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MOROCCO POSTAL HISTORY (1852

1925)
An overviewof the Postal Historyof thatfascinatingcountry still philatelicallyunknown

03/09/2014Maurice Hadida Paris (France) THE COLLECTORS CLUB NY1

SUMMARY

ALITTLEHISTORY

CLOSUREDATES

CANCELLATIONSOFTHEFOURFOREIGNP.O.

THELOCALANDCHERIFIANP.O.

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ALITTLE HISTORY

1844FRENCHMOROCCANWAR

1860SPANISHMOROCCANWAR

1880CONFERENCEOFMADRID

1906CONFERENCEOFALGESIRAS

1911AGADIRCRISIS

PROTECTORATES

1956MOROCCANINDEPENDANCE

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THE BEGINNING OF THE DIFFERENT P.O.

AND THEIR STARTING DATES

1852FRENCH P.O. OF TANGIER

1857 BRITISH P.O. OF TANGIER

1870 SPANISH P.O.

1891 LOCAL POST

1892 CHERIFIAN POST

1899 GERMAN P.O.

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CLOSURE DATES

1911ENDOFTHELASTLOCALPOSTCOURIERSERVICE

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STAMPS USED BY THE FOUR FOREIGN P.O

(French, British, Spanishand German)

Spanishcurrrency(centimosandpesetas)

overprintedMoroccoAgencies pesetas)

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CANCELLATIONS OF THE FOUR FOREIGN P.O : THE FRENCH P.O.

1852TANGER*

1855TANGERALGERIE(bureaudedistribution)

1884TANGERMAROC

1887(1/05)TANGERMAROC(bureauderecette)

TANGER * 29/10/1852

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TANGER ALGERIE 14/04/1863

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OUTRE-MER MARSEILLE 15/11/1873

coverfromTangierto Bordeaux 8/11/1873 cancelled2240 at Marseille

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TANGER ORAN 25/02/1876

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MAROC MARSEILLE 9/12/1878

coverfromCasablanca to Italy, second weightstep, cancelledat Marseille on transit, strikePurifié Frioul

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TANGER MAROC 24/03/1886 (bureau de distribution)

registeredcoverfromTangierto Lyon first weightstep

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TANGER MAROC 14/12/1888 (bureau de recette)

second weightstepregisteredcoverfromTangierto Germany

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UNION MARSEILLE 27/10/1890

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French stampsoverprintedin Spanishcurrency(centimosand pesetas) Second weightstepregisteredcoverfromTetouanto Paris 9/12/1900 The Général André wasthe WarMinisterat the time of the Dreyfus case

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CANCELLATIONS OF THE FOUR FOREIGN P.O : THE BRITISH P.O. The mail wasstampedA26, smallthenlarge, at Gibraltar

1872 TAsGIER(withthe invertedN)

1878 TANGIER A

Between1886 and 1907 openingof 8 offices all attachedto Tangier: nameof the office and MOROCCO; ovalcancellation for the registeredcovers

The earliestknownletterfromMorocco

handledby the British Postal Agency and sent via Gibraltar fromCasablanca to London 3/10/1860

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The Gibraltar Post Office issued4 stampson 26/09/2007 to celebratethe 150th anniversary of the Gibraltar P.O. and the first British Postal Agency in Moroccoand the centenaryof the end of theirresponsabilityfor thispostal service afterthe handoverto London : the previousshowncoverillustratesthe 1£ value

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Large A26

coverfromTangierto Lyon 3/08/1883

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TAsGIER (withthe invertedN)andSmall A26

coverfromTangierto Ireland 19/01/1873

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TANGIER A

coverto Gibraltar 16/11/1882

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Bermuda stampsoverprintedGIBRALTAR in 1886

All the offices receiveddatestampsand A26 handstamps

CoverfromTangierto USA 19/03/1886

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GIBRALTAR STAMPS UNTIL 1898

second weightstepregisteredcoverfromTangierto Victoria (British Colombia)

6/12/1892

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GIBRALTAR STAMPS UNTIL 1898

second weightstepregisteredcoverfromTangierto Buenos Aires 29/01/1896 Argentina was, for the UPU, a country of categoryB (40 cts first weightstepinstead25 cts)

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GIBRALTAR STAMPS OVERPRINTED MOROCCO AGENCIES FROM 1898

CoverfromMazagan to San Francisco 15/09/1898

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GIBRALTAR STAMPS OVERPRINTED MOROCCO AGENCIES FROM 1898

RegisteredcoverfromMazagan to USA 5/06/1905

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CANCELLATIONS OF THE FOUR FOREIGN P.O : THE SPANISH P.O. CORREO ESPAÑOL EN AFRICA withthe nameof the city C. ESPAÑOL EN MARRUECOS withthe nameof the city

CORREO ESPAÑOLEN AFRICA or CORREO ESPAÑOL withthe nameof the city and with(or without) a full center losange of 84 points

For the registeredcoversovalhandstampCORREO ESPAÑOL EN AFRICA CERTIFICADO or C. ESPAÑOL EN MARRUECOS CERTIFICADOS withthe nameof the office or rectangularof twodifferentsizes

