[PDF] [PDF] Bibliographies - TeX Users Group

[PDF] Biblatex Cheat Sheet - TUGs CTAN archive

atives to the backend Biber, see the Biblatex manual contributed styles and extensions, see ctan org/topic/biblatex whether to sort multiple citations

[PDF] BibLaTeX et Biber

28 jui 2017 · De manière pratique, directement avec JabRef (multi-OS); BibDesk (Mac) LATEX + Biber + LATEX lorsqu'on ajoute une référence dans notre

[PDF] BibLaTeX - xxx

2 mar 2011 · design new bibliography and citation styles This package also supports subdivided bibliographies, multiple bibliographies within one 

[PDF] Local guide to BibLATEX - UiO

19 sept 2020 · Using citations (p 11) explains how to use BibLATEX and citations in your documents Various reference styles (p 15) demonstrates several 

[PDF] BIBLATEX - UiO

1 fév 2017 · The identifier must be written exactly as it appears in the bib-file (case sensitive) If you want to cite several references in the same cite command, 

[PDF] Citing and referencing in LaTeX - using BibTeX

Many databases and reference management softwares allow automatic export of natbib (see below) or Biblatex You can refer to multiple bib files e g

[PDF] Reference sheet for natbib usage

Multiple citations may be made by including more than one citation key in the \ cite command argument \citet{jon90,jam91} ⇒ Jones et al (1990); James et al

[PDF] The Biblatex Package

24 jui 2014 · and citation styles There is no need to learn BibTeX's postfix stack language This package also supports subdivided bibliographies, multiple 

[PDF] Présentation Beamer en pdf - Exposés sur LaTeX

bibliographique L'avenir avec biblatex bibliographiques (formatage et ordre) et aussi des clés de citations externes (visibles) Le fichier bbl contient en semicolon, comma : ces options déterminent le séparateur entre clés multiples, ;, ,

[PDF] Bibliographies - TeX Users Group

of references and in-text-citations are analyzed in section 3 and BibLATEX 2 Bibliography with Multiple citations can be added by separating with a comma  

[PDF] biblatex options

[PDF] biblatex overleaf

[PDF] biblatex remove in

[PDF] biblatex sort and compress

[PDF] biblatex sorting by date

[PDF] biblatex sorting nocite

[PDF] biblatex sorting none

[PDF] biblatex sorting reverse

[PDF] biblatex sorting schemes

[PDF] biblatex sorting year

[PDF] biblatex styles apa

[PDF] biblatex styles apalike

[PDF] biblatex styles download

[PDF] biblatex styles harvard

[PDF] biblatex styles ieee

36 TUGboat, Volume 30 (2009), No. 1

BibliographiesManaging bibliographies with L

ATEX

Lapo F. Mori

AbstractThe bibliography is a fundamental part of most scien- tific publications. This article presents and analyzes the main tools that LATEX offers to create, manage, and customize both the references in the text and the list of references at the end of the document.

1 Introduction

Bibliographic references are an important, sometimes fundamental, part of academic documents. In the past, preparation of a bibliography was difficult and tedious mainly because the entries were numbered and ordered by hand. LATEX, which was developed with this kind of document in mind, provides many tools to automatically manage the bibliography and make the authors" work easier. How to create a bibliography with LATEX is described in section2 , starting from the basics and arriving at advanced customization. Bibliographic styles for both the list of references and in-text-citations are analyzed in section 3 . The last two sections ( 4 and 5 ) analyze two of the most powerful packages available:natbib andBibLATEX.

2 Bibliography with L

ATEX

There are two main ways to compose a bibliography

with LATEX: automatically with theBibTEX pro- gram that uses external bibliographic databases (sec- tion 2.2 ), or manually with thethebibliographyen- vironment that allows to include all the bibliographic information in the source.texfile (section2.3 ). Re- gardless from the strategy chosen, citations can be added to the text with the same commands, as shown in section 2.1

2.1 References in the text

Citations can be added to the text with the com-

mand\cite{key}(and its variants), wherekeycor- responds to the citekey field in the.bibfile (if using

BibTEX, section2.2 ) or the key of\bibitem(if us-

ing thethebibliographyenvironment, section2 .3).

When compiling the source,\cite{key}is linked

to the respective\bibitemand substituted by the appropriate reference (numbered, author-year, or footnote depending on the style chosen).

