[PDF] [PDF] IHP news 488 : &#AlmaAta40 & Modicare - International Health Policies

14 sept 2018 · Let me explain a bit more in detail below, after elaborating to its sheer numbers and this scheme shall be a game changer for the Indian 



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[PDF] IHP news 488 : &#AlmaAta40 & Modicare - International Health Policies

14 sept 2018 · Let me explain a bit more in detail below, after elaborating to its sheer numbers and this scheme shall be a game changer for the Indian 



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2FeaturedArticleMyhopesandworriesfor"Modicare"DeepikaSaluja(IHPresident&EV2016)India'sjourneytowardsUniversalHealthCoverage(UHC)isgainingspecialattentionsincetheModiGovernmentannouncedthecountry'slargesthealthcareprogrammeever,named'AyushmanBharat'on1stFeb,2018-justayearbeforethegeneralelectionsscheduledin2019.Bywayofexample,RichardHortondiscussesinthisweek'sLancetOfflineCommenthowhealthwilllikelybeakeyissueinIndia's2019generalelections,quotingModiasthefirstPrimeMinisterofIndia"toprioritizeUniversalHealthCoverageaspartofhispoliticalplatform".TheAyushmanBharat(AB)Programme(whichmeans"blessedIndia"inliteraltermsor"healthyIndia"inthecontextofhealth)restsonthetwinpillarsoftheNationalHealthProtectionMission(NHPM-thesecondary&tertiarycaresocialhealthinsuranceprogramme)andtheestablishmentof150,000additionalHealthandWellnessCentres(HWCs-anupdatedversionofprimaryhealthcentresthatwillincludeafocuson wellnessa swell).InhisIndepe ndence Dayspeech,Modicalled theheal thprotectionscheme"PradhanMantriJanAarogyaAbhiyaan"(PMJAA-meaningthePrimeMinisterPeople'sHealthMission).Theprogrammehashadquiteamulti-monickerjourneysinceitsfirstannouncementinFeb,2018.Itsnamehasbeenchangedseveraltimes,allinthequesttofindaHindinamethatwouldbe acceptablet oitstarg etbeneficiaries:fromModicaretoNation alHealthProtectionMission(NHPM)to PradhanMantriRashtriyaSwasth yaSurakshaMission(PM RSSM,meaningPrimeMinisterNationalHealthProtectionMission),andnowPradhanMantriJanAarogyaAbhiyaan(PMJAA).PMRSSMwasinterestinglydroppedforthepresenceoftheletters"RSS"(RashtriyaSwayasevakSangh-meaningNationalVolunteerOrganization)inthename,RSSbeingtheIndianright-wing,Hindu-nationalistvoluntaryorganization.Forthetimebeing,though,ModicareandNHPMarethenamesusedmostfrequently."Successor"ofRSBY&somelessonsfrommyPhDMaybegoodtoknowforyou:IstudiedtheimplementationofRashtriyaSwasthyaBimaYojana(RSBY)inoneofthewesternstatesofIndiaformyPhDthesis.Usingatheorybasedevaluation,Iidentifiedtheaccoun tabilitymechanismsavailableintheprog rammedesignofenrolmentandtriedto understandhowtheyfunctionedontheground.Basedonmy8-9monthsofextensivefieldexperienceinteractingwithmultiplestakeholdersfromalllevels(publicaswellasprivate;national,state,districtaswellaslocal),Ifoundthatmostofthesemechanismslargelyplayedasymbolicrole.Hence,IhavesomeseriousconcernsaboutthedesignandimplementationofthisnewlyannouncedAB-NHPM,asinmanywaysit'sthesuccessorofRSBY.Letmeexplainabitmoreindetailbelow,afterelaboratinghowNHPMdiffersfromRSBY.TheNationalHealthProtectionMission(NHPM)aimstoprovidefreeaccesstosecondaryandtertiarycaretoover100millionhouseholdsforacoverageofuptoINR5lakhs(~7000USD)annually,withoutanylimitintermsoffamilysizeandageofthehouseholdmembers.RSBY,NHPM'spredecessorintroducedin2008,providedafinancialcoverageofINR30000(~500USD)forafamilyofupto5,to~36.33millionhouseholds(againstthetargetof60mnhouseholds).WhilethetargetpopulationforRSBYwasprimarilytheBelowPovertyLine(BPL)population(basedonthe2001Censusinamajorityofthei mplementing states)alongwithahandfulofunorganiz edsectorcategories,NHPM has

