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COUNTRIES FACTSHEETS 2017

INTRODUCTION

This compilation of factsheets provides a

country-based overview, aimed at facilitat ing the Directorate General for Development and Cooperation (DG DEVCO) and Delegations to quickly identify a state of vulnerability in a country and supporting them in the prioritiza tion process of programming EU interventions on sustainable agriculture, food security and nutrition sectors. It represents indeed a basic source of background information of the country.

Synthesizing information for easy use in the

decision-making process guided this work. It's part of the Joint Research Centre (JRC) strategy for knowledge management in the EU policy formulation cycle.

Each fiche is a four-page document with country's

key information on agriculture, development, trade, food and nutrition security and public intervention in the sector.

Relevant information on the countries is given

through a set of indicators and a short narrative and factual text. A?er an introduction and a table displaying statistics on economy, agriculture, human development and food and nutrition security, specific sections follow. In the Country overview section, main data and information about policy, economy, climate events and migration are reported. The Agriculture section focuses on the importance of the agricultural sector in the country's economy and the main crops grown. The Food availability section shows data on agricultural production (taking into account food items only for human consumption) and trade (based on the imports and exports of agricultural products). Trade statistics are from the COMTRADE database, thus they do not include informal cross-border trade. The informal trade plays significantly in food trade and food security in developing countries. The data presented here tends to underestimate the actual volume traded.

The Food and nutrition security section reports

the food security situation as per the time of fiche writing; since it is about acute food insecurity, the situation may have changed a?erwards. The section gives sometime the recent evolution that helps the reader to understand the risk of sustained food insecurity despite climatic factors. The nutrition part focuses on chronic undernutrition, i.e. stunting, and it gives the scenario about reaching the WHA 2025 targets.

Finally, the Public intervention in the sector section illustrates the Government budget for the agriculture, and food and nutrition security sector, the projects and programs put in place and external subsidies provided, with a focus on the EU contribution. Access to information on Public interventions is dicult since they are usually kept in oces, with little publication on the web for many countries.DG DEVCO"s priority countries for which the che has been delivered are: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, CAR, Tchad, Colombia, Cote D'ivoire, Cuba, Djibouti, DPRK, DRC, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea Bissau, Haiti, Honduras, Kenya, Lao-PDR, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritanie, Mozambique, Myanmar/Burma, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Palestine, Pakistan, Republic Of Angola, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Island, Somalia, South Sudan, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, The Gambia, Timor-Leste, Uganda, Vanuatu, Yemen, Zambia and Zimbabwe.Data and information have been sourced from a number of relevant national as well as international bodies, including national statistics agencies, Ministries, IPC, The World Bank, UNDP, FAOSTAT, COMTRADE, WHO and Europaid. They were up-to-date at the time the document had been nalized. Aerward, some of the data were revised and updated by the data providers. Aer this “rst" product, a step forward has been taken: in 2017 has been created a dynamic version of the country ches with the Qlik-Sense technology that allows users (primarily DG DEVCO and Delegations) to freely dig in the data and visualize information they are more interested in, which is the key concept oered by the Qlik soware framework. Another advantage of the interactive version of the country ches is the larger amount of indicators and data integrated in each dashboard (factsheet) and the timely update of information in the database. The dynamic version is now part of the JRC agro-economic data portal (DataM -

https://datam.jrc.ec.europa.eu).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This document was produced in the framework of the Administrative Arrang ements (AA) "Technical

Support for Food and Nutrition Security" (TS4FNS), signed between DG DEVCO and the JRC of the European

Commission.

JRC researchers of two different units (D.4 and D.5) have prepared and edited the fiches, in cl ose collabora tion. Francois Kayitakire and Arnaldo Caivano were the coordinators of the proj ect; Ilaria Proietti contribut

ed to the production, edited part of the factsheets and updated all of them; Celso Gorrin worked on the

template and on the automatic retrieval of data from external sources th rough DataM. The following JRC staff dra?ed the fiches: Jose Rodriguez Llanes, Estefania Custodi o, Tharcisse Nkunzimana, Joysee Baide Rodriguez, Pedro Andrés Garzon Delvaux, Aymeric Ricome, Ana Pérez

Hoyos, Federica Di Marcantonio, Anne

Schucknecht, Michele Meroni, Pascal Tillie, Tévécia Ronzon, Laura Riesgo, Felix Rembold and Herve Kerdiles.

