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Evaluation of Hazards of

Pesticides Used in Forest

Spraying to the Aquatic

Environment

V. Zitko and D. W. Me Leese

Biological Station,

St. Andrews, N. B., EOG 2XO

December 1980

Canadian Technical Report of

Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences

No.985

Canadian Technical Report of

Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences

These reports contain scientific and technical information that represents an important contribution to existing knowledge but which for some reason may not be appropriate for primary scientific (i.e.

Journal) publication. Technical Reports are

directed primarily towards a worldwide audience and have an international distribution. No restriction is placed on subject matter and the series reflects the broad interests and policies of the Department of Fisheries and Oceans, namely, fisheries management, technology and development, ocean sciences, and aquatic environments relevant to Canada. Technical Reports may be cited as full publications. The correct citation appears above the abstract of each report. Each report will be abstracted in Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts and will be indexed annually in the Department's index to scientific and technical publications.

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1-456 in this series were issued as Technical Reports of the Fisheries

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of Canada. Numbers 457-714 were issued as Department of the Environment, Fisheries and Marine Service, Research and Development Directorate Technical Reports. Numbers 715-924 were issued as Department of Fisheries and the Environment, Fisheries and Marine Service Technical Reports. The current series name was changed with report number 925.

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on the availability of Technical Reports in hard copy may be obtained from the issuing establishment indicated on the front cover.

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Canadian Teclmlcal Report of

Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 985

December !980

EVALUATION OF HAZARDS OF PES TIC IDES USED IN FOREST SPRAYING

TO THE AQUATIC ENVIRONHENT

by v. Zitko and D. W. !'..:Leese

Fisheries and Environmental Sciences

Department of Fisheries and Oceans

Biological Station

St. Andrews, New Brunswick EOG 2XO

This is the one hundred and thirtieth Technical Report from thR Rio logical Station, St" N.B. ii @ Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1980

Cat. No. Fs 97-6/985 ISSN 0706-6457

Correct citation for this publication:

Zitko, v,, and D-. W .. Me 1980~ Evaluation of hazards of pesticides used in forest spraying to the aquatic environment. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 985, iii+ 21 p.

Zitko, V., and D. W. McLeese. 1980.

aquatic environment. Can. Tee iii

ABSTRACT

Evaluation of hazards of pesticides used in forest spraying to the

Fish. Aquat. Sci. 985, iii+ 21 p.

6-compartment equilibrium model and a 3-compartment kinetic (MacKay 1979) were used to assess the

hazards of forest spraying with pesticides to the aquatic environment. The models are based on physico

chemical properties and typical applIcation rates of pesticides. Estimated concentrations and laboratory

toxicity data are compared with those of fenitrothion, used extensively in forest spraying. Expected

environmental effects of other pesticides are then assessed relative to the known environmental effects of

fenitrothion .. Key words: Forest spraying, pesticides, fenitrothion, hazard assessment

Evaluation

Tech. Fish.

hazards of pesticides used in forest spraying to the • Sci. 985' i + 21 p. Nous avons evalue les dangers pour le milieu Rquatique de l'epandage de pesticides sur les forets a

1' aide d' un modele sta tique a six compartiments et d' un modele cinetique a trois compartiments (MacKay 1979).

Ces modeles se servent des proprietes physico-chimiques des pesticides et des doses typiques d'epandage. Les

concentrations estimatives et les donees toxicologiques de laboratoire sont comparees a celles du fenitro

thion, qui est tres utilise sur les forets. Les effets prevus des autres pesticides sur l'environnement sont

ensuite estimes, compte tenu des effets cunnus de fenitrothion. of it y ll 50
f"lJCAC ITY (F) lake

Oligotrophic lake

.3 3 151.6
of DDT in ';;rater Fugae

The der

described in these relationships is lXo -2- 0.098 al .. ids/water distribution coeffi ctent, where solids may be soil, sediment or log(Koc) solubility is expressed on 811 organic lOOK/org. carbon and has to ti ve values be fore in reporting Koc K)

3. 64 -o. 55 S)

and same "type ug/mL or \lg/L. is water, mg/L (Kenaga 1980).

In , the organlr carbon of

sediment was assumed l %, The

OCTANOL/\vATEt\ PARTIT COEFFICIENT (Ko•")

of > icate a the chemical by ity of s also generally increases increasing log(Kow), but there are many exceptions w-hen a highly spc:c i fie tclxic action is involved. The val of log(Kow) where

1977).

soluhil solubility water by using, 00 s v.s t.e r u.mol ou et al.

PARAMETERS f)F HODEL CHEr-IIC:>LS

pesticides have been fugae model. nonylphenol have ingred ien t.s of

T.i!e p.-3ra.meters w-ere

lhe liter .at or est im;1tt•ct anrl are summar zed in

Compar trnen t Dimensions, rn

So

Sediment 200*200*0.05

;.-J. -4- 21':3
3 of

Prince

Remarks

6 lakes (poi

Co.' t, 1 ake s ! 9L 5-4 7 these compounds .. as possible ..

Koc es only in

compartments containing solids (suspended solids, fugae ity s are t:VALUATlUN OF EQUlLIRRIUM CONCEN'TRATIONS of The equili degradatior, and no trflnsport it ion, needed to known. In forest into the air , a part of it soil and water t1ixing these cmnpartments may take a long time and the "transient" concentrations may the cqui l ibriurn ition, EEC's are affected by the assessm':_'::Dt of equilibrium model. INDEX constants and quantt can he pesticides, based on the ace urately

LC5G's) appears to be a usefu1

by the measure of risk ..