3improveduponthis,byconsideringtheSocio-EconomicCasteCensus,2011toidentifyitstargetbeneficiaries.Still,alagof7yearswillresultintheexclusionofsomeeligiblebeneficiaries.Enrolment(mandatoryinRSBY)hasbeeneliminatedandreplacedbythebeneficiaryidentificationprocessforAB-NHPMatthepointofcontactforhealthcarei.e.healthcarefacilities.EliminationofthefirstpointofcontactwiththebeneficiariesviaenrolmentinNHPM,makestheroleofInformation,EducationandCommunication(IEC)activitiesevenmorecritical,asthebeneficiariesneedtoknowabouttheireligibilityfortheprogramme,programmefeaturesandbenefitsandwaystoaccessit.DonotassumethatthecurrentmassmediacoverageonModicarewillinformthebeneficiariesofallthesedetails.SimilartoRSBY,NHPMaimstoprovidecashless,paperlesstransactionstoitstargetbeneficiarieswithportabilityfeatures,i.e.beneficiariescangetthetreatmentthroughanyempaneledpublicorprivatehospitalacrossthecountry.EvidencefromRSBYimplementationpointedtodifficultiesinsettlinginter-insuranceclaimsettlements(intermsofdelaysandrejections).Also,likeinRSBY,thenewschemewillcover allpre-existingillnesses,pre-hospitalization,post-hospitalizationandtransportationexpenses,thoughtheliteratureonRSBYreportsbeneficiarieswhoreceivedtreatmentunderRSBYincurredOOPexpendituresparticularlyonmedicinesanddiagnostics.TheNationalHealthAgency(NHA)andStateHealthAgencies(SHAs)-theagenciesestablishedatcentralandstatelevelsrespectivelytomanageandmonitortheimplementationoftheprogramme,willhavetoensurethattheimplementationofNHPMimprovesuponthemistakesidentifiedintheimplementationofRSBY,andmakeevidence-informeddecisions.FindingsofmyPh.D.thesisalsohighlightedothercriticalissuesinthedesignandimplementationoftheRSBY,moreinparticulartheinvolvementofprivateactorsatmultiplelevels(Insurancecompanies,ThirdPartyAdministrators,SmartCardServiceProvidersandhospitals);theirvaryingpowerrelationswithdifferentlevelsofthegovernmentmachinery,lackofclarityonspecificrolesandresponsibilitiesofeachoftheseimplementingactors,oftenleadingtopoorcommunicationandweakco-ordinationamongstthemwhilework ingonthegr ound,andallth iscoupledwithweakaccount abilitymechanisms.ItisclearthatmanyoftheseconcernswillneedtobeaddressedifimplementationofNHPMistobeeffectiveontheground.Apprehensionsontheinvolvementoftheprivatesector,andregulatoryandmonitoringelementsinthedesignofNHPMmakethefindingsofmythesisevenmorepertinent.Intheabsenceofadequateaccountabilitymechanisms,challengeslikeover utilizationofhe althcareservicesthro ughover-prescriptionofdiagnosticsandtreat ment, convertingoutpatientintoinpatientca re,s electivelychoosingprofitablecasesorhospitalschargingforcashlessproceduresarequiteforeseeable,havingbeenhighlightedseveraltimesintheimplementationliteratureofRSBY.Nevertheless,'Modicare'isseenasasignificantsteptowardsachievingthetwintargetsofSDG3.8ofreducingthefinancialburdenandincreasingpopulationcoverage.India'sHealthMinister,JPNaddaclaimsthat'NHPMisgoingtobeoneoftheworld'slargestsocialhealthinsuranceprogrammesduetoitssheernumbersandthisschemeshallbeagamechangerfortheIndianHealthcare'.Alongwithitspreventivearmofestablishing150,000HWCsaimingtoprovidecomprehensiveprimaryhealthcare,ABcanalsobeseenasimprovingonthethirdelement(theothertwobeingfinancialcoverageandpopulationcoverage)ofthe"UHCcube",i.e.improvingaccesstoawiderrangeofhealthcareservices.AsNHPMgetsthebulkoftheattention,itisfeared,however,thattheHWCsmightnotreceivetheirdueresources.Qualityconcerns

