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VILNIUS UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF PHILOLOGY

Giedrė Balčytytė-Kurtinienė

A COURSE IN ENGLISH PHONETICS

FOR EFL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Segmental Phonetics. Syllable. Stress.

Vilnius, 2014

ISBN 978-609-459-312-3

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CONTENTS

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CONTENTS

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/r/49 /s//ܼ /t//ܼ 53
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FOREWORD

5 st

FOREWORD

6

FOREWORD

Orthography

italicsteam [t bold

1. VARIETIES OF ENGLISH

7

1.1. Varieties of Language

Varieties of language

dialect speech community sociolect regiolect idiolect accent standard

Nonstandard

1.2. Standard English

VARIETIES OF ENGLISH

8

1. VARIETIES OF ENGLISH

national variety

Standard English (SE),

Received

Pronunciation.

1.3. Received Pronunciation

Received Pronunciation (RP

The Queen's English, Public School

Accent, Oxford English, BBC English, the accent of the Court

1.3.1. History of RP

1. VARIETIES OF ENGLISH

9

BBC English

1.3.2. RP Today

10

1. VARIETIES OF ENGLISH

1.3.3. Types of RP

Conservative RP

General RP

Advanced RP

Mainstream RP,

Upper-Crust RP

Near-RP

1.4. On Cockney and Estuary English

Cockney

1. VARIETIES OF ENGLISH

11

Estuary English (EE)

1.5. Global English

Global English World

English

1

World Englishes

intelligible pronunciation 1

A lingua franca

12

1. VARIETIES OF ENGLISH

Further reading options: ,

Terminology check:

dialect, accent, sociolect, social community, idiolect, national variety, Standard English, RP, BBC English, Cockney, Estuary English, World English, World

Englishes, intelligible pronunciation

Study questions:

2. PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY

13

2.1. ?e Object of Phonetics and Phonology

a sound

Phonetics

Phonology

2.2. On Phone, Phoneme, and Allophone

sound phone.

A phoneme

/t/team steam/t/team

PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY

14

2. PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY

team /t/ team /tޝ /bޝ

2.3. ?e Branches of Phonetics

branches of phonetics articulatory phonetics acoustic phonetics auditory phonetics,

Further reading options:

Terminology check:

phonetics, phonology, phone, phoneme, allophone, minimal pair, articulatory phonetics, acoustic phonetics, auditory phonetics

Study questions:

2. PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY

15

Exercises:

WordNumber of lettersNumber of sounds

enough philosophy

Christmas

answer furniture

Chinese

picturesque delicious

Wednesday

colonel honour thorough naughty scene business

WordMinimal pairs with that word

/l t/ /gܥ /kޝ /bݜ 16

3. SPEECH MECHANISMS IN ARTICULATORY PHONETICS

3.1. ?e Stages in Sound Production

as a speech chainspeech mechanism

Figure 1

Initiation or Respiration

Phonation

The Oronasal Process

Articulation

SPEECH MECHANISMS

IN ARTICULATORY PHONETICS

3. SPEECH MECHANISMS IN ARTICULATORY PHONETICS

17

3.2. Initiation or Respiration

lungs

Figure 2inspiration

Figure 1. (adapted from Roach 2009:25)

Figure 2. (adapted from Roach 2009: 25)

18

3. SPEECH MECHANISMS IN ARTICULATORY PHONETICS

expiration egressive as egressive.

3.3. Phonation

larynx vocal folds

Figure 3)

Figure 3. (adapted from Roach 2009: 25)

voicing

3. SPEECH MECHANISMS IN ARTICULATORY PHONETICS

19 glottis. voiced voiceless Figure 4

Figure 4.

phonation cycle pressure intensity frequency quality modes of phonation

Table 1

20

3. SPEECH MECHANISMS IN ARTICULATORY PHONETICS

Table 1. The modes of phonation (adapted from Clark and Yallop 1992: 59-60) voiceless voiced whisper breathy voice creaky voice

3.4. ?e Oronasal Process

upper vocal tract pharynx oral cavitynasal cavity oral soundsFigure 5 (a).

Figure 5.

3. SPEECH MECHANISMS IN ARTICULATORY PHONETICS

21
nasal sounds

Figure 5 (b)

3.5. Articulation

organs of speech (articulators)

Figure 6

Figure 6.

tongue

Figure 7.

22

3. SPEECH MECHANISMS IN ARTICULATORY PHONETICS

dorsum tip, blade, front, back,root Figure 7 palate hard palate soft palatevelumuvula lips (upper and lower) upper teethalveolar ridge lower teeth lower jaw the roof of the mouth (see Figure 8

Figure 8.

organs of articulation articulators organs of speech

Table 2

Articulatory settings

3. SPEECH MECHANISMS IN ARTICULATORY PHONETICS

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