Table 7.

Trimethyl "

DDT

Fenitrcthion

Pho s ph amidon

P2rmethrin

Compound Water

Dimethyl "

TrimethyJ "

DDT

Permethrin

Carbaryl

Chlorpyrifos

Chlorpyrifos-methyl

Endrin

-5- l 59 the 56000
28000
l 7400 l

Fugacity rapacity (mol/m3 atm)

SuspG solids Sediment Aq biota

0. JE-1

0. 9E-l 0.9E6

5F~7 0. 5E9

C. 2E2 0.2E9

0. 3E l 0.3E8

0 .. 3E2 0. 3E9

O. 9El 0. 9E8

0.2E3 2Ei0

c .. lElO Soil 0.5E6
o. 0.3E6

0. 9E6

SE9 0.2E9

0. 3E7

0.3E8

0. 3E9

0. 9E8

0.2E o. lO -6-

Table for given Fig.

Input Concentration (pt:m)

Compound mol/k.rn

2

Air Water Sus. solids Sediment Aq. biota Soil

Naphthalene I;, l O. 2E-6 lE-4 O. lE-3 lE-2 O. JE-2 O.lE-2 Methyl naphthalene 25 2E-5 O.lE-3 0. 9E-3 9E-2 0.4E-l 0. 9E-2

Dimethyl

" 2E-5 4E-4 t!. 9E-3 9E-2 O. SE-1 0. 9E-2 Trimethyl 24 lE-5 O. SE-4 0. lE--2 O.lE-1 9E-l O. lE-l Dodecane 590 O. lE-3 0.4E-6 O. 3E-3 0. }E-2 SE-l 0.3E-2 Nonyl pheno] 78 0 .. 2E-5 J.8E-2 0. 8E-l O.SEO 0.8E-l

DDT 318 0.8E-7 •). SE-l 0. SEO 8El O.SEO

159 D. 3E-l 3EO l 0.3EO

80 ). lE-1 !EO 2E o.

trothion O.lE-1 o. 0. 4E-l O.lEO

O. SE-7 o. 3E-l 0. !EO

Aminocarb 8E-6 'l. JE-2 3E-l 4E-l (). 3E-

Trichlarfon 109 0= 7E-l0 o. 0. 6E--2 0. 6E-l SE-2 0 .. 6E-l Phosphamidon 58 0.7E-l0 O. 8E-l 0. SE-3 O.SE-2 O. SE-2 O.SE-2

30 0.4E-l0 O. 4E-l 0. 4E-3 0. 4E-2 4E-2 0.4E-2

Permethrin 0. 3E-7 2E-4 [), 9E-3 9E-2 0.9E-2

Carbaryl 39 3E-tJ 0. 2E-2 O. lE-1 lEO o. O. lEO

Chlorpyrifos 23 lE-7 3E-4 O.I;E-2 0.4E-l 0.3EO 0.4E-l Chlorpyrifos-methyl 23 0. 3E-7 2E-3 0. 4E-2 4E-l 0.3EO 0.4E-l

End rin 159 !E-7 21'2-3 0. 3E-l 3EO 0.3Ei 0. 3EO

Parathion-methyl 106 O. JE-8 0. 2E-2 0. lE-l ().lEt'> 5EO 0. lEO Table pest ides

Compound Species or group

Na

Methyl naphthalene shrimp

Tr

Dod.Pc.sne

Carbaryl

:·Jonylph.enol DDT Tr Lc

Aminocarb

crayfi Ch l

Chlorpyrifos-methyl

rhosphamidon s -7-

96-h LCSO

• 8

Ll-1.9

0.9 -0 .. 08

003-0. Ol

>H)

0.0004

0.00'1,

o. 135 8.7 OOi

0 .. 01-0 .. 03

Ol

8 LC~O)

0.004 (48-h

44 (48-h

L) Source

Neff

In 1\P f f ( 1 97 9

In In 9) 977)
97 )
1980)
197

Zicko a] (!977, l

Coates and OtDonnell-Je rey

.(1

Me Leese et al. ( 1980

Szeto

In (!97!)

In PimE>nte1 (1971)

Compound

Trimethyl "

?hosphamidon concentralion causing 3 SO? response laboratory .. 'For an applicAtion rate group

Lethality

0. 2E-4

10 0. SE-2

?E-1 for -8-

96-h (ng!L) Source

{L GOOf-' Ver lE3 2E3
lE5

Lor,..; risk

2ES 2E

Very high risk lE-l

lE-l

1E4 Ri.:.;k

1E4
2E3
2E2
lethal .2E-2 crayfish and , and &::•rlous , is pred

W"Duld be expected among lobsters

if the expected environmental concentration should lors, by d ibri1Jm concentratior.s in aquatic respective concentr3tions in water, are another useful quantitative tndex (T:J.ble 10). he consl dcr ed qual i tat ic;;t,•s that the· may leave by advection from this On thf· other hand 1 Consequently, the concen- be of the as in soJJ L:ndt?r (Li+Lj) j 7 pestir

D-3-·:idson

Trimethyl "

Nonylphenol

lene rate~E<_~~E'_!_ \o/ater Sediment Air Ln

The calculated transfer coefficients given

1 t,

Corrq;ound

Nonylphenol

DDT

Chlorpyrifos

Chlorpyrifos-methyl

KINETIC EQUATIONS

4.0E9

2.7Ei0

L9Ell

5. 'JEll

3. 3E Lquotesdbs_dbs29.pdfusesText_35

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