4Inaddit ion,whilethefocusislarge lyonincreas ingserviceco verageto~40%of thec ountry'spopulation,anotherpotentialchallengetheschemewillfaceisthequalityofservicesdelivered.ALancetarticlepublishedcoincidingwiththelaunchofTheLancetGlobalHealthCommissiononHighQualityHealthSystemsintheSDGerareportedthat2.4mnpeopleinIndiayearlydieduetotreatableconditions,outofwhich1.6mn(~66%)dieduetopoorqualityofhealthcare,andtherestduetonon-utilizationofhealthcare.While'Modicare'wouldpotentiallyincreasetheutilizationofhealthcareservicesinIndia,itshouldalsoatthesametimefocusonensuring(andimproving)thequalityofhealthcareservicesdeliveredthroughitsempaneledhospitalsandHWCs.Around6000privatehospitalsareexpectedtojoinNHPM,butnotallwouldbeaccreditedbytheNationalAccreditationBoardforHospitalsandHealthcareproviders(NABH),anaccreditationboardestablishedbytheQualityCoun cilofIn dia(QCI) toensurequalitystandar dsinthedeliveryofhealthcare.Only540hospitalsacrossthecountryhaveNABHaccreditationcurrentlyandnotallofthemmayjoinNHPM.Giventheincentiveof15%higherratesforapprovedtreatmentstoNABHaccreditedhospitalsand10%higherratestoentry-levelNABHhospitals,arisecanbeexpected(notsufficient,though)intheaccreditationofhospitalsasNHPMimplementationtakesoff.WithrespecttotheHWCs,otherthantheinaugurationnewsofthesecentresindifferentpartsofthecountry,there'snotmuchinform ationon theavailability andutilizationofresourcesin termsofsta ff,medicines,medicalequipmentsetc.andmoreimportantlyonhowthequalityofservicesdeliveryinthesecentreswillbemonitored.Bytheway,focusingonqualitywouldalsoneedintegrationwithothersocialdeterminantsofhealthlikecleandrinkingwater,hygienictoilets,nutritiousfoodetc.aswellasappropriatehandlingofbio-medicalwaste,especiallyinthehospitals,topreventanyhospital-acquiredinfections(butalsointheirhomes).Currentpicture&hopeforagoodstartofModicareWiththesoftlaunchofNHPMbyModionIndependenceDay,wenowhave30statesandunionterritoriesonboard(withTamilNadubeingthelatesttojoin).21outofthe30stateswhoagreedtobeapartofNHPMareoptingforthe"trustmodel"(wherethestateestablishesatrustandhandlestheentireimplementationoftheprogramme)asopposedtothe"Insurancemodel"(wherethestatecontractsouttheinsuranceservicestotheinsurancecompanies).Withchangesintheimplementationdesignmodel,itwon'tbeeasytoavoidstatecapacitydeficitsandotherissuesofalignmentofcentralandstatelevelschemeswithrespecttopopulationcoverage,financialcoverageaswellasservicecoverage,thatmuchisclear.Itwouldalsobeimportantforthestatestohaveclearlydefinedrolesandresponsibilitiesforeachoftheimplementingactorstoavoidanyambiguitiesatthetimeofrollout.Onamorepositivenote,pilotshavenowstartedinmorethanhalfoftheagreedstatesandthefirstclaimunderNHPMhasalreadybeenraisedfromapublichospitalinHaryanaforanewbornbabygirl.IfModicareisimplementedeffectively,thelandscapeofIndianHealthcarewillindeedsubstantiallybetransformedinthecomingyears.Withtheofficiallaunchdateof25thSeptemberquitenear,theNHAandSHAswillhavetogearuptheirpreparationfortheimplementationofNHPM.Ashiccupscanbeexpectedandareonlynormalifsuchahugeschemeistoberolledout,hopefullytheseagencieswillturnouttobe'learningsystems',beingquickandresponsiveinaddressingtheseinitialhiccups.Lastbutnotleast,IalsohopethatModicaredoesn'tgetcaughtinasimilardestructivepolarizationprocessasisthecaseintheUSforObamacare.IndiansneedUHC,morethanever.

