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This file is part of the following work:

Daquin, Françoise Marie Danielle (2020) Slavery and feminism in the writings of Madame de Staël. PhD Thesis, James Cook University.

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https://doi.org/10.25903/5f07e50eaaa2b Copyright © 2020 Françoise Marie Danielle Daquin. The author has certified to JCU that they have made a reasonable effort to gain permission and acknowledge the owners of any third party copyright material included in this document. If you believe that this is not the case, please email researchonline@jcu.edu.au i i .-htp:/-vi/stuavalu/av/ert/bpaeavnl/fC/ d-i-ut/it/ e-F./ i -./012&%$ 3/.&$ 4/0&$55$ 46789: &0 -$(.'/., ;<;< -2. *#$ +$=.$$ 2> 42?*2. 2> @#&52%2A#, &0 *#$ B255$=$ 2> 6.*%C D2?&$*, /0+ E+'?/*&20

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Intellectual support

Editorial assistance Dr Janice Wegner

James Cook University

Primary

Advisor

Dr Claire Brennan

James Cook University

Secondary Advisor

Formatting Katharine J Fowler

Academic Consultant

Financial support

Research costs JCU Postgraduate research funding

Scholarships Australian Government APA

(Australian Postgraduate Award)

Fee Exemption

Scholarship

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Feminism

............................................................................................................................... iv

Slavery

.................................................................................................................................. ivL

Intersection of Feminism and Slavery in Madame de Staël's Writin gs ................................. vL ;27'(.%3.5%$,($,- <0-,.%3.='2,(-

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1.1 Background

...................................................................................................................... 1L

1.1.1 De Staël and slavery ............................................................................................................ 19

1.2 Research Questions and Thesis Structure

...................................................................... 23L

3.1 Women in the Ancien Regime

....................................................................................... 59L

3.2 The Enlightenment and Feminism

................................................................................. 62L

3.2.1 Enlightenment thinking about gender ................................................................................. 63

3.2.2 Societal changes during the Enlightenment. ....................................................................... 66

3.2.3

the Frnrcean of the Enlightenment ...................................................................................... 74

3.2.4 Rousseau and the Romantic Movement. ............................................................................. 80

3.2.5 Enemies of the Enlightenment ............................................................................................ 83

3.2.6 Feminists in the eighteenth century ..................................................................................... 85

3.3 The French Revolution

.................................................................................................. 87L

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4.1 The

23'0%,%43+,5

Influence on Madame de Staël's Thought and Feminism ................ 97L

4.2 Madame de Staël and

Revolutionary Politics

.............................................................. 107L

4.3 The Role of Salons and Literature in Madame de Staël's Femini

sm .......................... 112L

4.3.1 Salons in Paris and in Coppet ............................................................................................ 112

4.3.2 Madame de Staël's nationalism and cosmopolitanism ..................................................... 118

4.3.3 Feminism in Madame de Staël' s literature ....................................................................... 121

4.3.4 De Staël's self-representation in her literature .................................................................. 132

4.4 De Staël's Advocacy for Women's Education

............................................................ 133L

4.5 The Role of Faith in de Staël's Feminism

................................................................... 135L

4.6 The Singularity of de Staël's Feminism

....................................................................... 139L vii dCn0u/FlAelLF/h.Clb:nN/Fm \8X E)#6%'* 1( &:% M'%(2: D.).(1%7

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5.2.1 French writers on slavery. ................................................................................................. 149

5.2.2 The P

hilosophes' position on slavery ................................................................................ 153

5.2.3 The church and slavery ..................................................................................................... 166

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5.3.1 Philanthropy and slavery ................................................................................................... 169

5.3.2 French slavery and revolutionary politics ......................................................................... 173

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6.2.1 De Staël's literature and abolitionism ............................................................................... 187

6.2.2 Didactic writings ............................................................................................................... 197

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7.3.1 Life events that shaped de Staël's perception of analogies between women and slaves .. 205

7.3.2 Analogy between conjugal destiny and the slave status ................................................... 208

7.3.3 Napoleon, the oppressor of women and slaves ................................................................. 211

7.3.4 Enslavement of women to passions and relationship to feminism .................................. 218

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My enthusiasm for Madame de Staël's

