What is a Database? A brief definition might be: THE INFORMATION, HELD OVER A PERIOD OF TIME, IN COMPUTER - READABLE FORM Typical examples of
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[PDF] 10Advanced Java Programming with Database Application
What is a Database? A brief definition might be: THE INFORMATION, HELD OVER A PERIOD OF TIME, IN COMPUTER - READABLE FORM Typical examples of
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Advanced Java Programming with Database Application
Course Designer and Acquisition Editor
Centre for Information Technology and Engineering
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University
Tirunelveli
Centre for Information Technology and Engineering, Manonaniam Sundaranar UniversityAdvanced Java Programming with
Database Application
Centre for Information Technology and Engineering, Manonaniam Sundaranar UniversityCONTENTS
Lecture 1 1
Data Base Management Systems
Introduction
Summary of DBMS Functions
CODD's Rules
Lecture 2 17
Structured Query Language
Structured Query Language
Using SQL as a Data Definition Language
Using SQL as a Data Manipulation Language
Using SQL as a Data Query Language
Functions
Lecture 3 33
JDBC Architecture
Remote Database Access
Lecture 4 40
JDBCIntroduction
Connecting to an ODBC Data Source
JDBC Connection
JDBC Implementation
Resultset Processing: Retrieving Results
Lecture 5 67
Prepared Statement
Callable Statement
Other JDBC Classes
Moving the Cursor in Scrollable Result Sets
Making Updates to Updatable Result Sets
Updating a Result Set Programmatically
Lecture 6 94
Introduction To Software Components
Software Component Model
Features of Software Component
Javabean
Importance of Java Component Model4
Bean Development Kit
Starting the BeanBox
Using The BDK Beanbox and The Demo Javabeans
Centre for Information Technology and Engineering, Manonaniam Sundaranar UniversityLecture 7 107
Building Simple Bean
Building the First Bean
Event Handling
Lecture 8 117
Bean Persistence
Serialization and Deserialization
Serializable Bean
Lecture 9 130
Introspection
Introspector
Bean Info
Simple Bean Info
Feature Descriptor
Bean Descriptor
EventSetDescripter
Property Descripter
Lecture 10 141
Properties
Simple property
Boolean property
Indexed Property
Bound properties
Lecture 11 149
Constraint properties
Customization
Property Editor and Customization
Level of customization
Lecture 12 158
Discussion
Lecture 13 159
EJB - Overview
How Did We Get Here?
Component Transaction Monitors
TP Monitors
Object Request Brokers
Middle - Ware Architecture
Application Server
Example Application Servers
The Transactional and n-tier View
The Middleware and 3-tier View
Why Application Servers?
What Application Servers should provide?
Centre for Information Technology and Engineering, Manonaniam Sundaranar UniversityLecture 14 170
Enterprise Javabeans
Why Do We Need EJB?
What Exactly Is EJB?
EJB Features
Deployment
Roles and Responsibilities
Lecture 15 & 16 188
Creating a Simple Enterprise JavaBean
Implementation
Looking into the working
Lecture 17 209
Introduction to Distributed Applications
Distributed Vs Non-Distributed Models
Introduction to RMI
RMI Architecture
Bootstrapping and the RMI registry
Working of RMI
advantages of RMILecture 18 222
Building a Simple Client/Server Application
Create the Remote Interface
Create a class that implements the Remote InterfaceCreate the main Server program
Create Stub and Skeleton Classes
Copy the Remote Interface and Stub File to the Client Host Create a Client class that uses the remote servicesStart up the Registry, Server and Client
How RMI simulates pass by reference
Lecture 19 234
Dynamic Class Loading
Introduction
Codebase in applets
Codebase in RMI
Command-line examples
An Example of Dynamic Class Loading
Lecture 20 245
Troubleshooting Tips
Problem while running the RMI server
Problem while running the RMI client
OBJECT ACTIVATION
Centre for Information Technology and Engineering, Manonaniam Sundaranar UniversityLecture 21 252
Making an Object Activatable
The remote Interface
The Implementation class
The policy file
Creating the "setup" class
Compile and run the code
Lecture 22 262
Discussion
Lecture 23 263
Introduction
Common Gateway Interface (CGI)
Java Server API
Java Servlet API
SERVLET OVERVIEW
What Are Java Servlets?
