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1

INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW

HUMAN RIGHTS AND PEACE OPERATIONS

2INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF HUMANITARIAN LAW

INSTITUT INTERNATIONAL DE DROIT HUMANITAIRE

ISTITUTO INTERNAZIONALE DI DIRITTO UMANITARIO

3 The International Institute of Humanitarian Law would like to thank Ms Shirley Morren, librarian of the Institute, together with Ms Jackie McArthur, Australian intern at the Institute, who were both involved in the painstaking task of proof reading. 4

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS / REMERCIEMENTS / RINGRAZIAMENTI

L"Istituto Internazionale di Diritto Umanitario ringrazia vivamente i Governi e gli Enti che hanno concesso un contributo finanziario o il patrocinio per la Tavola Rotonda. The International Institute of Humanitarian Law warmly thanks those Governments and Bodies that have given either a financial contribution or their patronage on the occasion of this Round Table. L"Institut International de Droit Humanitaire tient à remercier les Gouvernements et les Organisations qui ont donné leur appui financier ou bien leur patronage à l"occasion de cette Table Ronde. 5

BRITISH RED CROSS

CAMERA DI COMMERCIO DI IMPERIA

CASINÒ DI SANREMO

COMPAGNIA DI SAN PAOLO

COMUNE DI SANREMO

CONFARTIGIANATO DI IMPERIA

CONFCOMMERCIO, IMPERIA

CONFINDUSTRIA DI IMPERIA

CROCE ROSSA ITALIANA

CROIX-ROUGE MONÉGASQUE

INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE RED CROSS

MINISTERO DEGLI AFFARI ESTERI, Roma

MINISTÈRE DES AFFAIRES ÉTRANGÈRES ET EUROPÉENNES, Paris

NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANISATION

PROVINCIA DI IMPERIA

REGIONE LIGURIA

SWEDISH MINISTRY FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS, Stockholm

SWISS MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS, Berne

UNIONE EUROPEA

6COUNCIL MEMBERS

President:

Ambassador Maurizio MORENO (Italy)

Vice-Presidents:

Prof. Michel VEUTHEY (Switzerland)

Associate Professor, University of Nice

Prof. Fausto POCAR (Italy)

President of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia

Dr. Baldwin DE VIDTS (Belgium)

Legal Advisor to the Secretary-General of NATO

Members:

Dr. Mohammed AL-HADID (Jordan)

President of the Standing Commission of the Red Cross/Red Crescent

Movement

Prof. Mario BETTATI (France)

Special Representative of the French Minister of Foreign Affairs

Brigadier General Erwin DAHINDEN (Switzerland)

Director of International Relations of the Swiss Armed Forces

Dr. Ndioro NDIAYE (Senegal)

Deputy Director, International Organization for Migration

Prof. Yoram DINSTEIN (Israel)

Tel Aviv University

7Prof. Jacques FORSTER (Switzerland)

Member of the International Committee of the Red Cross.

Prof. Dr. Wolff HEINTSCHEL VON HEINEGG (Germany)

Dean of Law Faculty, Viadrina University

Prof. Marie G. JACOBSSON (Sweden)

Principal Legal Advisor, Swedish Minister of Foreign Affairs

Dr. Michael A. MEYER (UK)

Head of IL Office, The British Red Cross

Judge Hisashi OWADA (Japan)

International Court of Justice

Prof. William H. TAFT IV (USA)

Stanford University

CITY OF SANREMO

ITALIAN RED CROSS

Dr. Stefania BALDINI

Secretary-General

8

TABLE OF CONTENTS / TABLE DE MATIÈRES / INDICE

Preface

Opening address

Maurizio MORENO

President of the International Institute of Humanitarian Law (IIHL)

Welcome addresses

Stefania CRAXI

Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Italy

Marco ANDRACCO

Deputy Mayor of Sanremo

Keynote address

Jakob KELLENBERGER

President, International Committee of the Red Cross

Addresses

Vincenzo CAMPORINI

Chief of the Defence General Staff, Italy

Claudio BISOGNIERO

NATO Deputy Secretary-General

Raimund KUNZ

Head of the Directorate for Security Policy, Federal Ministry of Defence, Protection of the Population and Sports, Switzerland

