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Madagascar

Anenvironmental

profile P. S

Compiledby

IUCNConservationMonitoringCentre

V(o^

MADAGASCARANENVIRONMENTALPROFILE

WORLDCONSERVATIONMONITORINGCENTRE

IUCN sustainabledevelopment; organisations; servicespleasecontactthe:

IUCNSecretariat,WorldConservationCentre

withintheUNsystem. areofbenefittoman.

UNITEDNATIONSENVIRONMENTPROGRAMME

MADAGASCARANENVIRONMENTALPROFILE

EditedbyM.D.Jenkins

Preparedby

TheIUCNConservationMonitoringCentre

Cambridge,U.K.

1987

WideFundForNature.

Nature.

Edited

ISBNNo2-88032-607-9

CoverDesignJamesButler

coast:NASA/UNEP.

BaobabAdansoniaza:M.Pidgeon.

IndriIndriindri:WWF/J.J.Petter

Availablefrom:IUCNPublicationsServices,

219cHuntingdonRoad,CambridgeCB3ODL,U.K.

CONTENTS

Pagenumber

IXIntroduction

PARTI.PHYSICALGEOGRAPHY]

1.1.Geology1

1.2.Relief2

1.3.Soils4

1.4.Climate5

Temperature5

Rainfall5

Bioclimates6

Cyclones7

1.5.Hydrography7

Riversystems7

Lakes8

Hydrology9

PARTII.HUMANGEOGRAPHY1

1

II.1.Populationestimatesandgrowthrates11

11.2.Distributionofpopulation11

11.3.Ethnicdivisions1

1

11.4.Agriculture14

Landuseandfarmstructure15

Cropproduction16

Livestock20

PARTIII.FLORA,VEGETATIONANDFORESTCOVER23

111.1.Flora23

Diversity23

Endemism23

Affinitiesoftheflora24

Originsoftheflora25

111.2.Vegetation27

Easternregion27

Westernregion29

Secondaryformations30

111.3.Forestcoveranddestruction32

Easternforests(inc.Sambiranodomain)32

Westernforests33

Southernforests35

Centralhighlands35

Montanevegetation36

111.4.Forestexploitation36

Timber36

Otherforestproducts37

111.5.Reafforestation37

111.6.Ethnobotany38

Introduction38

ThepotentialvalueoftheMadagascanflora38

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AnenvironmentalprofileofMadagascar

PARTIV.MARINEANDCOASTALECOSYTEMS47

IV.1.Relief47

IV.2.Mangroves47

IV.3.Coralreefs48

Distributionofreefs48

Conservationofreefs50

GrandRecifproposedMarineNationalPark51

NosyBe54

Offshoresandcays55

PARTV.FAUNA59

V.l.Birds60

V.2.Mammals63

V.3.Amphibiansandreptiles66

V.4.Fishes72

V.6.Terrestrialmolluscs80

V.7.Freshwatermolluscs87

V.8.Marinemolluscs90

V.9.Nonmarinecrustaceans96

V.10.Marinecrustaceans99

V.l1.Otherinvertebrates106

PARTVI.PROTECTEDAREAS109

Introduction109

Legislation109

Administration109

Totalareaunderprotection110

Informationsheets111

Montagned'AmbreNationalPark112

IsaloNationalPark115

TsaratananaNaturalReserve121

AndringitraNaturalReserve123

LokobeNaturalReserve126

AnkarafantsikaNaturalReserve128

TsingydeNamorokaNaturalReserve131

TsingydeBemarahaNaturalReserve132

LakeTsimanampetsotsaNaturalReserve134

AndohahelaNaturalReserve137

MarojejyNaturalReserve140

AmbohitantelySpecialReserve144

BezaMahafalySpecialReserve145

NosyMangabeSpecialReserve148

Perinet-AnalamazoatraSpecialReserve149

AnalabePrivateReserve152

BerentyPrivateReserve156

PARTVII.OTHERIMPORTANTAREAS157

Rainforestareas157

ForestsofMaroantsetra157

MasoalaPeninsula159

SihanakaForest160

Ranomafana160Nonrainforestareas162

AnkaranaMassif/AmbilobeKarst162

AnkaratraMassif163

LakeIhotry164

ZombitseForest164

Contents

APPENDIX1.ENVIRONMENTALLEGISLATION167

A.Specieslegislation167

B.Internationalagreements168

APPENDIX2.FAUNALLISTS169

Birds170Mammals178

Reptiles181

Amphibians188

Fishes193

Butterflies(exceptHesperidae)197

Nonmarinemolluscs204

Nonmarinecrustaceans213

APPENDIX3.SPECIESACCOUNTS217

A.Birds218

Tachybaptuspelzelnii218

Tachybaptusrufolavatus220

Ardeahumbloti221

Anasbernieri223

Aythyainnotata225

Haliaeetusvociferoides226

Eutriorchisastur228

Mesitornisvariegata230

Mesitornisunicolor231

Moniasbenschi233

Sarothrurawatersi234

Amaurornisolivieri236

Charadriusthoracicus237

Couadelalandei238

Tytosoumagnei239

Brachypteraciasleptosomus240

Brachypteraciassquamiger242

Atelorniscrossleyi243

Uratelornischimaera245

Neodrepanishypoxantha246

Phyllastrephusapperti248

Phyllastrephustenebrosus249

Phyllastrephuscinereiceps250

Xenopirostrisdamii251

Xenopirostrispolleni252

Monticolabensoni254

Crossleyiaxanthophrys255

Newtoniafanovanae257

B.Mammals(lemurs)263

Allocebustrichotis263

Cheirogaleusmajor264

Cheirogaleusmedius266

Microcebuscoquereli268

Microcebusmurinus269

Microcebusrufus271

Phanerfurcifer

Avahilaniger274

/"rfr;/'"drj276

Propithecusdiadema278

Propithecusverreauxi279

Daubentoniamadagascariensis282

Hapalemurgriseus284

Hapalemursimus286

Lemurcatta288

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AnenvironmentalprofileofMadagascar

Lemurcoronatus290

Lemurfulvus291

Lemurmacacomacaco295

Lemurmacacoflavifrons297

Lemurmongoz298

Lemurrubriventer301

Lepilemurruficaudatus303

Lepilemurdorsalis304

Lepilemuredwardsi310

Lepilemurleucopus305

Lepilemurmustelinus307

Lepilemurmicrodon308

Lepilemurseptentrionalis309

Vareciavariegata31

1

C.Reptiles314

Geocheloneradiata314

Geocheloneyniphora31

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