What is the Advantage of Servlets Over "Traditional" CGI?STARTING WITH SERVLETS
Basic Servlet Structure
The Life Cycle of a Servlet
Servlet Security
A Simple Servlet Generating Plain Text
A Servlet that Generates HTML
Lecture 24 280
Handling Form Data
Introduction
REQUEST HEADERS
An Overview of Request Headers
Reading Request Headers from Servlets
Example: Printing all Headers
Lecture 25 294
Response Headers
Overview
Common Response Headers and Their Meaning
Example: Automatically Reloading Pages as Content ChangesLecture 26 308
Overview Of Cookies
The Servlet Cookie API
Some Minor Cookie Utilities
Centre for Information Technology and Engineering, Manonaniam Sundaranar UniversityLecture 27 321
Session Tracking
What is Session Tracking?
The Session Tracking API
Servlet Communication
Applet -Servlet communication
Calling Servlets From Servlets (JSDK 2.0)
Lecture 28 336
Working with URLs
Reading Directly from a URL
Connecting to a URL
Reading from and Writing to a URLConnection
Reading from a URLConnection
Writing to a URLConnection
Lecture 29 334
JSP Basics
The Magic of JSP
What are the Advantages of JSP?
JSP Request Model
Lecture 30 350
JSP Architecture
Getting on with JSP
Behind the scenes
Components of a JavaServerPage
Template Text: Static HTML
JSP Scripting Elements
JSP Directives
Lecture 31 362
Handling JSP Error
Creating JSP error page
Examples using scripting elements & directives
Syntax Summary
Predefined variables
Example Using Scripting Elements and Directives
Comments and character quoting conventions
Redirecting to an exeternal page
Comments and Character Quoting Conventions
Lecture 32 383
Discussion
Syllabus 383
Database Management Systems
Centre for Information Technology and Engineering, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University 1Lecture 1
Database Management Systems
Objectives
In this Lecture will learn the following:
What is Database?
Database Approach
DBMS Functions
DBMS Standardization
Conceptual data modeling
Relational Model
CODD'S Rules
Database Management Systems
Centre for Information Technology and Engineering, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University 2Coverage Plan
Lecture 1
1.1Snap Shot
1.2Summary of DBMS Functions
1.3Data Base Project Development
1.4Types of Relationship
1.5Codd's Rule
1.6Short Summary
1.7Review Questions
Database Management Systems
Centre for Information Technology and Engineering, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University 31.1 Snap shot
Every organization has a pool of resources that it must manage effectively to achieve its objectives.
Although their rule differs all resources human, financial and material share a common characteristic.The organization that fails to treat data or information as resource and to manage it effectively will
be handicapped in how it manages its, manpower, material and financial resources. In order to satisfy the information requirements of management, the data should be stored in an organized form.What is a Database?
A brief definition might be: THE INFORMATION, HELD OVER A PERIOD OF TIME, INCOMPUTER - READABLE FORM.
Typical examples of information stored for some practical purpose are: Information collected for the sake of making a statistical analysis, e.g. the national census. Operational and administrative information required for running an organization or a commercial concern this will take the form of stock records, personnel records, customer records . . . etc.Held over a Period of Time
Because of the investment involved in setting up a database, the expectation must be that it will continue to be useful, over years rather than months. But the relationship with time varies from one type of information to another An organizational database may not change very drastically in size, but it will be subject to frequent updating (deletions, amendments, insertions) following relevant actions within the organization itself. Ensuring the accuracy, efficiency and security of this process is the main concern of many database designers and administrators. The function of the DBMS is to store and retrieve information as required by applications programs or users.Data verses Information
Database Management Systems
Centre for Information Technology and Engineering, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University 4 Data are facts concerning people, places, events or other objects or concepts. Data are often relatively useless to decision-makers until they have been processed or refined in some manner. Information is data that have been processed and refined and then given in the format that is convenient for decision making or other organizational activities. For example, report aboutstudent fee paid details is useful information for finance section. Actually data are the facts stored
in the record of a database. But the processed facts are presented in a form for usage is information.Data Base concepts
A database is a shared collection of interrelated data designed to meet the varied information needs of an organization. Consider an example, in a payroll application each person's record has NAME, AGE, DESIGNATION, BASIC PAY . . . etc as columns. So payroll database has collectionof all employees of all employees records, that are interrelated. From the database, various reports
like payslip, persons with particular designation, service report etc can be obtained. The database acts as a media to store the data in an organized way so that it can be managed effectively. A database has two important properties: It is integrated and shared.Benefits of the Database approach
The data base approach offers a number of important advantages compared to traditional approach. These benefits include minimal data redundancy, consistency of data, integration of data, sharing of data, enforcement of standards, ease of application development, uniform security, privacy and integrity controls, data accessibility and responsiveness, data independence, and reduced program maintenance.Minimum data redundancy
With the data base approach, previously separate data files are integrated into a single, logicalstructure. So each item is ideally recorded in only one place in the database. Hence in a data base
