc.

4) MySQL works very quickly and works well even with large data sets and with PHP.

MySQL supports large databases, up to 50 million rows or more in a table.

5) The default file size limit for a table is 4GB, but we can increase this (if your operating

system can handle it) to a theoretical limit of 8 million terabytes (TB).

Starting MySQL :

To start MySQL obtain a user ID and a password created by your database administrator in order to log on to the MySQL .

To start MySQL you would:

1. Select the Start button

2. Select All Programs and then MySQL

3. Select MySQL Server 5.0

4. Click on the MySQL Command line client

The MySQL command line client window will be displayed

5. Enter your password to log on to MySQL

MySQL has its own client interface, allowing you to move data around and change database configuration. Note that you should use a password to log in. The default username is root if databases. A web application may use its own proprietary database or a standard database like MySQL. Once you log in the following command line interface is displayed:

To exit the MySQL Shell, just type QUIT or EXIT:

mysql> QUIT mysql> exit Basic Queries : Once logged in, you can try some simple queries. For example: mysql> SELECT VERSION();

Note that :

1. Most MySQL commands end with a semicolon (;)

2. MySQL returns the total number of rows found, and the total time to execute the query.

3. Keywords may be entered in any letter case i.e uppercase or lowercase. The following

commands are equivalent. mysql>select current_date(); mysql>select CURRENT_DATE();

4. use mysql as a simple calculator as:

5. You can also enter multiple statements on a single line. Just end each one with a

semicolon:

6. Multi-Line Commands :

mysql determines where your statement ends by looking for the terminating semicolon, not by looking for the end of the input line.

Here's a simple multiple-line statement:

6. Canceling a Command : If you decide you don't want to execute

a command that you are in the process of entering, cancel it by typing \c . ( Notice the prompt. It switches back to mysql> after you type \c, providing feedback to indicate that mysql is ready for a new command.

Prompts:

At the MySQL prompt, you can enter database commands followed by Enter. There is also a set of commands that MySQL itself interprets. For a list of these commands, type help or \h at the mysql> prompt. Following Table shows some of the prompts you will see.

Prompt Meaning

mysql> Waiting for a command i.e ready for new command -> Waiting for the next line of a multiple-line command '> Waiting for the next line , waiting for completion of a string that "> Waiting for the next line of a string that starts with a double quote

MySQL client commands:

Command Parameter Meaning

Quit Exit the command-line utility

Use Database name Use a specific database

Show tables or databases Show lists such as tables or databases available

Describe Table name

Status Display database version and

status

Source Filename Execute commands from a

file as a script These commands allow you to perform tasks such as executing SQL commands that are stored in a script file using the source.

Using a Database :

To get started on your own database, first check which databases currently exist. Use the SHOW statement to find out which databases currently exist on the server: mysql> SHOW DATABASES; ((replacing myldatabseXYZ with your username)

Mysql> select mydatabaseXYZ;

Creating a Table : Once you have selected a database, you can view all database tables: (An empty set indicates that I have not created any tables yet )

MySQL data types:

MySQL uses many different data types broken into three categories:

1) numeric,

2) date and time, and

3) string types.

Numeric data types :

1) INT - A normal-sized integer that can be signed or unsigned. If signed, the allowable

range is from -2147483648 to 2147483647. If unsigned, the allowable range is from 0 to 4294967295. You can specify a width of up to 11 digits.

2) TINYINT - A very small integer that can be signed or unsigned. If signed, the allowable

range is from -128 to 127. If unsigned, the allowable range is from 0 to 255. You can specify a width of up to 4 digits.

3) SMALLINT - A small integer that can be signed or unsigned. If signed, the allowable

range is from -32768 to 32767. If unsigned, the allowable range is from 0 to

65535. You can specify a width of up to 5 digits.

4) MEDIUMINT - A medium-sized integer that can be signed or unsigned. If signed, the

allowable range is from - 8388608 to 8388607. If unsigned, the allowable range is from 0 to 16777215. You can specify a width of up to 9 digits.

5) BIGINT - A large integer that can be signed or unsigned. If signed, the allowable range is

from - 9223372036854775808 to 9223372036854775807. If unsigned, the allowable range is from 0 to 18446744073709551615. You can specify a width of up to 20 digits.

6) FLOAT(M,D) - A floating-point number that cannot be unsigned. You can define the

display length (M) and the number of decimals (D). This is not required and will default to 10,2, where 2 is the number of decimals and 10 is the total number of digits (including decimals). Decimal precision can go to 24 places for a FLOAT.

