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Adv. SQL - Basics

Adv. SQL - Window Functions, CTEs, LATERAL

JSONB and SP-GIST

Functions - Overview

Function Basics

Functions - By ExampleAdvanced SQL and Functions

Stephen Frost

stephen.frost@crunchydatasolutions.com

Joe Conway

joe.conway@credativ.com

Crunchy Data Solutions, Inc.

credativ International

September 17, 2014

Stephen Frost, Joe ConwayPostgres Open 2014

Adv. SQL - Basics

Adv. SQL - Window Functions, CTEs, LATERAL

JSONB and SP-GIST

Functions - Overview

Function Basics

Functions - By ExampleQuery Syntax

Simple Queries

Joins

Set Operations

SubqueriesQueries

Syntax Overview[ WITH [ RECURSIVE ] with_query [, ...] ] SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT [ ON ( expression [, ...] ) ] ] * | expression [ [ AS ] output_name ] [, ...] [ FROM from_item [, ...] ] [ WHERE condition ] [ GROUP BY expression, ... ] [ HAVING condition [, ...] ] [ WINDOW window_name AS ( window_definition ) [, ...] ] [ { UNION | INTERSECT | EXCEPT } [ ALL | DISTINCT ] .. ] [ ORDER BY expression [ ASC | DESC | USING op ], ... ] [ LIMIT num ] [ OFFSET num ]

Stephen Frost, Joe ConwayPostgres Open 2014

Adv. SQL - Basics

Adv. SQL - Window Functions, CTEs, LATERAL

JSONB and SP-GIST

Functions - Overview

Function Basics

Functions - By ExampleQuery Syntax

Simple Queries

Joins

Set Operations

SubqueriesQueries

Syntax Overview- from item[ ONLY ] table_name [ * ] [ [ AS ] alias [ ( column_alias [, ...] ) ] ] [ LATERAL ] ( select ) [ AS ] alias [ ( column_alias [, ...] ) ] [ LATERAL ] function_name ( [ argument [, ...] ] ) [ AS ] alias [ ( column_alias [, ...] | column_definition [, ...] ) ] [ LATERAL ] function_name ( [ argument [, ...] ] )

AS ( column_definition [, ...] )

with_query_name [ [ AS ] alias [ ( col_alias [, ...] ) ] ] from_item [ NATURAL ] join_type from_item [ ON join_condition | USING ( column [, ...] ) ] with_query_name [ ( column_name [, ...] ) ]

AS ( select | values | insert | update | delete )

Stephen Frost, Joe ConwayPostgres Open 2014

Adv. SQL - Basics

Adv. SQL - Window Functions, CTEs, LATERAL

JSONB and SP-GIST

Functions - Overview

Function Basics

Functions - By ExampleQuery Syntax

Simple Queries

Joins

Set Operations

SubqueriesQueries

Syntax Overview- VALUES, TABLELast, but not least, the most complicated ones of all. VALUES returns a table, after

evaluating all expressions:

VALUES ( expression [, ...] ) [, ...]

TABLE is essentially SELECT * FROM, but shorter:

TABLE table_name

[ ORDER BY expression [ ASC | DESC | USING op ], ... ] [ LIMIT num ] [ OFFSET num ]

Stephen Frost, Joe ConwayPostgres Open 2014

Adv. SQL - Basics

Adv. SQL - Window Functions, CTEs, LATERAL

JSONB and SP-GIST

Functions - Overview

Function Basics

Functions - By ExampleQuery Syntax

Simple Queries

Joins

Set Operations

SubqueriesQueries

ExamplesVALUES (1), (2), (3);

TABLE author;

SELECT * FROM author;

SELECT name AS designation FROM publisher;

SELECT DISTINCT authorid FROM bookauthor;

SELECT DISTINCT ON (authorid) authorid, bookname

FROM bookauthor ORDER BY authorid, bookpublishdate;

SELECT title FROM book

WHERE net_price < 10.00;

Stephen Frost, Joe ConwayPostgres Open 2014

Adv. SQL - Basics

Adv. SQL - Window Functions, CTEs, LATERAL

JSONB and SP-GIST

Functions - Overview

Function Basics

Functions - By ExampleQuery Syntax

Simple Queries

Joins

Set Operations

SubqueriesQueries

ExamplesSELECT * FROM book

WHERE lower(title) LIKE '%sql%'

ORDER BY lastname ASC, firstname ASC;

SELECT book.title FROM bookauthor, author, book

WHERE author.lastname = 'Eisentraut'

AND bookauthor.author_id = author.id

AND book.id = bookauthor.book_id

ORDER BY book.title DESC;

SELECT author, sum(price) AS price_sum

FROM bookpricelist

GROUP BY author HAVING sum(price) > 20

ORDER BY author;

