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Y
ARMENARD
414SKENILWORTH
OAKPARKIL60302
t* '1*
LaRepubliqueFran<;aise
THENEWFRASERANDSQUA1K
COMPLETE
FRENCHGRAMMAR
BY
W.H.FRASERandJ.SQUAIR
WITHNEWEXERCISESINPARTI
BY
Ar-eOfcEMA'N,,-
PROFESSOROFFRENCH,UNIVERSITYOFCHICAGO
*H^
D.C.HEATH&CO.,PUBLISHERS
BOSTONNEWYORKCHICAGO
FRASERANDSQUAIR'SFRENCHGRAMMARS
NewCompleteFrenchGrammar
Vocabularies,withphonetictranscription.
Illustrated.573pages.
NewElementaryFrenchGrammar
TheNewCompleteGrammar,withoutPartII,but
Index.Illustrated.326pages.
CompleteFrenchGrammar
Reader;IV.Vocabularies.550pages.
ElementaryFrenchGrammar
AbridgedFrenchGrammar
45°pages.
ShorterFrenchCourse
Alaterbookthantheabove.Moreelementary,it
35°pages.
AlternativeEnglishExercises
FortheShorterFrenchCourse,84pages.
Copyright,1921
byD.C.Heath&Co.
PREFACETOTHEREVISEDEDITION
ofthepublic. iii
IVPREFACE
PartI:
verbs. pastindefiniteformsinpastnarration. provided. commonidioms;(d)byformalReviewExercises.
LiteraryDigest.
anddictation.
PREFACEV
beusedinteachingbythedirectmethod. thebook. mayberegardedaspracticallynon-existent.
VIPREFACE
contentsandmoreattractiveinappearance.
October,1920
CONTEXTS
PAGE
PhoneticIntroduction.".....1
ExerciseinPhoneticTranscription12
UsefulClassroomExpressions14
PARTI
LESSOX
II.IndefiniteArticle20
III.Possessives.Negation.Interrogation23
IV.PronounObjects26
noun.En32
VIII.PresentIndicativeofetre39
jective43
PresentIndicativeoffaire52
InterrogativeAdjectives.Y56
Xoun.Tout60
(besoin,etc.)64
IdiomaticPresentIndicative68
verbs."PresentIndicativeofaller72 vii
VlllCONTENTS
LESSONPAGE
XVIII.Tenseswithetre,80
VocabularyReviewNo.284
commencer,manger,andmener86 perfectoffaire94
XXII.FutureIndicative.UseoftheFuture100
XXIV.ImpersonalVerbs107
VocabularyReviewNo.3
•Ill ofpouvoir.IIfaut113 (continued)124
VocabularyReviewNo.4137
XXXI.DemonstrativePronouns144
148
XXXIII.InterrogativePronouns153
XXXIV.IndefinitePronouns158
VocabularyReviewNo.5164
XXXVI.Dates,Titles.Seasons,Months171
XXXVII.TimeofDay176
ofdevoirandvouloir184
VocabularyReviewNo.6.....188
ANECDOTES
XL.LaThdiereduMatelot190
XLI.L'ArabeetlesPerles191
XLII.LePaysanetlesEpisdeBle192
XLIII.LeTresorduLaboureur194
CONTENTSIX
LESSONPAGE
XLIV.LouisXIVetJeanBart195
XLV.LaFourmietleBrind'Herbe....;197
XLVI.LeBonSamaritain198
XLVII.M.Laffitteetl'Epingle200
XLVIII.LeSiffletdeBenjaminFranklin201
XLIX.HenriIVetlePaysan203
L.ThomasetlesCerises205
LI.FredericleGrandetsonPage..........207
PARTn
TheVerb209
TheNoun300
TheArticle313
TheAdjective327
ThePronoun342
TheAdverb382
TheNumeral394
ThePreposition401
TheConjunction411
TheInterjection414
Abbreviations416
'.417
Vocabularies:
French-English481
English-French515
Index551
Appendix:Tolerances564
AFKENCHGRAMMAR
PHONETICINTRODUCTION
theorgansinarticulation. tionisveryenergetic. soundsrequiringtongueaction. 1
FRENCHGRAMMAR§§2-3
ownsymbol,andeachsymbolhasbutonesound.
SymbolsExamples
ini,vive[ni,vi:v] ypu,muse[py,my:z] eete[ete] creux,creuse[kr0,kr0:z]
3leDa]
epres,pere[pre,ps:r] sfin,prince[fe,pre:s] ceneuf,neuve[ncef,nce:v] ceun,humble[tie,ce:bl] apatte,part[pat,pair] apas,passe[pa,pa:s] atant,tante[ta,ta:t] onote,tort[not,to:r]
5rond,ronde[ro,r5:d]
osot,chose[so,$o:z] utout,tour[tu,tu:r] jviande[vjfl:d] *llui[lqi] woui[wi]
SymbolsExamples
§§4-6PHONETICINTRODUCTION3
Frenchnames,areasfollows:
a
4AFRENCHGRAMMAR§§7-8
soundsaredivided. N.B. - Greatcareshouldbetakentoavoidtheconsonantalend- withEnglish'cit-y,''taWeau.'
7.Stress.
thelastvowelofthewordis[a]. strongstressofEnglish'cred-i-fo'Mt-y'). Note. - Inconnecteddiscoursetheruleabovestatedvariesconsider-
English.
faire[fe:r]. lune[lyn]. Note. - Itispossibletodistinguishalsobetweenlong'andhalf thetranscriptions.
§§9-11PHONETICINTRODUCTION
Vowels
o%o hOzO ida 'greatest - *< - least i(y) e(0) (u) (o) (3) ee(oe)(ce)(o)(5) .fcosf >< - greatest J^.B. - Inthefollowingdescriptionsofsounds,theword thelesscommonorthographicalequivalents.