system, the data redundancy is controlled.Consistency of data
By eliminating data redundancy, the consistency of data has greatly improved. If any change in the data, it can be incorporated in one place than the traditional file system.Database Management Systems
Centre for Information Technology and Engineering, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University 5Integration of data
In a database, data are organized into a single, logical structure, with logical relationships defined
between associated data entities.Sharing of data
The database is intended to be shared by all authorized users in the organization. Since all the data are integrated,1.2 Summary of DBMS Functions
Data definition
Data can be defined as FILES to RECORD STRUCTURES FIELD NAMES, TYPES and SIZES RELATIONSHIPS between records of different types Extra information to make searching efficient, e.g. INDEXES.Data entry and validation
Validation may include: TYPE CHECKING, RANGE CHECKING, CONSISTENCY CHECKING In an interactive data entry system, errors should be detected immediately - some can be prevented altogether by keyboard monitoring - and recovery and re-entry permitted. If the database is error bound then it will be the main cause to make the program error prone. Updating: Updating of data is very important otherwise it will be a waste in a long run. Updating involves: Record INSERTION, Record MODIFICATION, Record DELETION. Updating may take place interactively, or by submission of a file of transaction records; handling these may require a program of some kind to be written, either in a conventional programming language or in a language supplied by the DBMS for constructing command files.Data retrieval on the basis of selection criteria
Database Management Systems
Centre for Information Technology and Engineering, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University6 For this purpose most systems provide a QUERY LANGUAGE with which the characteristics
of the required records may be specified. Query languages differ enormously in power and sophistication but a standard, which is becoming increasingly common, is based on the so- called RELATIONAL operations.These allow
Selection of records on the basis of particular field values. Selection of particular fields from records to be displayed. Linking together records from two different files on the basis of matching field values. Arbitrary combinations of these operators on the files making up a database can answer a very large number of queries without requiring users to go into one record at a time processing.Report definition
Most systems provide facilities for describing how summary reports from the database are to be created and laid out on paper. These may include obtaining: COUNTS, TOTALS, AVERAGES, MAXIMUM and MINIMUM values On a table over particular CONTROL FIELD above layouts have to be found out. Also specification of PAGE and LINE LAYOUT, HEADINGS, PAGE-NUMBERING, and other narrative to make the report comprehensible.Security
This has several aspects: Ensuring that only those authorized can see and modify the data, generally by some extension of the password principle. Ensuring the consistency of the database where many users are accessing and up-dating it simultaneously. Ensuring the existence and INTEGRITY of the database after hardware or software failure. At the very least this involves making provision for back-up and re-loading.Why have databases (and a DBMS)?
Database Management Systems
Centre for Information Technology and Engineering, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University 7 An organization uses a computer to store and process information because it hopes for speed, accuracy, efficiency, economy etc. beyond what could be achieved using clerical methods. The objectives of using a DBMS must in essence be the same although the justifications may be more indirect.DBMS Standardization
Early computer applications were based on existing clerical methods and stored information was partitioned in much the same way as manual files. But the computer's processing speed gave a potential for RELATING data from different sources to produce valuable management information, provided that some standardization could be imposed over departmental boundaries. The idea emerged of the integrated database as a central resource. Data is captured as close as possible to its point of origin and transmitted to the database, then extracted by anyone within the organization who requires it. However many provisos have become attached to this idea inpractice, it still provides possibly the strongest motivation for the introduction of a DBMS in large
organizations. The idea is that any piece of information is entered and stored just once, eliminating
duplications of effort and the possibility of inconsistency between different departmental records. Data redundancy has to be removed at the most possible.Advantages
Organizational requirements change over time, and applications programs laboriously developed need to be periodically adjusted. A DBMS gives some protection against change by taking care of basic storage and retrieval functions in a standard way, leaving the applications developer to concentrate on specific organizational requirements. Changes in one of these areas need not affect elsewhere. In general a DBMS is a substantial piece of software, the result of many man-years of effort. Provide more facilities than would be economic in a one-off product. The points discussed above are probably most relevant to the larger organization using a DBMSfor its administrative functions - the environment in which the idea of databases first originated. In
other words the convenience of a DBMS may be the primary consideration. The purchaser of a small business computer needs all the software to run it in package form, written so that the minimum of expertise is required to use it. The same applies to departments (e.g. Research & Development) with special needs that cannot be satisfied by a large centralized system. When comparing database management systems it is obvious that some are designed in the expectation that professional staff will be available to run them, while others are aimed at the total novice.