Multiple citations can be added by separating

with a comma the bibliographic keys inside the same \citecommand; for example\cite{Goossens1995,Kopka1995} gives (Goossens et al., 1995; Kopka and Daly, 1995)

Bibliographic entries that are not cited in the

text can be added to the bibliography with the \nocite{key}command. The\nocite{*}com- mand adds all entries to the bibliography.

2.2 Automatic creation withBibTEX

BibTEX is a separate program from LATEX that allows creating a bibliography from an external database (.bibfile). These databases can be conveniently shared by different LATEX documents.BibTEX, which will be described in the following paragraphs, has many advantages over thethebibliographyenvi- ronment; in particular, automatic formatting and ordering of the bibliographic entries.

2.2.1 HowBibTEX works

BibTEX requires:

1. one or more bibliographic databases .bib; 2. a bibliographic st yle.bst; 3. that the.texfile contains: commands that spec- ify what style.bstand database.bibto use, and citations in the text with the\citeand similar commands, as in:\documentclass{...} \begin{document}

See \citet{Kopka1995}.

\bibliographystyle{plainnat} \bibliography{database} \end{document} 4. that the do cumentis compiled in th efollo wing order (let"s assume that the principal file is called document.tex):latex document bibtex document latex document latex document

The first time LATEX runs, the\bibliographystyle

command writes the name of the style.bstto be used into the.auxfile, each\citecommand writes a note into the.auxfile, and the\bibliography command writes into the.auxfile the name of the .bibdatabase(s) to be used. At this stage LATEX does not substitute the\citein the text: the.dvi

Lapo F. Mori

TUGboat, Volume 30 (2009), No. 1 37texsty

LATEX2εlog

pdfdvi aux bbl

BibTEX

bibbst blgFigure 1 : Data flow between LATEX andBibTEX to create a.pdfor a.dvi() from the data files.tex and.bib() and the style files.styand.bst(). shows question marks for every\citeand the.log file reports warnings for unknown references.

BibTEX will then read the.auxfile, the bibli-

ographic style.bstand.bibdatabase(s) specified.

For every\citeentry, it will read the information

contained in the.bibfiles and format it according to the style.bst. At the end it will order the en- tries according to the style.bstand will write the result into the.bblfile. The.bblcontains the bib- liographic entries organized in athebibliography environment; the entries follow the format specified by the.bststyle and have the information contained in the.bibdatabase. This file will be read every time that the source.texfile is compiled.

When running LATEX again, it will produce a

warning due to the fact that the references are not de- fined yet and will substitute the\bibliographycom- mand with the content of the.bblfile. It will also write a note into the.auxfile for every\bibitem.

At the next run, LATEX will find the definition

for every\citein the.auxfile and all the citations in the text will be resolved. The.blgfile is a log file created byBibTEX, similar to the.logfile for

LATEX.

This flow, represented in Fig.

1 , has to be re- peated if the citations in the text, the.bibdatabase or the.bststyle are modified.

2.2.2 Structure of a bibliography database

The.bibfiles are databases that store the informa- tion for each bibliographic entry. Here is an example:@BOOK{Kopka1995, title = {A Guide to {\LaTeX} -- Document

Preparation for Beginners and Advanced Users

publisher = {Addison-Wesley}, year = {1995}, author = {H. Kopka and P. W. Daly},

Each type of entry (BOOK,ARTICLE,PROCEEDINGS,

etc.) offers many fields in addition to those shown in the example (title,publisher,year,author).

Further details can be found in

P atashnik

1998
).2.2.3 Rules for usingBibTEX The syntax ofBibTEX entries is very intuitive. The following paragraphs will discuss the most common rules, all the details can be found in

P atashnik

1998

Capital letters.TheBibTEX styles control cap-

ital and lower case letters, especially for the titles. This behavior is very convenient because it ensures a uniform format for the entries but could cause prob- lems in some specific situations such as acronyms, chemical formulae, etc. In these cases the user needs to enclose in braces the letters whose capitalizations should not be changed byBibTEX, as in the following example for "CO":title = {{CO} pollution},

The.bststyle can be used to automatically

change the capitalization behavior for titles (e.g. title style or sentence style) instead of manually enclosing all the titles in braces.