5Highlightsoftheweek40thanniversaryof"AlmaAta"Yes-entera"DesperateHousewives"voiceover-,thiswastheweekthat40yearsago,theAlmaAtaDeclarationsawthelight.Ifyoufirstwanttore-readtheoriginalAlmaAtadeclaration,seeAlmaAtaDeclaration-1978.AnniversaryEvents• OnWednesday(12September),the40thAnniversaryoftheAlmaAtaDeclarationwascelebratedattheJohnHopkinsBloombergSchoolofPublicHealthwithakeynotespeakersessionbyDr.RitaThapa,whowaspresentinthatroomatthetimeofsigningthedeclarationonSeptember12,1978.RepresentingNepalatAlma-Ata,sherecalls"thedeclarationasasingularmomentinherlifeandcareer".Onthesameday,40yearslater,Dr.Thapasharedherjourneyandreflectionsonhowthingshavechangedoverthepast40years,andhowpromisingthefuturelooks(seeGHN:thelessonsfromAlmaAta).• WealreadywanttoflaghereanotherupcomingAlmaAta40event,inAntwerpwhichwilltakeplacejustafewdaysbeforetheAstanaconferenceinOctober.23rdOct,2018:InternationalSymposiumattheInstituteofTropicalMedicine,Antwerp,Belgium40yearsafterAlma-Ata:Primaryhealthcarein2018andbeyond,insouthandnorth.Formoredetails,seehere.FortheConceptNote:40YearsAfterAlma-AtaSymposium-ConceptnoteSomereads&analysisOngoingblogseriesonAlmaAta40bytheHealthandHumanRightsJournalWithamongothers:Recommended:ALMA-ATAat40:CivilSocietyContinuestheCommitmenttoHealthforAllEvenmorerecommended:ALMA-ATAat40:TimeforaCriticalHealthEconomics(bySaraDavis)

6Excerpt:"...Humanrightsandhealtheconomicscouldbecomplementary.Globalrightsstandards,includingAlma-Ata,recognizeinequality,discrimination,andotherbarrierstoaccessinghealthservices,butarefranklyunrealisticaboutbudgetaryconstraintsanddatagaps.Healtheconomicstoolsmayberealisticaboutresourceconstraints,withoutaddressingthecomplexbarriersdiscriminationandinequalitycreatetoaccessinghealthforthosemostoftenleftbehind.Tomovebeyondthisimpasse,humanrightsscholarsandhealtheconomistsshouldcometogethertoforgeacriticalhealtheconomicsthatrecognizesthathealthistheproductofapoliticalcontext,onethatshapesdataandevenresearchagendas.Morebroadly,wealsoneedtoworktogethertochallengetheconceptofthelimitedbucketoffunds - theparadigmofscarcitythatisbecomingincreasinglynormalized,atamomentofstarklygrowingglobalinequality...."CheckoutalsoALMA-ATAat40:RevisitingtheDeclaration.JHanalysisDavidBishaietal,inJHmagazine-PrimaryHealthCareForAll - Alma-AtaDeclaration's40thAnniversaryRecommended!!Ifyoucan'tgetenoughofDavidBishai,readalsoFromAlmaAtatoAstana:ourforkintheroadtowardsachievinghealthforallMedicalHistory-VisualisingPrimaryHealthCare:WorldHealthOrganizationRepresentationsofCommunityHealthWorkers,1970-89 