The fiches benefited from inputs by several staff from DG DEVCO.C1 unit, in particular by Gianpietro De Cao,

Farah Merhi Abou, Maria Elena De Esteban Rodrigo and Philippe Thomas. Sara Peláez Sánchez contributed to the proof-reading, scientific critical review of the content and format of the document.

AFGHANISTAN

ANGOLA

BANGLADESH

BENIN

BHUTAN

BOLIVIA

BURKINA FASO

BURUNDI

CAMBODIA

CAMEROON

CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

COLOMBIA

COTE D'IVOIRE

CUBA

DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF KOREA

DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO

DJIBOUTI

ERITREA

ETHIOPIA

FIJI GHANA

GUATEMALA

GUINEA BISSAU

HAITI

HONDURAS

KENYA

LAO PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC

LIBERIA

MADAGASCAR

MALAWI

MALIMAURITANIEMOZAMBIQUE

MYANMAR/BURMA

NAMIBIA

NEPAL

NICARAGUA

NIGER

NIGERIA

PAKISTAN

PALESTINE

PAPUA NEW GUINEA

RWANDA

SAO TOME and PRINCIPE

SENEGAL

SIERRA LEONE

SOLOMON ISLAND

SOMALIA

SOUTH SUDAN

SRI LANKA

SUDAN

SWAZILAND

TANZANIA

TCHAD

THE GAMBIA

TIMOR-LESTE

UGANDA

VANUATU

YEMEN

ZAMBIA

ZIMBABWE

COUNTRIES

MAURITANIE

MOZAMBIQUE

MYANMAR/BURMA

NAMIBIA

NEPAL

NICARAGUA

NIGER

NIGERIA

PAKISTAN

PALESTINE

PAPUA NEW GUINEA

RWANDA

SAO TOME and PRINCIPE

SENEGAL

SIERRA LEONE

SOLOMON ISLAND

SOMALIA

SOUTH SUDAN

SRI LANKA

SUDAN

SWAZILAND

TANZANIA

TCHAD

THE GAMBIA

TIMOR-LESTE

UGANDA

VANUATU

YEMEN

ZAMBIA

ZIMBABWE

Total population (World Bank - World development indicators 2016): 34,65 million people

Rural population

(% of total population): 72.8

GDP per capita

($ US current): 561.8

GINI Index

i 2010:
no data available

Gender Inequality Index

(GII 2015): 0.667

Agricultural indicators

ii

Value %Year

Value added of the agriculture (% of GDP)21.92016

Employment in agriculture

(% total employment)No data foundNo data found

Development indicators

iii

Value Year

HDI - Human Development Index (Rank : 169 / 188 )0.4792015

Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines

(% of population)35.82011

Food and nutrition security indicators

iv

Value %Year

Prevalence of stunting, height for age (% of children under 5)40.92013

Prevalence of wasting, weight for height

(% of children under 5)9.52013

Prevalence of undernourishment

(% of population)26.82015

Food-insecure population

(% of total population) 49.92016

Population in food crisis

(% of total population)32.02016

Country overview

Agriculture

5

Afghanistan is progressively recovering from more than three decades of conflict. The partial withdrawa

l of the international forces in 2014 has led to a further deterioration in the security situati on with persistent clashes between government forces and armed opposition groups 1 . Afghanistan is the country third most at risk of humanitarian crisis, acco rding to the Index for

Risk Management (INFORM). Afghanistan is rich in natural resources, however it is one of the poorest countries in the world

ranked 171 out of 188. In 2011, more than one-third of the population was li ving below the national poverty line. Economic growth averaged 9% between 2002 and 2012, but declined to 3.7% in 2013 and

2% in 2014 due to conflict, protracted political

transition, slow reforms and decreased investor and consumer confidence. Unemployment and underemployment are very high.