Commands.

SinceBibTEX modifies the capital-

ization depending on the.bststyle, some LATEX commands inside titles may not work. For example, if the sentence style is in use and one of the titles contains the command\LaTeX, this will be converted to\latexand will give the following error:! Undefined control sequence. This also can be avoided by enclosing such commands in braces:{\LaTeX}.

Accents and special characters.

A similar prob-

lem arises with the commands for accents and spe- (\~{n}), etc. Again, enclosing the command in braces solves the issue:title = {Writing the curriculum vit{\ae}},

Name lists.

When more than one name is present

in theauthororeditorfields, they have to be sep- arated by␣and␣(a space before and after):author = {Author1 and Author2},

Each name has four parts: Name, von, Surname,

Jr. The surname is mandatory, all other parts are

optional.BibTEX accepts two different syntaxes for names:

Name von Surname

: for example "Pico della

Mirandola" has to be written as

Pico della Mirandola.

von Surname, Jr, Name : for example "Pico della Mirandola II" has to be written as della Mirandola, II, Pico.

Managing bibliographies with L

ATEX

38 TUGboat, Volume 30 (2009), No. 1The second form is more general because the first

one cannot be used when the Jr field is present or when the surname contains more than one word and the von part is not present. The.bststyle takes care of abbreviating (or not) names. If the author wants to use abbreviated names, the.bibdatabase can also have abbreviated names. For example:author = {Mori, L. F.}, If the list of authors or editors is too long, it can be ended byand othersthat will then be formatted by the style as "et al."author = {Conte, G. B. and Pianezzolla, E. and

Chiesa, P. and Rossi, G. and others},

URL.

The standardBibTEX styles do not provide

a field for web addresses. A solution with these styles is to use thehowpublishedfield:@MISC{..., howpublished = {\url{http://...}},

A better solution is to use styles that provide

theurlfield, such asplainnatandabbrevnatthat come with thenatbibpackage (section4 ) or those that come with thebabelbibpackage (section2.7.3 ). Moreover, theurlfield is also provided by the custom styles created withmakebst(section3.2.2 ). In all these cases, the syntax is:@ARTICLE{..., url = {http://...},

Problems might arise when a web site address

is long and close to the write margin. When the document is compiled with pdfLATEX, the driver can break the links over several lines. On the other hand, when the document is compiled with thedvipsdriver (LATEX!.dvi!PostScript!.pdf), thebreakurl1 package must be loaded to support breaking links into several parts while retaining the hyperlink.

Months.

BibTEX provides macros to automati-

cally manage the month name specified with the monthfield; these macros automatically manage the full form (March) and abbreviated form (Mar.) and the language (Marzo) depending on the.bststyle in use. In order to take advantage of these macros, the month has to be written in the abbreviated English form.21 Thebreakurlpackage was written by Vilar Camara Neto and the last version was released in 2009. 2 The abbreviated English form consists in the first three letters of the month:jan,feb,mar,apr,may,jun,jul,aug, sep,oct,nov,dec.2.2.4 Creating and managing bibliography databases

As should be clear from the example in section

2.2 the.bibfile syntax is so intuitive that these files can be easily written with any text editor. Several programs, however, are dedicated to the creation and management of.bibdatabases, such asBib-

TeXMng3(shareware for Windows),BibDesk4(open-

source for MacOSX),KBibTeX5(open-source for

Linux),Pybliographer6(open-source for Linux),bib-

liographer7(freeware for Linux),Bibwiki8(Internet based),cb2Bib9(freeware for Windows and Linux), Zotero10(open-source multi-platform plugin for Fire- fox), andJabRef11(multi-platform open-source). The last three programs are particularly interesting and will be discussed in the next paragraphs. cb2Bib. cb2bib(which stands for "clipboard to BibTEX") is a program for extracting bibliographic information from unformatted sources such as.pdf files, web sites, and email.cb2bibreads the content of the clipboard and process it according to predefined patterns.12If no predefined format pattern is found, cb2bibcan still be used for manual data extraction.

Zotero.