literature goes back to my school years in France. Over the last decade, I became re-acquainted with her work and saw, as a mature adult, another dimension to her work, as I share her passion for liberty, equality and justice. While numerous writers and philosophes of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries were studied and celebrated continuously since their deaths, de Staël's work was rather neglected for a long period, especially her political writings. L !!E:%! 515!(.&! =.77%77!&:%! )1&%'#'*! '.$1(%(2%! .,!Q.-77%#-! .'!D:#&%#-<'1#(54! (.'!&:%! =.)1&12#)!#-&:.'1&*! .,!Q.<%7=1%''%! .'! c#=.)%.(8!!"(!:1(571+:&4 .,! 1$=.'&#(2%8!! K7!7:%! ;#7!<%&&%'! ?(.;(!#7! #!(.6%)17&! #(5!)1&%'#'*! 2'1&124!: %'! =.)1&12#)! :17&.'1#(74! 1(!M'#(2%! #(5!#<'.#58! !>;.! 5%2#5%7!#+.4! &: %!DeStaëa lnd sëvlnd Dë.rytn99nd initiated the formidable task of compiling and editing her work, and the recent commemoration of the bicentenary of her death in 2017 prompted the publication of several books thereby reviving interest in her work. a #(5!%W-#)1&*8 t

Aurelian Craiutu, "Flirting with republicanism: Mme de Staël's writings from the 1790s," ."-%&'(%)(*+&%,-./(

01-." 36, 3 (2010), 343 https://doi.org/10-1016/j.hiseuroideas.2010.05/2019 (accessed 25 February 2019).

h

"R!+,7+9+(!+"1A,.+,+/"2-&3../-(1-(4-.567(8(,%6.-.9.6(,%&-&..-:((Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2016), 2.

Books that were published in 2017: Leonard Burnand, Stephanie Genand and Catriona Seth (dir.).

2-&3../-(1-(4-.56(--(;-/<.3./(=%/"-./-7(6>-",&.-(1-(6.(6.?-&-@((Paris: Perrin, 2017); Michel Auboin,

A.1.3-(1-(4-.56(%+(6>./--66.B-/9-(,%6.-.C+-((Paris: Omnibus, 2017); Stéphanie Génand, D.(=E.3?&-(F%.&7(

2-&3../-(1-(4-.56(--(6.(,-/"@-(1+(/@B.-.) (Genève: Droz, 2017); Erick Egnell,(G/-(H-33-(-/(I%6.-.C+-7(

2-&3../-(1-(4-.56((Paris: De Fallois, 2017); Marina Priebe, D-"(3%1-"(1-("%9..?.6.-@(.+(9E.--.+(1-(=%,,--(

J(6>@,%C+-(1-(2-&3../-(1-(4-.56 (Genève: Droz, 2017). Most of de Staël's works were also re-edited, often

in compilations such as A.1.3-(1-(4-.567(D.(I."".%/(1-(6.(D.?-&-@((Paris: Laffont, 2017). 2 da:b/s pNt :tFlvapbl/-:i -/d 2l?p :tFlvapbl/-:i 2t:bld N-? l/vi Mtt/ -n8/lUvtdstd :tnt/pvi Mi Nb?pl:b-/?O P:lh Nt: t-:vi U:bpb/s? dt kp-Lv ?-U ?bhbv-:bpbt? MtpUtt/ pNt U-i? pN-p ?v-Ft? -/d Ulht/ Ut:t p:t-ptd -/d Nt: -/-vi?b? lu pNt?t :tna:? pN:lasNlap Nt: Ul:8O A? J-db?N :th-:8?C pNt 2t:bld lu pNt P:t/nN -/d nlvl/b-v xtFlvapbl/? U-? - pbht UNt/ nv-??C st/dt: bdt/pbpbt? -/d :-nt Ut:t Mtb/s :t/tslpb-ptdO 0Nt 5at?pbl/b/s lu p:-dbpbl/-v :lvt? da:b/s pNt?t pa:Mavt/p tFt /p? :-b?td Ulht/=? -U-:t/t?? lu pNtb: lU/ ?aMl:db/-pbl/ -/d pNt nl/dbpbl/? lu pNt 4v-n8 ?v-Ft? -/d b/pt/?bubtd pNtb: th2-pNi plU-:d? pNthO #3bvtC t?p:-/stht/pC uttvb/s? lu b/ut:bl:bpi -/d vl?? lu bdt/pbpi Ut:t u-npl:? pN-p vtd Ulht/ pl bdt/pbui UbpN pNt u-pt lu ?v-Ft? -/d -np l/ pNtb: MtN-vuO A? Nb?pl:b-/ kae-//t Jtt/ ?asst?p?y hth2-pNi b? lupt/ -??lnb-ptd UbpN pNt hl:-v thlpbl/ ?ih2-pNi D-v?l n-vvtd th2-pNtpbn nl/nt:/% -/d pNa? UbpN -vp:ab?pbn -npbl/Oj #*!&:%7%!&;.!2#&%+.'1%7!1(&%'#2&%54! #(5!#'+-%7!&:#&!=.7& B +%(5%'8 /%7<.'5%7 B f#)$.'%4! D:#').&&%!/#'5

4! E.=:1%!/.1(! #(5!g)*$=%! 5%!G.-+%7! ,'.$!&:%!