7) DOUBLE(M,D) - A double precision floating-point number that cannot be unsigned. You

can define the display length (M) and the number of decimals (D). This is not required and will default to 16,4, where 4 is the number of decimals. Decimal precision can go to 53 places for a DOUBLE. REAL is a synonym for 8) DOUBLE.

8) DECIMAL(M,D) - An unpacked floating-point number that cannot be unsigned. In

unpacked decimals, each decimal corresponds to one byte. Defining the display length (M) and the number of decimals (D) is required. NUMERIC is a synonym for DECIMAL.

Date and Time Types:

The MySQL date and time datatypes are:

1) DATE - A date in YYYY-MM-DD format, between 1000-01-01 and 9999-12-31. For

example, December 30th, 1973 would be stored as 1973-12-30.

2) DATETIME - A date and time combination in YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS format,

between 1000-01-01 00:00:00 and 9999-12-31 23:59:59. For example, 3:30 in the afternoon on December 30th, 1973 would be stored as 1973- 12-30 15:30:00.

3) TIMESTAMP - A timestamp between midnight, January 1, 1970 and sometime in 2037.

This looks like the previous DATETIME format, only without the hyphens between numbers; 3:30 in the afternoon on December 30th, 1973 would be stored as

19731230153000 ( YYYYMMDDHHMMSS ).

4) TIME - Stores the time in HH:MM:SS format.

5) YEAR(M) - Stores a year in 2-digit or 4-digit format. If the length is specified as 2 (for

example YEAR(2)), YEAR can be 1970 to 2069 (70 to 69). If the length is specified as 4, YEAR can be 1901 to 2155. The default length is 4.

String Types:

Most data you'll store will be in string format. This list describes the common string datatypes in MySQL.

1) CHAR(M) - A fixed-length string between 1 and 255 characters in length (for example

CHAR(5)), right-padded with spaces to the specified length when stored. Defining a length is not required, but the default is 1.

2) VARCHAR(M) - A variable-length string between 1 and 255 characters in length; for

example VARCHAR(25). You must define a length when creating a

VARCHAR field.

3) LOB or TEXT - A field with a maximum length of 65535 characters. BLOBs are "Binary

Large Objects" and are used to store large amounts of binary data, such as images or other types of files. Fields defined as TEXT also hold large amounts of data; the difference between the two is that sorts and comparisons on stored data are case sensitive on BLOBs and are not case sensitive in TEXT fields. You do not specify a length with BLOB or TEXT.

5) TINYBLOB or TINYTEXT - A BLOB or TEXT column with a maximum length of 255

characters. You do not specify a length with TINYBLOB or TINYTEXT.

6) MEDIUMBLOB or MEDIUMTEXT - A BLOB or TEXT column with a maximum

length of 16777215 characters. You do not specify a length with MEDIUMBLOB or

MEDIUMTEXT.

7) LONGBLOB or LONGTEXT - A BLOB or TEXT column with a maximum length of

4294967295 characters. You do not specify a length with LONGBLOB or

LONGTEXT.

8) ENUM - An enumeration, which is a fancy term for list. When defining an ENUM, you

are creating a list of items from which the value must be selected (or it can be NULL). For example, if you wanted your field to contain "A" or "B" or "C", you would define your ENUM as ENUM ('A', 'B', 'C') and only those values (or NULL) could ever populate that field.

Conclusion:

Write what you have understood about databases and MySQL.

Exercise 1:

1. Which command is used for clearing the screen in MySQL?

2. What is difference between Oracle and MySQL?

3. Which are the major categories of SQL commands? Enlist the same with suitable

commands from each category.

5. Explain the various steps used to launch MySQL prompt both in Windows OS and Linux

OS.

Assignment No: 1

Aim: To Study SQL DDL, DML and DCL statements.

Title: Design and develop DB using various SQL objects like Tables, Views, Index on sample DB.

Theory:

Introduction to SQL:

The Structured Query Language (SQL) comprises one of the fundamental building blocks of modern database architecture. SQL defines the methods used to create and manipulate relational databases on all major platforms. SQL comes in many flavors. Oracle databases utilize their proprietary PL/SQL. Microsoft SQL Server makes use of Transact-SQL. However, all of these variations are based upon the industry standard ANSI SQL. SQL commands can be divided into three main types.