CORREO ESPAÑOL EN AFRICA CERTIFICADO

RegisteredcoverfromAlcazarquivirto Spain 1/10/1872

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C. ESPAÑOL EN MARRUECOS

Second weightstepcoverfromTangierto London 8/02/1873

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CORREO ESPAÑOL EN AFRICA

(witha full center losange of 84 points) coverfromTangierto Lyon 9/09/1879

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CORREO ESPAÑOL

coverfromTetuanto Lyon 13/10/1882

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C. ESPAÑOL EN MARRUECOS CERTIFICADOS

RegisteredcoverfromTangierto Casablanca 2/02/1890 (registration fees75 cts)

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Front froma registeredparcelpost fromMogador to Hamburg22/11/1896

8th weightstep, the highestfrankingrecordedto date withSpanishstampsusedin Morocco

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SpanishstampsoverprintedCORREO ESPAÑOL MARRUECOS

RegisteredcoverfromTangierto Paris 13/04/1906

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CANCELLATIONS OF THE FOUR FOREIGN P.O : THE GERMAN P.O.

1890/1899mail carriedby the steamshipsof the Germanmaritime

companies: ATLAS Linie, O.P.D.R and Woermann, rectangular cancellationson GermanstampsAUS WEST AFRIKA or AUS WEST AFRIKA MIT HAMBURGER DAMPFER or ovalof the WoermannCywith DEUTSCHE SEEPOST LINIE HAMBURG WESTAFRIKA and the numberof the line

20/12/1899 openingof 7 offices includingTangierthe main agency

1910/1911 openingof 9 more agencies

UPU rates until15/11/1907, thenGermandomesticrates for mail to

Germany

AUS WESTAFRIKA

coverfromMogador to Hamburg12/04/1893

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AUS WESTAFRIKA MIT HAMBURGER DAMPFER

coverfromMazagan to Hamburg24/06/1895

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WOERMANN LINE

DEUTSCHE SEEPOST LINIE HAMBURG WESTAFRIKA

thirdweightstepcoverfromMogador to Hamburg10/09/1899

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First issue (20/12/1899 -30/09/1900) : Germanstampsfrom1899 overprintedMAROCCO and Spanishcurrency(centimosand pesetas) ThirdweightstepregisteredcoverfromTangierto Greece18/05/1900

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Second issue (1/10/1900 -30/09/1905) : Germanstampsfrom1900 (Reichpost) overprinted

MAROCCO and Spanishcurrency(centimosand pesetas)

FourthweightstepregisteredcoverfromFez to Germany 9/12/1904

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Thirdissue (1/10/1905 -1911) : Germanstampsfrom1905 (Deutsches Reich) overprinted MAROCCO (gothic) and Spanishcurrency(centimosand pesetas) RegisteredcoverwithAR fromMazagan to Tangier14/11/1907

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PARCEL POST FROM CASABLANCA TO GERMANY 17/03/1906

EARLIEST DATE KNOWN TO DATE

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Fourthissue (1911) : Germanstampsfrom1905 (Deutsches Reich) overprintedMAROKKO (gothic) and Spanishcurrency(centimosand pesetas) MONEY ORDERS FROM ALKASSAR 27/04/1913 and CASABLANCA 19/05/1913 TO FEZ The frankingscorrespond to a rate of 1% of the total amountof the money order

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AGADIR CRISIS (1/07/1911 -15/11/1911)

KAISER DEUTSCHES MARINE SCHIFFSPOST N°80 (SMS PANTHER) CoverfromAgadir to Germany 27/09/1911 PrintedMatterRate

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WWI:CoverfromLarachetoDanmark11/10/1915

Tetuan.

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THE LOCAL POST

Thefirst initiative wastakenby Mr. Brudoin Mazagan

20 privatecouriersfromtownto townwerecreatedbetween1891

and 1906 Someof themgeneratedseveralstampsissues includingdue stamps for bothof them Withthe exception of the couriersof Brudo(1891/1900), Abudarham (1894/1901) and Marx (1893/1911) theirlifespanwasshort (2 to 4 years) and evenveryshort (4 to 15 months)

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THEMIXED FRANKINGS

Moroccowasnot part of the UPU; so, the mail to overseasor a city of Morocconot servedby a privatecourierline and frankedby the local postsstampshadto beremittedto one of the four foreignP.O. who completedthe frankingwiththeirstamps: theseare the mixed frankings. Mixed frankingsare generallyscarce; thosewherethe local post providedthe final legof the route, are doublyso. MAP OF THE 20 LOCAL COURIER POSTS AND NATIONALITIES OF

THEIR ENTREPRENEURS

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THE FIRST LOCAL POST : ISAAC BRUDO FROM MAZAGAN TO MARRAKECH

January1891 -July 1900

RegisteredcoverfromMazagan to Marrakech 19/08/1892 frankedwiththe first twoissues

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CoverfromMarrakech to Algiers21/02/1894

Mixed frankingwithFrench P.O. frankedwiththe thirdissue (risingsuntype)

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CoverfromMarrakech to Italy5/02/1900

Mixed frankingwithFrench P.O. frankedwiththe fourthissue (gazelle huntingtype)

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CoverfromLyon to Marrakech 22/01/1900

Mixed frankingwithLocal Post providingthe final legof the route frankedwiththe due stampsissue

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THE BRITISH AND ITALIAN CONSULATES LOCAL POST SERVICE : CARLO MORTEO AND SPINNEY FROM MAZAGAN TO MARRAKECH (April 1897-July 1900)

RegisteredcoverfromMarrakech to Tangier1/08/1897

Mixed frankingwithBritish P.O.