Stephen Frost, Joe ConwayPostgres Open 2014

Adv. SQL - Basics

Adv. SQL - Window Functions, CTEs, LATERAL

JSONB and SP-GIST

Functions - Overview

Function Basics

Functions - By ExampleQuery Syntax

Simple Queries

Joins

Set Operations

SubqueriesJoin Types

cross join inner join outer join left right full

Stephen Frost, Joe ConwayPostgres Open 2014

Adv. SQL - Basics

Adv. SQL - Window Functions, CTEs, LATERAL

JSONB and SP-GIST

Functions - Overview

Function Basics

Functions - By ExampleQuery Syntax

Simple Queries

Joins

Set Operations

SubqueriesCross Joins

Joins each row from the rst table with each row from the second table

SELECT * FROM tab1 CROSS JOIN tab2;

is equivalent to

SELECT * FROM tab1, tab2;Limited practical uses- generally used in error. particularly when comma-joins

Use of comma-joins makes this more likely

Useful for enumeration by creating a cartesian product

Stephen Frost, Joe ConwayPostgres Open 2014

Adv. SQL - Basics

Adv. SQL - Window Functions, CTEs, LATERAL

JSONB and SP-GIST

Functions - Overview

Function Basics

Functions - By ExampleQuery Syntax

Simple Queries

Joins

Set Operations

SubqueriesInner Joins

Joins each row of the rst table with each row from the second table for which the condition matches SELECT ... FROM tab1 [ INNER ] JOIN tab2 ON condition; SELECT ... FROM tab1 [ INNER ] JOIN tab2 USING (column list);

SELECT ... FROM tab1 NATURAL [ INNER ] JOIN tab2;

Or using the \traditional" (horrible) comma-join notation:

SELECT ... FROM tab1, tab2 WHERE condition;

Stephen Frost, Joe ConwayPostgres Open 2014

Adv. SQL - Basics

Adv. SQL - Window Functions, CTEs, LATERAL

JSONB and SP-GIST

Functions - Overview

Function Basics

Functions - By ExampleQuery Syntax

Simple Queries

Joins

Set Operations

SubqueriesInner Joins

ExamplesSELECT * FROM book INNER JOIN publisher

ON book.publisher_id = publisher.id;

SELECT * FROM bibo INNER JOIN author

USING (book_id);

Stephen Frost, Joe ConwayPostgres Open 2014

Adv. SQL - Basics

Adv. SQL - Window Functions, CTEs, LATERAL

JSONB and SP-GIST

Functions - Overview

Function Basics

Functions - By ExampleQuery Syntax

Simple Queries

Joins

Set Operations

SubqueriesOuter Joins

Joins each row from the rst table with each row from the second table for which the condition matches. Furthermore, nonmatching rows are added to the result. left join all r owsfrom the left table right join all ro wsfrom the right table full join all r owsfrom b othtables Rows without a join partner are lled up with null values.

Stephen Frost, Joe ConwayPostgres Open 2014

Adv. SQL - Basics

Adv. SQL - Window Functions, CTEs, LATERAL

JSONB and SP-GIST

Functions - Overview

Function Basics

Functions - By ExampleQuery Syntax

Simple Queries

Joins

Set Operations

SubqueriesOuter Joins

SyntaxSELECT ... FROM tab1 LEFT/RIGHT/FULL [ OUTER ] JOIN tab2

ON condition;

SELECT ... FROM tab1 LEFT/RIGHT/FULL [ OUTER ] JOIN tab2

USING (column list);

SELECT ... FROM

tab1 NATURAL LEFT/RIGHT/FULL [ OUTER ] JOIN tab2;

Stephen Frost, Joe ConwayPostgres Open 2014

Adv. SQL - Basics

Adv. SQL - Window Functions, CTEs, LATERAL

JSONB and SP-GIST

Functions - Overview

Function Basics

Functions - By ExampleQuery Syntax

Simple Queries

Joins

Set Operations

SubqueriesOuter Joins

ExamplesSELECT * FROM book RIGHT JOIN bookcategory

ON book.id = bookcategory.category_id;

SELECT * FROM publisher LEFT JOIN book

ON publisher.id = book.publisher_id;

Stephen Frost, Joe ConwayPostgres Open 2014

Adv. SQL - Basics

Adv. SQL - Window Functions, CTEs, LATERAL

JSONB and SP-GIST

Functions - Overview

Function Basics

Functions - By ExampleQuery Syntax

Simple Queries

Joins

Set Operations

SubqueriesSet Operations

Example Datasfrost=# table book;

title | language | price | authorname

Running Free | English | 100.00 | Stephen Frost

Running Wild | English | 80.00 | Stephen Frost

Running Scared | English | 50.00 | Stephen Frost

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