Agriculture: contributes to around 22% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The se ctor employs 59%² of the total Afghan workforce. Approximately, 80% 3 of the population is engaged in agriculture directly or in secondary or tertiary activities. Livestock production contributes to 3.8% of the National GDP and 15% of the agricu ltural GDP valued.

Natural disasters

4

Afghanistan's dry climate and mountainous landscape make it prone to several natural hazards, including

flood (10% of households -hh- affected in 2016), droughts (5% hh affected) and earthquakes (7% hh affected) that further erode

the resilience of millions of Afghans. UN estimates that over 250,000 people are affected by natural disasters every year in

different parts of the country.

Migration

1

some 5.8 million Afghan refugees have returned to Afghanistan since 2002, including some almost 620,000

who have come from Pakistan in 2016 alone due to the conflict. Since 1 January, over 89,000 undocumented Afghans have

returned from Pakistan and over 300,000 have returned from Iran. The influx of the returnees has s trained the capacity of

existing services and caused concerns over the living conditions of those returning. A further 2.45 million Afghans are still living

as refugees in neighbouring Iran and Pakistan. 623,000 are the number of internally displaced in December 2016

Agriculture is the backbone of Afghanistan's economy. Afghan subsistence agriculture cannot fulfil the country's needs, event in

the bumper production years. Moreover, ongoing conflict has damaged the agricultural sector due to limited

access to land and

agricultural inputs. With a varied geography and topography, only an estimated 12% of the country's total land is arable, 3% is

under forest cover, 46% is under permanent pastures, with 39% being mountainous. Some 38% of households (1.4 million) in Af ghanistan own any irrigated farm land due to highly variable rainfall. Land holding size and type vary both between and within provinces, with average farm size ranging between 1-2 ha. Wheat is the staple crop, -mainly winter-sown but spring wheat also in the coldest zones - accounting for 70% percent of total cereal consumption in Afghanistan. Maize and barley are mainly used as stock-feed. Tree crops are very important for subsistence and for sale as apricots, mulberry, grapes, pomegranates, orchard crops and nuts. Several types of summer and winter vegetables, melons, onions, tomatoes, are also produced both for domestic consumption and sale. Afghanistan is the world's largest poppy producer, with 201, 000 6 ha under cultivation in 2016 (10% increase from previous year). The planting period for crops, except the winter wheat, is between March and October. Livestock is a major source of income and food for Afghan farmers. For some, such as the Kuchi nomads, animals are the only source of income.

Afghanistan

2017

Afghanistan

GLC-Share

Quantity (1 000 tonnes)Area Harvested (1 000 ha)Yield (kg/ha) Crops

Years201320142013201420132014

Grapes610744.862.1278.49,829.209,500.00

Vegetables fresh560584.36263.69,032.309,186.10

Barley514521278342.41,848.901,521.30

Rice, paddy512.15372052202,498.002,440.90

Maize3123161421272,197.202,488.20

Years

20132014

Tonnes

(1 000 tonnes)

Fisheries (fish, crustaceans, molluscs) 1.00-

Meat322.11313.72

Eggs18.0018.50

Milk1,835.201,767.29

Heads

Sheep13,141,00013,485,000

Goats7,037,0007,059,000

Cattle5,235,0005,349,000

Quantity

(1 000 tonnes) Value (of total agricultural imports)Million euros Year 2013

Total agricultural imports1,285.67100.001,216.57

Rice644.3326.08317.23

Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other acquatic invertebratesN/A16.14196.40