AMedcalf&JNunes;https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/medical-history/article/visualising-primary-health-care-world-health-organization-representations-of-community-health-workers-197089/A65B47A10DE38F003CD72B7AF552A445Fascinatingarticle&oneofthereadsoftheweek."FortheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO),the1978Alma-AtaDeclarationmarkedamoveawayfromthedisease-specificandtechnologically-focusedprogrammesofthe1950sand1960stowardsareimaginedstrategytoprovide'HealthforAllbytheYear2000'.Thisnewapproachwascentredonprimaryhealthcare,avisionbasedonacceptablemethodsandappropriatetechnologies,devisedincollaborationwithcommunitiesanddependentontheirfullparticipation.Since1948,theWHOhadusedmasscommunicationsstrategiestopubliciseitsinitiativesandshapepublicattitudes,andthepolicyshiftinthe1970srequiredanewvisualstrategy.Inthiscontext,communityhealthworkers(CHWs)playedacentralroleaskeyvisualidentifiersofHealthforAll.ThisarticleexaminesaperiodofpicturingandpublicinformationworkonthepartoftheWHOregardingCHWs.ItsetsouttounderstandhowthevisualpoliticsoftheWHOchangedtoaccommodatePHCasanewpriorityprogrammefromthe1970sonwards.TheargumenttracksattemptstodefineCHWsandexaminesthetechniquesemployedbytheWHOduringthe1970sandearly1980stopromotetheconcepttodifferentaudiencesaroundtheworld.Itthenmovestoexplorehowtheprocesswasevaluated,aswellasthedifficultiesinprocuringfreshimagery.Finally,thearticletracestheserepresentations

13Excerpt:"...FortheWorldBank-andforotherswhoseethat,inatimeofstagnatingresources,innovativesolutionsareneededifcountrieshaveanyhopeofmakingfastprogresstowardstheSustainableDevelopmentGoals-theGFFisimportantbecauseitisamechanismtogetcountriestomakebetteruseofWorldBankmoney.HealthandnutritionoftenmissoutonInternationalDevelopmentAssociation(IDA)andInternationalBankforDevelopmentandReconstruction(IDRB)grantsandconcessionalloansastheyaretraditionallyusedforeconomicinfrastructure.WorldBankPresidentJimKimispushingcountriestousethesefacilitiesforhealthandtheGFFmechanismisalreadyshowingresults.However,loanshavetoberepaidandaresuitableforinvestmentsbutnotfortheongoingrunningcostsofafunctioninghealthservice.Forme,theGFFismostexcitingasanopportunitytoencouragecountriestoincreasetheirowndomesticresourcesforhealthandnutrition.Theonlysubstantialandlong-termsolutionisforgovernmentstotaxfairlyandallocatesufficientresources.ThisisespeciallytrueascountriestransitionfromaidmechanismslikeGaviandtheGlobalFund...."AsyouknowtheGFFreplenishmenttakesplaceon6November,inNorway.2billionisthetarget.Aid&developmenttrendsInthissection,we'llprovidesomenews,analysis&trendsonvarioustraditional&newdonors(whethertheyliketheterm'donors'isanotherquestion).JapanandChinatakefirststeptowardjointinfrastructureabroadhttps://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-Relations/Japan-and-China-take-first-step-toward-joint-infrastructure-abroad"JapanandChinaaremovingaheadwiththeirplanstocooperateonoverseasinfrastructureprojects,withanewlyestablishedpublic-privatecommitteescheduledtoholditsfirstmeetinginlateSeptemberinBeijing.......JapanesePrimeMinisterShinzoAbeandChinesePremierLiKeqiangmetinTokyoinMayandagreedtocooperateoninfrastructureprojectsinthirdcountries.......JapanaimstoavoidexcessivecompetitionwithChinaoninfrastructureprojectsbycollaborating.ShowingsupportforBeijing'sBeltandRoadInitiativecouldalsoleadtobetterbilateralties.China,foritspart,seekstoavoidbeinglabeledoverseasasadisreputableinvestorbybringingJapanonboard...."Ifyoucan'tbeatthem,join'em,Abeprobablythinks.DukeCenterforPolicyImpactinGlobalHealth(Analysis)-TheForumonChina-Africacooperationsummit:whatisitandwhydoesitmattertoglobalhealth?KKennedy;http://centerforpolicyimpact.org/2018/09/10/the-forum-on-china-africa-cooperation-summit-what-is-it-and-why-does-it-matter-to-global-health/Must-readanalysisoftheFOCACmeeting(andpre-events)byKaciKennedy-fromaglobalhealthpolicyangle.Theconclusion:"TheFOCAC2018Summit - aswithmostofChina'shigh-levelforums - involvesadecentamountofpompandcircumstance.However,thesedeclarationsandhigh-level

15assistancebytheendofhismandatein2022 - upfrom0.38percentin2016,asteptowardthe0.7percentUnitedNations-setbenchmark.......ThestrategicplanoutlinesfiveoverarchingcommitmentsforAFD:Tobe100%"compatible"withtheParisClimateAgreement;toensureallprojectsreinforcesocialcohesionandwell-being,includingaccesstoeducationandgenderequality;toengageinfragilecontextsinclosecollaborationwithdefenseanddiplomaticefforts;toincreasefinancingfornon-stateactors;andtoworkwithnewpartnerstoboostknowledge-sharingandeffectiveness...."PartnershipEU&AfricaMeanwhile,inhisannualStateoftheUnion,"TheEuropeanCommissionPresidentJean-ClaudeJunckersaidonWednesdaythecontinent'sregionalblocwillproposeanewalliancewithAfrica,thatwillcreateupto10millionjobs."''Today,weareproposinganewAllianceforSustainableInvestmentandJobsbetweenEuropeandAfrica,thatwouldhelpcreateupto10millionjobsinAfricainthenext5yearsalone,''Junckersaid.SomemoreevidencethattheEU,likemostothercountries,isshiftingfromanaid-centeredapproachtoapartnershipapproachwithAfrica.SeealsoanalysisbyVinceChadwickinDevex-EUannouncesneweconomicpackageonAfrica.Including:"....ForBrussels,theworst-casescenariowouldbealossofbothpoliticalandeconomiccloutinAfricatothelikesofChinaandBrazil,aseniorEUofficialtoldDevex.Inthatscenario,Africanleaders"couldn'tcarelessaboutmigrationtoEurope,sotheysay'whoeverwantstoleavetoEurope,leavestoEurope.'"HencewhyEUleadersaremeetingnextweektoconsiderofferingmoreaidasanincentiveforAfricanstatestohelppreventillegalmigration."Someotherreads:CSISbrief-TheWorldisComingtoSub-SaharanAfrica.WhereistheUnitedStates?"Sub-SaharanAfrica'sforeigncounterpartsareforgingcloserpartnershipswiththeregionbecausetheyseenewopeningsfortradeandinvestment,aswellasgrowingthreatsfromterrorism,criminality,epidemics,andirregularmigration.JustlikeChina,thesecountriesbelievethatAfricaisincreasinglyimportanttoawiderangeofeconomic,security,andpoliticalgoals.ThisuptickinengagementrepresentsaseachangeinAfrica'sforeignrelations.Whilemanyofthesecountries - includingChinaandtheGulfStates - havebeeninvolvedintheregionfordecades,thesheernumberofcountriesandsignificantinfluxofresourceshavereshapedthelandscape.TheUnitedStatesparadoxicallyissteppingawayfromtheregionwhiletherestoftheworldisleaningin...."DevexonUKaid:AidministerdoesnotneedsignoffonODAspending,saysUKgovernment