Pier Virgilio DASTOLI

Director of the Representation in Italy of the European Commission

Christopher LAMB

Special Advisor, International Relations, International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

Massimo BARRA

President, Italian Red Cross

16 19 26
30
32
39
43
46
49
53
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9THE APPLICABILITY OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW

TO PEACE OPERATIONS

De l"applicabilité du droit international humanitaire aux opérations de paix : pour des approches juridiques, militaires et éthiques

Michel VEUTHEY

Vice-Président, IIDH; Professeur Associé, Institut du Droit de la Paix et du Développement, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, France Peace operations, an operational and legal concept The evolution of peace operations, from interposition to integrated missions

Corinna KUHL

Chief, Peacekeeping Best Practices Section, United Nations À propos du cadre juridique des opérations de maintien de la paix

Louis BALMOND

Professeur de Droit International, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, France;

Membre, IIDH

The applicability of international humanitarian law to peace operations: a settled issue? The applicability of international humanitarian law to peace operations, from rejection to acceptance

Daphna SHRAGA

Principal Legal Officer, Office of the Legal Counsel, Office of Legal Affairs, United

Nations

International humanitarian law and peace operations, scope of application ratione materiae

Marco SASSOLI

University of Geneva, Switzerland

International humanitarian law and operations conducted by the European Union

Gert-Jan VAN HEGELSOM

Legal Advisor, Council of the European Union

59
70
77
90
100
107

10THE APPLICATION OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW

TO PEACE OPERATIONS: SPECIFIC ISSUES

Interaction of the legal regimes in peace operations Peace operations and the complementarity of human rights law and international humanitarian law

John P. CERONE

Associate Professor, Director, Centre for International Law and Policy, New England

School of Law, USA

The legal status of United Nations and associated personnel in peace operations and the legal regime protecting them

Ola ENGDAHL

National Defence College, Sweden

The law of occupation: a

corpus juris relevant for peace operations? The applicability of the law of occupation to peace forces

Tristan FERRARO

Legal Advisor, International Committee of the Red Cross Substantial relevance of the law of occupation for peace operations

Marten ZWANENBURG

Legal Advisor, Ministry of Defence, The Netherlands International humanitarian law and the administration of territories by the United Nations Administration of territories by the United Nations: is there room for international humanitarian law?

Steven RATNER

Law Faculty, University of Michigan, USA

Understanding the international territorial administration accountability deficit: Trusteeship and the legitimacy of international organizations

Ralph WILDE

Reader and Vice-Dean for Research, Faculty of Law, University College, London, UK 115
126
133
157
169
175
11

IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW

IN PEACE OPERATIONS

Working Group 1:

Peace operations and the protection of civilians

The responsibility to protect: an introduction

Edoardo GREPPI

Professor of International Law, University of Torino, Italy; Member, IIHL Protection of civilians in peace operations, or the "operationalisation" of the responsibility to protect

Gareth EVANS

President, International Crisis Group, Belgium

The responsibility to protect and international humanitarian law

Michael BOTHE

Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; Member, IIHL

Working Group 2:

Peace operations and detention

Right to detain during peace operations: some legal and operational issues

Bruce OSWALD

Senior Lecturer in Law, University of Melbourne Law School, Australia Detention in peace operations: a practical approach

Jérôme CARIO

Legal Advisor, Centre de Doctrine d"Emploi des Forces, Forces terrestres, France; Chef du Bureau Recherche, Division Recherche Retour d"Expérience The Copenhagen Process on the handling of detainees in international military operations

Thomas WINKLER

Acting Legal Adviser, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Denmark 201
223
228
232
238
248

12Working Group 3:

Peace operations and the repression of international humanitarian law violations

Introduction

Fausto POCAR

President, International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, The Hague;

Vice-President, IIHL

The role of peace forces in searching for persons charged with war crimes

Theodor MERON

Judge, Appeal Chamber, International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia,

The Hague; former President, ICTY; Member, IIHL

Peacekeeping operations and the International Criminal Court

Olivia SWAAK-GOLDMAN

Office of the Prosecutor, International Criminal Court Preventing and reporting violations of international humanitarian law

William H. TAFT IV

Former U.S. Permanent Representative to NATO; University of Stanford, USA;

Member of the Council, IIHL

Working Group 4:

Responsibility and compensation for damages caused during peace operations

Introduction

Elinor HAMMARSKJÖLD

Director, Department of International Law and Human Rights, Ministry of Foreign

Affairs, Sweden

Operational command versus organic command: who is in charge?