Meat and edible meat offalN/A15.77191.87

Cane or beet sugar and chemically pure sucrose, in solid form318.2012.00146.03

Animal or vegetable fats and oilsN/A11.54140.43

Production

Quantity

(1 000 tonnes) Value (of total agricultural imports)Million euros Year 2013

Total agricultural exports12,092.76100.001,616.57

Cocoa beans, husks, skins and shells535.6964.411,041.22

Nuts (including coconut)212.5020.22326.82

Animal or vegetable fats and oilsN/A9.21148.93

Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits11,283.302.7344.19

Other roots and tubers

(manioc, sweet potatoes, etc.)25.980.9214.85

Food availability

Production

7

Imports

8&9

Exports

Source: FOSTATSource: FOSTAT

Average annual cereal production of Afghanistan is 6 million tonnes (t). Final production estimates national authorities indicate

that 4.5 million t of wheat were harvested in 2016, some 3.7 million t w ere produced under irrigated conditions and 83,000 t from rainfed areas. In 2015, exported US$ 571,405 and imported US$ 7,722,865, resu lting in a negative trade balance of US$-7.152 million. The importance of the agricultural sector in the econ omy and the export earning is relevant. The export

commodities included (27%) dried fruits, 10% medicinal plants, 8% wool and 7% fresh fruits. The top export destinations are

Pakistan, India, Iran and United Arab Emirates. Afghanistan's main imports are: petroleum (33% of total imports), machinery and

equipment (15%) and food items -mainly wheat flour from Pakistan and Kazakhastan.

Afghanistan

Source: ComtradeSource: Comtrade

Food and nutrition security

10

Food security

EU Analysis of nutrition

11 IPC

An IPC analysis for the post-harvest season August to November 2017 estimated that over 7.5 million people (nearly 32% of

the population) were in IPC Phase 3 (Crisis) or IPC Phase 4 (Emergen cy) and a further 9.9 million were in IPC Phase 2 (Stressed

The most food-insecure population in Afghanistan is repeatedly in the provinces of Badakhsan, Ghor, Daykunki and Wardak.

Moreover, Badgish faces Emergency food insecurity (25%) and other provinces such as Bamyan (14%), Saripul (10%) and Khost

(10%) had a greater proportion of its population in an Emergency phase . Over the past three years, the food security situation has slightly deteriorated, with an increase in the number of people faci ng insecurity (Phase 2 or higher) between the post-har

vest periods of 2014-2017. Food insecurity in Afghanistan is severe, recurrent and widespread. One of the main drivers o

f food

insecurity is conflict and civil insecurity. As a consequence, access to food is restricted. Actually, internal conflicts and conflicts

in Pakistan brought displacement to Afghanistan, with escalating intensity in the border that limited resource

s. Low coping

capacity and poor resilience made Afghans more vulnerable to man-made disasters and particularly, natural hazards. Limited

food production and availability of food supply remain also the main drivers of food-insecurity. Economic factors, such as lack

of employment opportunities, widespread poverty, limited market functionality and food price fluctuation, entrench food security.

In Afghanistan, rates of stunting are among the highest in the world (almost three million stunted children under five years

of age), as are rates of child mortality (one child in ten dies before reaching their fi?h birthday). The availability of robust and

comprehensive data remains a challenge given widespread insecurity, but there are indications that stunting has somewhat

improved (having fallen from 59.3% in 2004 to 40% in 2013) whilst levels of wasting have remained constant. Micronutrient

deficiencies including iron, zinc, iodine and vitamin A are alarming with over 40% prevalence of anaemia in both women and

children. The line graph shows the historic trend in prevalence of stunting and the forward projection (based upon data until

2012) with the current average annual rate of reduction (AARR) of -0.

29% (brown dotted line) as well as the projected AARR

of 3.69% (blue line) to meet the WHA target. No national target has be en defined for children under five. In 2012, 2 840 000

children under-five were stunted. Given the current trend and considering the population growth, 2 880 000 children will be

stunted in 2025. However, the WHA target calls for additional efforts by government and development partners to reach an extra

1 180 000 children and avert them from stunting.

EC

Afghanistan

Public Intervention in the sector

BudgetGovernment orientation in the sector

Subsides

Afghanistan's core national 2016 budget expenditure has been estimated at about 444.