#+#1(7&!&:%!#-&:.'1&*!.,!&:% c%6%'&:%)%774!

L#517:

/%7=1&%!&:17!=%'2%=&16%! #(#)*717 4 3 :1)%!5%!E&#J)!).6%5!#(5! '%7=%2&%5! :%'!,#&:%'4! 7:%!W-%7&1.(%5! =#&'1#'2:*!+%(%'#))*4! #)&:.-+:!7:%! 515!(.&! ,1+:&!1&! a

Suzanne Keen in Doris Y. Kadish, TuSkEc DéNueIkSEc DéuënépMuxE réGohEëéGcaSEc éaëéSkEéTcEë,kéfoMoëauMé

pMuxEcié(Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2012), 3. m "_+"-*+!()"<)"\'(+8/"Oecawué(1823), Marceline Desbordes-Valmore, HFd ,MuxEéESéHFOa Eue (1819), Charlotte Dard,

HuéfkuehaçcEéutca,uaëE (1821), Sophie Doin, HuétuhaMMEéëoacEéoeéHuéScuaSEénEéMFE ,MuxuIE (1825) and

Olympe de Gouges,

NE,MucuSaoëéotéSkEéVaIkS éotéGohuëéuënéSkEéTEhuMEéfaSaqEë (1791) and pMuxEciéotéSkEé

AMu,w (1792).é

t

"lganJD 2-6. For instance, Oswald's father who prevents him marrying Corinne, and Pauline's tyrannical

husband, who is also a slave-owner. r "_+0.:(!"7<%))!

1(512#&%7!&:#&!5%!E&#J)97!(.6%))#!vrs.I'aUNt:tb/ pNt 2vlp dt-v? UbpN pNt ?v-Ft p:-dtC h-i N-Ft

b/uvat/ntd Nt: u-pNt:=? 2lvbpbn-v ?p-/nt b/ pNb? 2-:pbnav-: ?2ttnNO !!L#517:!(.&%7!&:.-+:!&:#&! ygfapriIitgfaygaJIaTsIitgab/ 7`_aC ctn8t: 5at?pbl/td P:-/nt=? hl:-vbpi -/d Nah-/bpi UNt/ ul:pa/t? Ut:t h-dt b/ pNt nlvl/bt? -p pNt t32t/?t lu lpNt: Nah-/ Mtb/s? UNl Ut:t Mtb/s p:t-ptd vb8t -/bh-v?O '%<%))%5!#+#1(7&!&

N17&.'1#(7!E-7#(!

#!61&#)!'.)%!1(!&:%!2#-7%!.,!,'%%5.$ >:%!;.'?!.,!31(.2?! %2:.%7!&:17!15%#4!(.&1(+!&:#&!5%!E&#J)97!<..?!hga dwJJgbIkig -//la/ntd pNt n:t-pbl/ lu - /tU P:t/nN vbpt:-pa:t b/ UNbnN uttvb/s?C thlpbl/? -/d t/pNa?b-?h dlhb/-ptC - st/:t pN-p U-? l22l?td pl c-2lvtl/=? /tlnv-??bnb?h -/d pNt #/vbsNpt/ht/p=? :-pbl/-vb?hO !!M'%(2:!,%$1(17&!

J. Christopher Herold, 4. DSs aDeavramRs (New York: Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1958), 45-448; Eric Egnell,

Frsaës22sasradeg.D.Mns, 43-4; Michel Winock, 4v9v2sa9saEDvigba(Paris: Librairie Fayard, 2010), 22-44.

t .4)"-A'(."+,<".4)"5)A5*)M"1A,.+,+/"3sS2v.rsa9saEDvig, 43. Ld "f!,A7U/"4v9v2s, 48-50. LL La ed. Doris Y. Kadish (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2000), 41. L "_+*")."*?&@(!l')E/"6v0.sS aEDvig.sr b64 (Paris: Editions Champion, 2014), 71; Herold, 4. DSs b 29; Madelyn Gutwirth, "Mme de Staël's debt to Phèdre: 6eS.rrs", EDn9.s a.ra je2vrD.k. 2a3, 3 (Spring 1964), 168. Lo

W)(9+!,)"<)"=.+>*E/"...enSrvgaeëaD0sa1. DeStaeëay9sv a72, 2 (2011), 231-54; Jane Elizabeth Wilhem, "La

traduction, principe de perfectibilité chez Mme Staël", 4sDvh...enSrvga9s a!Sv9nkDsnS Y4sDvh!Svr gvDeS a

...enSrvga49, 3(2004), 692-705. https:/www.erudit.org/fr/revues/meta-v49-nmeta816/009387 (accessed 20

September 2014).

Lc "f!,A7U/"4v9v2sba391-92. 4

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