Zoterois an open-source multi-platform

(Windows, Linux, and MacOSX) Firefox13plugin that allows to gather, manage, and analyze bibli- ographic references. Being an extension of a web browser,Zoterois particularly useful for extracting bibliographic data from the Internet. The reference database can be exported as a.pdffile,14a text file, aBibTEX database, and several other formats.3 http://www.latexsoft.com/bibtexmng.htm

4http://bibdesk.sourceforge.net/

6http://www.pybliographer.org/Welcome/

7http://bibliographer.homelinux.net/

8http://wolfgang.plaschg.net/bibwiki/

10http://www.zotero.org/

11http://jabref.sourceforge.net/

12 cb2bibimplements patterns to extract data from the following formats:PNASTable of Contents Alert (http: //www.pnas.org/ ),ISIWeb of Knowledge Table of Con- tents Alert (http://isiknowledge.com/), Wiley InterScience Journal Abstracts (http://www.interscience.wiley.com/), American Chemical Society Publications (http://pubs.acs. org/ ), ScienceDirect (http://www.sciencedirect.com/), Dig- ital Bibliography & Library Project (http://dblp.uni-trier. de/ ), Nature from First Paragraph (http://www.nature.com/ nature/ ),IOPElectronic Journals (http://www.iop.org/ EJ/ ),JSTOR(http://www.jstor.org/),ISIReference For- mat (http://scientific.thomson.com/isi/),RISReference

Format.

13http://www.mozilla.com/firefox/

14 The list in the.pdffile is formatted according to prede- fined styles that can be selected by the user.

Lapo F. Mori

TUGboat, Volume 30 (2009), No. 1 39Zoterocan be used together withWYSIWYG15soft- ware such as Microsoft Word16and OpenOffice.17 Zoterocan also perform advanced searches in its li- braries and import entries from several formats. A unique feature ofZoterois the ability to create online libraries that can be used from different computers over the Internet.

JabRef.

JabRefis an open-source multi-platform

(Windows, Linux, and MacOSX) software written in Java for creating and managing bibliographic data- bases in theBibTEX format. Entries can be created by editor panels whose fields depend on the type of entry (book,article,proceedings, etc.); these panels can also be customized by adding or removing fields.

JabRefcan be used to search articles on Med-

line18and Citeseer19and to import bibliographic en- tries from several formats such asBibTEXML,CSA,

Refer/Endnote,ISIWeb of Science, SilverPlatter,

Medline/Pubmed (XML), Scifinder,OVID,INSPEC,

Biblioscape, Sixpack,JSTORandRIS.JabRefoffers

advanced search and management based on keywords.

Databases can be printed or exported inHTML,

Refer/Endnote, Docbook,BibTEXML,MODS,RTF,

and OpenOffice.

JabRefcan automatically create theBibTEX

keys (for example by taking the first author"s sur- name and the publication year) and insert the cita- tions into several text editors such asLyX,Kile, and

WinEdt.JabRefcan associate a.pdffile to every

entry and open it with external software. It can also associate aurlor aDOI;20in both cases,JabRefcan open a web browser on the corresponding page.

Bibliography resources on the Internet.

Sev- eral web sites, both of journals and of bibliographic databases, can be used to export entries directly in theBibTEX format. Some of the journals areACM,21

Science,22PNAS,23and The Journal of Chemical

Physics.24Some of the databases are Lead2Amazon25

(a web site that uses Amazon.com, .ca, .co.uk, .de, .fr, .co.jp to automatically generateBibTEX entries),15

Acronym for "What You See Is What You Get".

16http://office.microsoft.com/

17http://www.openoffice.org/

19http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/

20DOI is the acronym for Digital Object Identifier and represents the future for references to electronic publications. Unlike anurl, aDOIis associated with an object (scientific article) and not to the place where it is stored (web site). This guarantees a longer longevity of the link. More information can be found athttp://www.doi.org/.

21http://portal.acm.org/

22http://www.sciencemag.org/

23http://www.pnas.org/

24http://jcp.aip.org/

25http://keijisaito.info/lead2amazon/e/

Google Scholar26(Google search engine dedicated to scientific publications; select "BibTEX" in "Scholar Preferences"), BibSonomy27(web site to share links to publications), CiteSeer28(search engine and digi- tal library for scientific articles), CiteULike29(web site to share links to publications), The Collection of

Computer Science Bibliographies30(computer sci-

ence bibliographic database with more than two million entries), HubMed31(alternative interface to

PubMed32that can export entries inBibTEX for-

mat), TEXMed33(another alternative interface to

PubMed that can export entries inBibTEX).