1. Data Definition Language (DDL)

2. Data Manipulation Language (DML)

3. Data Control Language (DCL)

1. DATA DEFINITION LANGUAGE (DDL)

It contains the commands used to create and destroy databases and database objects. These commands will primarily be used by database administrators during the setup and removal phases of a database project.

DDL Commands:

a) Create table command:

Syntax

CREATE TABLE table_name

column_name1 data_type(size), column_name2 data_type(size),

Example:

This example demonstrates hoPerson", with four columns.

The column Age".

CREATE TABLE Person

( LastName varchar(10),

FirstName varchar(10),

Address varchar(20),

Age int );

Creating table from another table (existing table):

Syntax:

CREATE TABLE tablename

[(columnname,columnaname)]]

AS SELECT columnname,columnaname

FROM tablename;

b) Alter table command: Once table is created within a database, one may wish to modify the definition of that table. The ALTER command allows making changes to the structure of a table without deleting and recreating it.

ALTER TABLE table_name

ADD (newcolumn_name1 data_type(size),

newcolumn_name2 data_type(size), .......);

Example:

ALTER TABLE personal_info

ADD salary int;

This example adds a new attribute to the personal_info table i.e. an employee's salary. Alter table command can be used to add a new column, drop or modify an existing column. c) Drop table command: DROP command allows us to remove entire database objects from our DBMS. For example, if we want to permanently remove the personal_info table that we created, one'd use the following command:

Syntax:

DROP TABLE/VIEW/INDEX table_name/view_name/index_name;

Example:

DROP TABLE personal_info;

d) SELECT Command The SELECT command is the most commonly used command in SQL. It allows database users to retrieve the specific information they desire from an operational database.

Syntax:

FROM tablename WHERE predicate

A1, A2 is the list of attributes and predicate is the condition which must be satisfied by the resulting rows.

Example:

Following command displays list of all last names in personal_info table:

SELECT last_name

FROM personal_info

The command shown below retrieves all of the information contained within the personal info table. The asterisk is used as a wildcard in SQL. This means "Select everything(all records) from the personal info table."

SELECT * FROM personal_info;

Finally, the WHERE clause can be used to limit the records that are retrieved to those that meet specified criteria. If someone is interested in reviewing the personnel records of all highly paid employees, the following command retrieves all of the data contained within personal info for records that have a salary value greater than 50,000:

SELECT * FROM account

WHERE balance > 50000

2. DATA MANIPULATION LANGUAGE (DML):

After the database structure is defined with DDL, database administrators and users can utilize the Data Manipulation Language to insert, retrieve and modify the data contained within it. a. INSERT COMMAND: The INSERT command in SQL is used to add records to an existing table. Format 1:-Inserting a single row of data into a table

Syntax:

INSERT INTO table_name[(columnname,columnname)] VALUES (expression,expression);

Example:

INSERT INTO customer values('xeta','lincon', calcuuta) Format 2: Inserting data into a table from another table

Syntax:

INSERT INTO tablename SELECT columnname,columnname

FROM tablename;

b) UPDATE COMMAND The UPDATE command can be used to modify information contained within a table.

Syntax:

UPDATE tablename SET columnname=expression,columnname=expression,..

WHERE columnname=expression;

Each year, company gives all employees a 3 % cost-of-living increase in their salary. The following SQL command could be used to quickly apply this to all of the employees stored in the database.

UPDATE account

SET balance=balance*1.03

c) DELETE COMMAND: The DELETE command can be used to delete information contained within a table.

Syntax:

DELETE FROM tablename

WHERE search condition

The DELETE command with a WHERE clause can be used to remove particular record from the account table.

Example:

DELETE FROM account

WHERE account-number=12345;

The following command deletes all the rows from the table account:

DELETE FROM account;

3. Data Control Language

These contain commands COMMIT and ROLLBACK.

COMMIT is used to permanently store all the modifications done to database objects. By default, AUTO COMMIT feature is ON in most of the DBMS. object before last COMMIT. Conclusion: Write your concluding points by analyzing various commands and their purpose.

Exercise 2/Viva Questions

1. SQL stands for?

2. How many types of SQL commands exist? Enlist the same.

3. How data retrieval can be achieved in case of RDBMS? Which command is used for the

same?

4. How one can modify the existing table?

5. Enlist DDL & DCL commands.

6. Write the syntax for creating a new table from existing table.

7. Write the syntax of SELECT command.

8. How do you communicate with an RDBMS?

9. How to create an index and view on existing table?

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