6 billion Afghanis

($ 6.6 billion) of which 276.1 billion ($ 4.1 billion) is ordinary b udget and 168.5 ($2.5 billion) is a developmental budget. A 20% of the budget is allocated to Infrastructure and natural r esources, whereas a 7% is allocated to agriculture and rural development and a 6% is allocated to health 12 Afghanistan Food Security and Nutrition Agenda (AFSANA) , adopted by the Government of the Islamic Republic of

Afghanistan (GIRA) in 2013. AFSANA is a comprehensive and cross-sectorial policy and strategic framework for

food security and nutrition.

Food Security and Nutrition (FSN) Strategy

2015-2019 from the Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock

(MAIL). The overall goal of the FNS is to achieve food security and nutrition at national and household level. For

this purpose, the following strategic objectives are being pursued: 1) Ensure the availability of sufficient food for all

Afghans, 2) Improve economic and physical access to food, especially by vulnerable and food insecure population

groups, 3) Ensure stable food supplies over time and in disaster situations and 4) Promote healthy diets, adequ

ate food utilization and good nutrition practices particularly by women and children. National Comprehensive Agriculture Development Priority Program adopted by the GIRA in 2016-2020, is a

strategic framework for agricultural development in which, the emphasis will shi? towards a farmer centric view

from the current institutional view. The strategic framework sets seven key priorities: 1) improving irrigation

systems, 2) wheat and cereal production, 3) development of industrial and high value horticulture crops and vege tables, 4) livestock development, 5) climate-change sensitive natural resource management, 6) food and nutrition security and resilience building and 7) institutional reform.

The European Union has adopted the

Multi-annual Indicative Programme for the period 2014-2020 (1.4 billion

euros). The fund will focus on vital sectors for growth and social stability (29%), such as rural development and

agriculture (30.5% of the funds), health (25%), and strengthening de mocracy in the country (15%). The overall

objective of the agricultural and rural development part is to improve the sustainability and increase the wealth of

rural populations, by enhancing the social and economic development of rural communities and reducing hunger and vulnerability.

Afghanistan is highly dependent on foreign aid. A number of dierent programs supported by development partners

and donors (e.g. USAID, FAO) are targeting individuals, communities and organizations to support food security and agriculture. These include some examples as: Afghanistan Agricultural Extension Project II (AAEP II) from USAID (October 2014-September 2016) with $

20 million o-budget, which aims to build the technical and teaching

capacity of MAIL to deliver eective and sustainable extension services to Afghan farmers. National Horticulture and Livestock Project (NHLP) from World Bank (December 2016- December 2018)

with a total estimated project cost of US$ 90 million, focusing on three agricultural components: 1) Hor

ticultural production, 2) animal production and health and 3) Implemen tation Management and Technical

Assistance Support.

i

Gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income (or, in some cases, consumption expenditure) among individuals or househol

ds within an economy deviates from a perfectly

equal distribution. Gini index of 0 represents perfect equality, while an index of 200 implies perfect inequality. Example : in 2011, Belgium : 28.4 - Benin : 43.6

ii

Value added of the agriculture (% of GDP):

Source Worldbank - Agriculture corresponds to ISIC divisions 1-5 and includes forestry, hunting, and shing, as well as cultivation of crops and livestock

production. Value added is the net output of a sector aer adding up all outputs a

nd subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated

assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. Example : in 2

014, Sierra Leone : 56 - Germany : 0.7

Employment in agriculture (% of total employment): Source Worldbank - The agriculture sector consists of activities in agriculture, hunt ing, forestry and shing, in accordance with division 1 (ISIC

2) or categories A-B (ISIC 3) or category A (ISIC 4).

iii

HDI - Human Development Index:

source UNDP (HDR 2014) - A composite index measuring average achievement in three basic dim ensions of human development—a long and healthy life, knowledge and a decent standard of living. Example : in 2014, Norway : 0.9

44 - Burundi : 0.400. Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population):

source Worldbank percentage

of the population living below the national poverty lines. National estimates are based on population-weighted subgrou

p estimates from household surveys. Example : in 2010, Madagascar:

75.3 - Turkey: 3.7

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