[PDF] Analysis of swarm earthquakes around Mt. Agung Bali Indonesia





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Gunawan et al. Geosci. Lett. (2020) 7:14

RESEARCH LETTER

Analysis of swarm earthquakes around Mt.

Agung Bali, Indonesia prior to November 2017

eruption using regional BMKG network

Mohamad

Taufik

Gunawan

1* ,Ridwan

Kusnandar

1 ,Pepen

Supendi

1,2 ,Andri Dian

Nugraha

2,3

Nanang

T.

Puspito

2,3 ,Daryono 1 ,David P.

Sahara

2,3 and

Zulfakriza

2,3

Abstract

km.Focalmechanismsolutions

Keywords:

mechanism© The Author(s) 2020. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing,

adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and

the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material

in this article are included in the article"s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material

is not included in the article"s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the

permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit

http://creat iveco mmons .org/licen ses/by/4.0/.

Introduction

(CVGHM),Mt.Agung(3.142 mabovethemeansea quakeactivitywasfeltbyaresidentinYehKoriVillagelocated6 kmsoutheastMt.Agung,intheregionofTian 1964
).In1963,?efirstmajorexplosionproduceda

JakartainwesternJava,adistanceofabout1000 km

fromthevolcano(SelfandRampino 2012
).?eeruption waytothecoast(Fig. 3).?eeruptioncausedmanycasu- 2012
Open Access*Correspondence:taufik.gunawan.bali@gmail.com 1

Agencyfor

Meteorology,Climatology,and

Geophysics(BMKG),Jakarta

10610,Indonesia

Page 2 of 9Gunawan et al. Geosci. Lett. (2020) 7:14 ofthevolcaniceruption(Kusumadinata 1964
).Ingen 1992
quakes2 monthspriortotheNovember2017eruption

Pandan(Santosoet al.2018),Jailolovolcano(Nugraha

et al.2018a),Bekancan(Nugrahaet al.2018b),thesouth ernpartofGarut,WestJava(Supendiet al. 2018
),West

Halmahera(Nugrahaet al.

2017b
)amongmanyothers.

Albinoet al.(

2019
)suggestedthatthedikeintrusion depthlessthan40 km.?eaimofthisstudyistoana tionspublishedbyBMKG.

Data and methods

Agung(Fig. 1)withasamplingfrequencyof40-100 Hz.

atMt.Agung.

On22September2017,thestatusofMt.Agungwas

Fig. 1

2017(M

L 4.2) Page 3 of 9Gunawanet al. Geosci. Lett. (2020) 7:14

Mt.Agungarea.CVGHMproducedVolcanoObser-

thecrater. cano(Nugrahaet al.

2017a;Widiyantoroet al.2018).

typeA(VT-A)andVTtypeB(VT-B)(McCauslandet al. 2017
;Iguchiet al. 2011
).Stressaccumulationiscausedby 2002
havetypicaldepthsofmorethan2 km,high-frequency content(morethan5 Hz),andcleartimeonsetsofP-and callyoccurredatashallowerdepth(1-2 km)andhada lowerfrequencycontent(1-5 Hz),andtheonsettime beforeexplodedtothesurface(Wassermann 2012

Seisgram2K(LomaxandMichelini

2009
)basedonkurto timesispresentedinFig. 2.Usingtheupdatedarrival usingtheHypoellipsecode(Lahr 1979
).A1-Dseismic velocitymodelofAK135(Kennettet al. 1995
)wasusedin 2001
system. schemedevelopedbyKuge( 1999
)wasappliedinthis lengthof20 sandfollowedbyband-passfilteringfrom

0.1to0.3 Hz.?eoptimummomenttensorsolution

reflectivitymethoddevelopedbyKohketsu( 1985

Result and discussion

AgungandMt.Batur(Fig. 3a).Tocheckthereliabilityof

timewasplotted(Fig. 4).Ingeneral,aVp/Vsratioof1.74

Vp/Vsdata,i.e.,1.73(SteinandWysession

2003
),indicat closetotheactualarrivaltime. morepreciselocations(Fig. 3b).?eimprovementofthe hypocenterrelocationisshowninFig. 5.Furthermore, alsosolved(Fig. 6).Afterrelocation,wecanseethatthe centratedatdepthsof0-20 km(belowsealevel)and showedtomoveshallowbeneathMtAgung. ageof40eventsperday(Fig. 7).?isincreaseofthe magmafromdeepintoshallowmagmastorage.An andlocated.Syahbanaet al.( 2019
)showedusinglocal Page 4 of 9Gunawan et al. Geosci. Lett. (2020) 7:14 eventsinthisstudy(Fig. 6blineC-D)areingoodagree beneathMt.AgungfromSyahbanaet al.( 2019
)which successfullyidentifiedfortheirmechanism(Fig. 8) with magnitudeofgreaterthan M L

3.Outofthose11events,

mechanism. Fig. 2 L

4.2)onBMKGseismicnetwork.Redandbluelines

Page 5 of 9Gunawanet al. Geosci. Lett. (2020) 7:14

Basedonthesourcemechanismanalysisfrom11

(Bronto 2006
toconfirmandrefinethisanalysis. Fig. 3 depictvolcanoes Fig. 4 Page 6 of 9Gunawan et al. Geosci. Lett. (2020) 7:14

Conclusion

renceandabsenceofVTeventsmightbeusedasan ofthemagmaticplumbingsystemofMt.Agung. Fig. 5 Page 7 of 9Gunawanet al. Geosci. Lett. (2020) 7:14 Fig. 6 presentedinFig. 3 Fig. 7 Page 8 of 9Gunawan et al. Geosci. Lett. (2020) 7:14 Fig. 8 Page 9 of 9Gunawanet al. Geosci. Lett. (2020) 7:14

Acknowledgements

1998

Authors' contributions

manuscript.

Funding

PPMB,ITB).

Availability of data and materials

Competing interests

tionoftheworkdescribedinthismanuscript.

Author details

1

Agencyfor

Meteorology,Climatology,and

Geophysics(BMKG),Jakarta

10610,Indonesia.

2

Centerfor

EarthquakeScienceand

Technology(CEST),

ResearchCenterfor

ung

40132,Indonesia.

3

GlobalGeophysicsResearchGroup,Facultyof

Mining

and

40132,

Indonesia.

Received: 8 March 2019 Accepted: 23 September 2020

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