2.3 Manual composition:thebibliography

Thethebibliographyenvironment must be placed

in the source document where the author wants the list of references to appear, typically just before \end{document}.\documentclass{...} \begin{document} \begin{thebibliography}{argument} \end{thebibliography} \end{document}

The argument ofthebibliographydefines the max-

imum length of the labels. If the labels are automat- ically generated by LATEX, usually the argument is chosen as "9", if the list contains less than ten entries, "99", if less than one hundred, etc. When using cus- tomized labels (e.g.: [Mori 06]) the argument must be the widest label.

Thethebibliographyenvironment works in a

very similar way to theitemizeenvironment. Each entry of the list begins with the\bibitemcommand and its argument, that works as reference identifier (similarly to\label), followed by the information about the entry (e.g. author, title, editor, year of publication), with explicit formatting and punctua- tion. The following example\begin{thebibliography}{9} \bibitem{Kopka1995} \textsc{Kopka}, H. and \textsc{

Daly}, P.~W. (1995). \emph{A Guide to {\LaTeX

}---Document Preparation for Beginners and

Advanced Users}. Addison-Wesley.

\end{thebibliography} produces Fig. 2 26
http://scholar.google.com/

27http://www.bibsonomy.org/

28http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/

29http://www.citeulike.org/

31http://www.hubmed.org/

32http://pubmed.gov/

Managing bibliographies with L

ATEX

40 TUGboat, Volume 30 (2009), No. 1

[1]Kopka, H. andDaly, P. W. (2003).A Guide to LATEX|Document Prepa-

ration for Beginners and Advanced Users, Fourth Edition. Addison-Wesley.Figure 2: List of references obtained with a manualthebibliographyenvironment.

2.4 FromBibTEX tothebibliographySome journals require an explicitthebibliography.

Even in these cases it is possible to manage the bibli- ography with an external.bibdatabase andBibTEX.

As a matter of fact,BibTEX just extracts the use-

ful information from the.bibdatabase, formats it according to the.bststyle, and write the output with thethebibliographysyntax into the.bblfile. Hence, at the end of the work, it is possible to copy the content of the.bblfile into the.texfile.

2.5 FromthebibliographytoBibTEX

There is no automatic method to convert the content of athebibliographyenvironment intoBibTEX for- mat. Often it may be convenient to import entries from online databases. Otherwisecb2Bibcan be used to try to import the content of athebibliography environment. For both methods refer to section 2.2.4

2.6 What method to use

BibTEX makes the bibliography management auto-

matic but also has some disadvantages: it increases the complexity of the TEX environ- ment (adding one or more external programs); although it is flexible,BibTEX does not allow completely free composition of bibliography en- tries. However, the advantages are greater than these dis- advantages: it automates tedious operations, especially or- dering the bibliography entries; it automates bibliography formatting; several programs are available for creating and managingBibTEX databases.

2.7 Specialties

2.7.1 Renaming the references section

The name of the bibliography section depends on

the class and language selected. Thereportand bookclasses use the variable\bibnameto specify the name; thebabelpackage defines this variable as "Bib- liography" in English, "Bibliografia" in Italian, and so on. Thearticleclass uses the variable\refname, which becomes "References" in English, "Riferimenti bibliografici" in Italian, and so on.

The\renewcommandcommand can be used to

change the names that are assigned by default to the bibliography, as in the following example:\renewcommand\bibname{Useful references}

2.7.2 Multiple bibliographies

Thechapterbib34package can be used to create sepa- rate bibliographies for each file added to the main document with the\includecommand, and not only for each chapter as suggested by its name. The package is very easy to use since the different bibli- ographies are created automatically by the\include commands and do not require special commands for the references in the text.

Thebibunits35package can be used to create

separate bibliographies for different parts of the document such as chapters, sections, etc. In ad- dition, a global bibliography can be added at the end of the document. This package does not re- quiread hoccommands for the citations in the text, only the\bibliographyunit{unit}command in the preamble (whereunitcorresponds to the doc- ument structure to be used for the bibliographies, such aschapter,section, etc.).

Themultibib36package can be used to create

quotesdbs_dbs20.pdfusesText_26