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The country risk assessment considers four sub-factors: Economic risk, • Institutional and governance effectiveness risk, • Financial system risk, and • Payment culture and rule-of-law risk.

Growth and Institutions:

A Revie w o f th e

Evidenc

Janine

Awn

Africa's

disappointing economic performance, the East Asian financial crisis, and the weak record of the former Soviet Union have focused attention on the role of institutions in determining a country's economic growth. This article critically reviews the literature that tries to link quantitative measures of institutions, such as civil liberties and property rights, with growth of gross domestic product across countries and over time. An impor- tant distinction is made between indicators that measure the performance or quality of institutions and those that measure political and social characteristics and political insta- bility. The evidence suggests a link between the quality of institutions and investment and growth, but the evidence is by no means robust. I wish to assert a much more fundamental role for institutions in societies; they are the underlying determinant of the long-run performance of economies. Nort h 1990
10 7 Th e rol e o f institution s i n promotin g growt h i n developin g an d emergin g economie s ha s sparke d renewe d interes t i n recen t year s (Worl d Ban k 1993
1997

Stiglit

z 1998)
A burgeonin g literatur e thu s seek s t o determin e th e exten t t o whic h th e qualit y o f publi c an d privat e economi c institutions th e particula r structur e o f governance an d th e exten t o f socia l capita l (o r civi c engagement affec t growth

Evidenc

e fro m globa l cross-countr y econometri c studie s i s potentiall y importan t becaus e th e paucit y an d weaknes s o f bot h macroeconomi c an d institutiona l dat a fo r man y developin g coun trie s preclud e robus t polic y interpretation s o n a country-by-countr y basi s (Srinivasa n 1995
La i an d Myin t 1996)
I f ther e i s clea r evidenc e tha t wea k politica l an d economi c institution s signifi cantl y hampe r growth policymaker s migh t propos e measure s tha t strengthe n insti tution s i n particula r way s o r tha t encourag e mor e appropriat e politica l structure s (Aro n 1996)
Fo r instance

Africa

n countrie s usuall y for m a significan t par t o f th e The World Rank

Research

Observer,

voL 15, no. I (February

2000),

pp 99-13
5 200
0 Th e

Internationa

Ban k fo r

Reconstructio

nquotesdbs_dbs17.pdfusesText_23

[PDF] Growth and Institutions: A Review of the Evidence

What is the Beri index?

What is Beri framework?

What is business environment risk intelligence?

Growth and Institutions:

Evidenc

Janine

Africa's

Stiglit

Evidenc

Africa

Research

Observer,

2000),

Internationa

Reconstructio