10.i,y
1.i - Likeiin'machine';thecornersofthemouthareslightly
(§1,6);narrow(§1,3).
2.y - HasnocounterpartinEnglish.Thetonguepositionis
roundedandtakingthetonguepositionof[i]. [nuzym],j'aieu[sey].
11.e,0,a
1.e - Likethefirstpartofthesoundofain'day,'butwiththe
6AFRENCHGRAMMAR§§12-13
2. - HasnocounterpartinEnglish.Thetonguepositionisprac-
above,thelip-roundingwiththe[e]position.
3.9 - LikeEnglishein'theman,'orain'Louisa,'butslightly
fortheproductionofthe[0]sound. [faza].
12.s,e,oe,de
1.e - Likethesoundofein'let,'withthemouthmoredefinitely
Note. - Theeofastressedsyliablefollowedbyasyllablecon-
2.e - The[s]soundnasalized(§1,7),butslightlymoreopen.
viendrai[vjedre],soin[swe].
3.ce - HasnocounterpartinEnglish.Ithaspracticallythe
tion,theroundingdescribed. orgueil[orgce:j].
4.de - The[ce]soundnasalized(§1,7),butslightlymoreopen.
13.a,a,a
1.a - Thissoundissimilartobutrequireswidermouthopiaing
§§14-15PHONETICINTRODUCTION7
resemblingEnglish'madam.' [parlat],parlat[parla].
2.a - Likeain'father';themouthwellopen,thetonguelying
especiallyrounding,asofain'fall.' [pwa:l].
3.a - The[a]soundnasalized(§1,7).(Writtenan,am,en,em.)
entre[a:tr],membre[ma:br].
14.o,5,o
1.o - Likethevowelin'low,'but.withdefinitebell-likerounding
2.5 - The[o]soundnasalized(§1,7),butslightlymoreclose.
3.o - Likeoin'omen,'butwithmoreprotrusionandmuchtenser
(§1,3). [ko:t],faute[fo:t],beaute[bo:te]. 15.u
1-u - Likeooin'pool'butwithmoreprotrusionandmuchtenser
(§1,3). gAFRENCHGRAMMAR§§16-17
Consonants
16.j,q,w
1.j - Likeverybriefandnarrowyin'yes.'
of/mouillee.
2.q - HasnocounterpartinEnglish,butissimilartoawpro-
3.w - Likeverybriefandnarrowwin'we,''west.'Itisbest,
for[q]above.
1.b - Likebin'6ar&.'
Ex.:beau[bo],robe[rob],abbe[abe].
2.d - Likedin'did,'butwiththetonguesofaradvancedthat
theteeth(§1,5).
Ex.:dame[dam],fade[fad],addition[adisp].
3.f - Likefin'/at.'
§17PHONETICINTRODUCTION9
4.g - Likegin'go.'
5.h - Inorthographytheletterhisknownas'hmute'(Fr.h
ineithercase,asabsolutelysilent. [lae:n],lahate[laa:t],jehais[50z].
6.k - Likekin'take';avoidtheslightaspirationwhichgenerally
followstheEnglishsound.
7.1 - Like1in'Zaw,'butwiththetongueadvancedasfor[d]
above.
ForsoftIsee§16,1.
8.m - Likemin'man,''dumb.'
Ex.:mot[mo],dame[dam],homme[am].
9.n - Likenin'/*ot,''man,'butwiththetongueadvancedas
for[d]above.
Ex.:ni[ni],ane[a:n],donner[done].
10.n - Somewhatlikenyin'ban-j/an,'exceptthatQi]isasingle,notadouble,sound,andisformedbypressingthemiddleofthetongue
teeth.
Ex.:agneau[apo],digne[dip].
11.p - Likepin'pan,''top';avoidtheslightaspirationwhich
generallyfollowstheEnglishsound.
Ex.:pas[pa],tape[tap],appliquer[aplike].
10AFRENCHGRAMMAR§17
12.r - HasnoEnglishcounterpart.Itisformedbytrillingthe
Note. - Anotherrsound(calledinFrenchruvulaire),usedespecially
13.s - Likesin'sea,''cease,'butwiththetongueadvancedasfor
[d]above. [swascnt].
14.$ - Likeshin'shoe,'butwiththetonguemoreadvanced
(§1,5).
15.t - Liketin'/all,'butwiththetongueadvancedasfor[d]
sound.
Ex.:tas[to.],patte[pat].
16.v - Likevin'yine,''cave.'
ce:r].
17.z - Likezin'zone,'orsin'rose,'butwiththetongueadvanced
asfor[d]above. [egzakt]. IS.3 - Likezin'azure'orsin'pleasure,'butwiththetongue moreadvanced(§1,5).
§§18-19PHONETICINTRODUCTION11
feuiile[foc:j]. X.B. - Notealsothatliquid1maybespelled-ail,etc.,e.g.,travail [trava:j],soleil[sjIs:]],etc. [murre]. affectation. liaison[ljezo]=Unking,joining.
ExerciseinPhoneticTranscription.
mi]. taincases: foreil(s).
12AFRENCHGRAMMAR§§20-21
Note. - Inordinarydiscourse,thissoundisusuallyslightedorwholly [a]inverseisbeyondthescopeofthiswork.
1.TheirFrenchnamesare:i
.point-traitd'union[]crochets ,virgule - tiret,ortiretdej ;pointetvirguleseparation{ !pointd'exclamation()parenthese indialogue. Ex.:"Quiestla?dis-je. - Personne. - Quoi!personnel - Per- sonne,dit-il.»quotesdbs_dbs10.pdfusesText_16
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