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Mr. M. BENSIMON FROM FEZ TO MEQUINEZ

(January1897 -May 1901)CoverfromMequinezto USA 10/07/1898

Mixed frankingwithBritish P.O.

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THE CHERIFIAN POST

1892 creationof the CherifianPost by H.M the King of Morocco, mail carriedby the rekkas(intrepidand tirelessfoot-postmen)

13 offices openedin 13 cities, eachone hadtwohandstamps: one octagonaland one circular; theseare the CACHETS MAGHZEN

6 colours: violet, black, blue, red, green and orange (in increasingorderof rarity)

In total thereexist156 strikes(78 octagonaland 78 circular)

Handstampsreplacedin 1912 by stamps

1913 (1/10) mergerwiththe French P.O. to createthe CherifianOffice of Posts

Samerulesas the Local Posts/UPU (seemixed frankingsslide 48)

THE REKKAS

INTREPID AND TIRELESS FOOT-POSTMEN

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FORERUNNER MARRAKECH 1310 (1892)

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THE 13 OCTAGONAL HANDSTAMPS

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OCTAGONALS : THE 6 COLOURS

CPF 08/04/2014 Maurice Hadida60

CIRCULARS : THE 6 COLOURS

CPF 08/04/2014 Maurice Hadida61

RegisteredcoverfromAgouraïby Meknesto Oran 16/12/1912

Mixed frankingwithFrench P.O.

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CoverfromFez to Reims 13/07/1912

Mixed frankingwithFrench P.O.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY (1/2)

ARACIL Francisco: Historia Postal de las Antiguas Dependencias Españolas en Africa, Tomo III, Ifnia Marruecos, Madrid, Edifil, 2007.

BENATAR & GUIGUE: Les timbres-poste du Maroc. Amiens, Yvert& Tellier, 1930. BENEZRA Jacques: Les oblitérations et griffes de la Poste Chérifienne. Paris, SPLM, 2003. BENZIANE Khalid: Les oblitérations et griffes des postes de Fès. Paris, SPLM, 2004. BENZIANE Khalid et SANCHEZ Thierry: Les oblitérations de Tanger. Paris, SPLM, 2006.

BOETSCH Jean: Les Postes Locales du Maroc, 1977.

BONNAFOUS Camille: La Poste Locale du Maroc. Casablanca, Imprimeries réunies, 1953. BRUNEL Georges: Les Postes au Maroc. Paris, Editions des publications modernes, 1913. CHAPIER Georges: Les oblitérations du Maroc. L'Ġchangisteuniversel, 1955.

CLOUGH R. Kenneth: British Post Offices and Agencies in Morocco: 1857-1907. The Gibraltar StudyCircle, 1978 et 1984.

DE LANGRE Jean et COTTER Angel: Etude sur les Postes Chérifiennes et les Cachets Maghzen. Casablanca, Cotter Philatélie, 1970.

EXELMANS & POMYERS: Maroc Postes Françaises. Amiens, Yvertet Tellier, 1948.

FRIEDEMANN Albert: Die Postwertzeichenund Entwertungender DeutschenPostanstaltenin den Schutzgebietenund in Auslande. Leipzig,

1921.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY (2/2)

GARCIA Richard: The British Postal Service in Morocco 1749-1906. London, Postal History Society & the British Philatelic Trust, 2009.

GERLACH Hans-Henning & BIRKEN Andreas: Deutsche Kolonienund deutsche Kolonialpolitik. Band 5: Marokkound Türkeimit

GUILLEN Pierre͗ L'Allemagne et le Maroc de 1870 ă 1905, PUF 1967. HAIK Jean: Les Postes Locales et Privées du Maroc. Paris, SPLM, 2004. HOFSTETTER Henri, LESUEUR & EXELMANS: La Poste Locale du Maroc. Amiens, Yvertet Tellier, 1945.

SANCHEZ Thierry: Les obliterationsdes postes françaises du Maroc entre 1852 et 1956. Paris, SPLM, 2005 and 2014.

STOTTER David: The British Postal Service in Morocco 1907-1957. London, Postal History Society & the British Philatelic Trust, 2009.

TOURNIER Gaston: Les Marques Postales Militaires du Maroc. Amiens, Yvertet Tellier, 1931.

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MOROCCO POSTAL HISTORY (1852

1925)
An overviewof the Postal Historyof thatfascinatingcountry still philatelicallyunknown

THANK YOU VERY MUCH

03/09/2014Maurice Hadida Paris (France) THE COLLECTORS CLUB NY66

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