Ferdinando SANFELICE DI MONTEFORTE

Former Italian Military Representative to the EU and NATO; Professor of Military

Strategy

Violations of international humanitarian law committed during peace operations and individual criminal responsibility

Maria TELALIAN

Legal Advisor, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Greece

255 259

268
277
283
285
289

13RELATIONS BETWEEN HUMANITARIAN ORGANISATIONS AND PEACE FORCES

Civil-military co-operation: common sense or pandora"s box?

Denis CAILLAUX

Special Representative, Global Movement for Children (GMC); former Secretary-

General, CARE International; Member, IIHL

La médiatisation des opérations de paix sert-elle le respect du DIH ?

Benoît d"ABOVILLE

Ancien Représentant Permanent de la France à l"OTAN; Conseiller Maître en Service Extraordinaire à la Cour des Comptes; Membre, IIDH REPORTS OF THE WORKING GROUPS ON THE APPLICABILITY OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW TO PEACE OPERATIONS Group 1: Peace operations and protection of civilians

Group 2: Peace operations and detention

Group 3: Peace operations and the repression of international humanitarian law violations Group 4: Responsibility and compensation for damages caused during peace operations

IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW

IN PEACE OPERATIONS

The teaching, dissemination and implementation of

international humanitarian law in peace operations

General introduction

Erwin DAHINDEN

Head of International Relations, Ministry of Defence, Switzerland; Member of the

Council, IIHL

The ICRC perspective

Jacques FORSTER

Member of the International Committee of the Red Cross; Member of the Council, IIHL

297 301

312
318
321
324
331
339

14The United Nations perspective

Ben KLAPPE

Judge at the Military Court in Arnhem, Royal Netherlands Army; former Special Assistant to the United Nations Military Advisor; Member, IIHL

The NATO perspective

Baldwin de VIDTS

Legal Advisor to the Secretary-General, NATO; Vice-President, IIHL

The European Union perspective

Frederik NAERT

Legal Advisor, Legal Service, Council of the European Union

CONCLUSIONS OF THE ROUND TABLE

Concluding remarks

Philip SPOERRI

Director of International Law and Relations with the Movement, International

Committee of the Red Cross; Member, IIHL

Closing address

Maurizio MORENO

President, International Institute of Humanitarian Law M

ESSAGES

Presidente della Repubblica Italian

Giorgio NAPOLITANO

Ministro degli Affari Esteri, Italia

Franco FRATTINI

Ministro della Difesa, Italia

Ignazio LA RUSSA

Ministro dello Sviluppo Economico, Italia

Claudio SCAJOLA

Segretario del

Pontificium Consilium de Iustitia et Pace, Città del Vaticano

Giampaolo CREPALDI

Représentant de l"Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie

Alassane TIGRI

344
348
352
356
362
366
367
368
369
370
372

15Président de la Croix-Rouge Monégasque

Albert II de MONACO

Grand Chancelier de l"Ordre de Malte

Jean-Pierre MAZERY

Acronyms

List of Participants

375
377
378
380

Co-ordinators of the Round Table

Michel VEUTHEY, Vice-President, IIHL

Tristan FERRARO, Legal Adviser, ICRC

16PREFACE

For thirty-one years now, the International Institute of Humanitarian Law has devoted its annual Round Table to current problems of international humanitarian law. The subject chosen this year, "International Humanitarian Law, Human Rights and Peace Operations", is a topic of particular relevance and importance on the international agenda. The rule of law is a key element of modern "peace operations". This term encompasses a broad range of different missions, (peace enforcement, peacekeeping, peacebuilding, peace support, etc), in which a plurality of actors are involved such as States, international organisations, "coalitions of the willing", and non-governmental organisations. It is, therefore, crucial to re-affirm the complementarity of international humanitarian law and human rights, the better to clarify the modalities of the interaction of different legal regimes and to reach an understanding on the applicability of new concepts, such as the doctrine of "the responsibility to protect". Over the years, the Sanremo September Round Tables have evolved from a small academic gathering into a large international forum where government leaders, military commanders, scholars and members of civil society can exchange ideas, in an informal framework and constructive atmosphere, on new challenges concerning international humanitarian law and human rights. In 2008 more than 400 people attended the meeting. The debate contributed to highlighting a number of sensitive issues, including the problems of preventing and reporting violations, of accountability, detention policies and the role and responsibilities of non-state actors. I am confident that the publication of the complete proceedings will help to underscore the increasing importance of the promotion and enforcement of international humanitarian law and human rights in a rapidly changing security environment. The President of the International Institute of Humanitarian Law

Maurizio Moreno

17

OPENING SESSION

18

OPENING ADDRESS

19Maurizio MORENO

Presidente, Istituto Internazionale di Diritto Umanitario E" per me un onore e un privilegio dare un caldo benvenuto, a nome dell"Istituto Internazionale di Diritto Umanitario (IIDU), a tutti i partecipanti a questa Tavola Rotonda, giunta alla sua 31a edizione. I lavori - secondo il programma messo a punto con tanta competenza e cura dai due Coordinatori, Michel Veuthey e Tristan Ferraro - affronteranno un tema di grande rilevanza e attualità: quello dell"applicazione e del rispetto del diritto internazionale umanitario e dei diritti dell"uomo nelle operazioni di pace, che ha fatto di recente oggetto di approfondimento nel corso di un seminario promosso a Roma dallo stesso Istituto, con la collaborazione di due prestigiosi centri di studio e di ricerca, il CASD e la SIOI. Oltre 400 sono le personalità e gli esperti che hanno aderito al nostro invito. Attraverso gli anni la Tavola Rotonda di Sanremo è andata trasformandosi da occasione di riflessione tra un ristretto numero di giuristi ed addetti ai lavori, in un ampio foro di dibattito delle principali tematiche concernenti il diritto umanitario e i diritti dell"uomo, con la partecipazione di autorità politiche, rappresentanti di istituzioni internazionali, di organizzazioni non governative e del mondo accademico provenienti da tutto il mondo. In questa occasione il compito di introdurre le discussioni è stato affidato non soltanto ad esperti di chiara fama, ma anche ad esponenti del mondo diplomatico e militare, nonché della società civile, aventi una diretta esperienza degli interventi che la comunità internazionale è chiamata con crescente frequenza a porre in essere in situazioni di conflittualità e di crisi per molti versi inedite ed atipiche. L"Istituto è vivamente grato al Presidente della Repubblica, l"Onorevole Giorgio Napolitano per il suo caloroso messaggio augurale. Come di consueto l"organizzazione della Tavola Rotonda è stata resa possibile dal tradizionale sostegno del Comitato Internazionale della Croce Rossa, il cui Presidente Dr. Jakob Kellenberger terrà a momenti l"allocuzione introduttiva della sostanza dei lavori. Sono lieto di segnalare altresì il contributo di altre Organizzazioni internazionali, a cominciare dall"Unione Europea e dalla NATO, che si aggiunge a quello di diversi Governi che da tempo non fanno mancare il loro appoggio alle nostre attività. Un particolare ringraziamento vorrei rivolgere a tutti gli oratori che interverranno stamane: l"On. Stefania Craxi, Sottosegretario di Stato agli

20Esteri; l" Avv. Marco Andracco, Vice Sindaco di Sanremo; il Generale

Vincenzo Camporini, Capo di Stato Maggiore della Difesa; l"Ambasciatore Claudio Bisogniero, Segretario Generale Delegato della NATO; l"Ambasciatore Raimund Kunz, Capo della Direzione per la Politica di Sicurezza e della Confederazione Elvetica; l"On. Pier Virgilio Dastoli, Direttore della Rappresentanza in Italia della Commissione Europea; il Dr. Christopher Lamb, Consigliere speciale per le Relazioni Internazionali, Federazione Internazionale delle Società di Croce Rossa e Mezzalunaquotesdbs_dbs32.pdfusesText_38

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