20RichardSmith(blog)-WhoandWhataremedicaljournalsfor?https://richardswsmith.wordpress.com/2018/09/06/what-and-who-are-medical-journals-for/Withoutanydoubt,oneofthereadsoftheweek.Startingfrom'PlanS',SmithdwellsonthehistoryoftheLancetandBMJ,amongothers.Amongothersonthequestionwhethermedicaljournalsshouldbepolitical,entertaining,...&muchmore."...Thepossiblefunctionsofjournalsarethusinforming,reforming,disseminatingscience,educating,providingaforumforacommunitytodebatetheissuesoftheday,entertaining,andmakingmoney.Ibelievethatagoodjournalwilldoallofthesethings,tryingalwaystomaintainabalance...."Heconcludes:"Medicaljournalshavemanyfunctionsanddiversecustomers.Theyseemtobegoodatstirringupdebatebutpoorataffectingchange.Traditionallytheyhavebeenmoreconcernedwithauthorsthanreaders,buttheirfuture - iftheyhaveafuture - liesinbeingmoreconcernedwithreaders."Lancet(Letter)-SupportforUNRWA'ssurvivalhttps://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(18)32264-5/fulltextByKarlBlanchet&150+othersignatories."...UNRWAisnowfightingforsurvival.OnAug31,2018,theTrumpAdministrationconfirmedthattheUSA,previouslyUNRWA'slargestdonor,willnolongerfundUNRWA.FundingcrisesarenotnewtoUNRWA.Thiscrisis,however,isunprecedented.......Ifactionisnottaken,governmentswillbegivingthegreenlighttoaruinousmultifacetedemergency,onetheregionsimplycannotbear.We,scientistsandscholars,urgeourgovernmentstosupportUNRWAnow,sustainingUNRWAservicesandtherebyavertingfurtherlossoflife,dignity,andhope."SeealsoaLancetWorldReport-FundscutforaidintheoccupiedPalestinianterritory"InthewakeoftheUSA'scutstoPalestinianaid,healthintheoccupiedPalestinianterritorymightbejeopardisedbyafundingshortfall.SharmilaDevireports."Leftpopulism&globalhealth?It'sincreasinglyclearthatglobalhealtheitherhastosidewiththeMacrons,Merkels&Trudeausofthisworld-who,foralltheirflaws,wanttomaintainamultilateralorder,thoughwith(somewhatmitigated)neoliberalcharacteristics,andtry(oratleastproclaimtotry)avoidingrunawayclimatechangeusing,however,capitalistapproaches-orinsteadbackleft-wingpopulismasadvocatedbyChantalMouffe.

22Bacheletwillhaveherhandsfull."Analarmingand"shameful"levelofharshreprisalsandintimidationagainstthosewhocooperatewiththeUnitedNationsinanefforttoupholdhumanrights,hasbeenrevealedbyanewUNreportlaunchedonWednesday.TheninthannualreportofSecretary-GeneralAntónioGuterresdetailsthelevelofretaliationagainsthumanrightsdefendersonacountry-by-countrybasis,includingallegationsofkilling,torture,arbitraryarrests,andpublicstigmatizationcampaigns,whichalsotargetvictimsofrightsabuse."PlanetaryHealth,conflict&globalhungerUNNews-'Directexistentialthreat'ofclimatechangenearspointofnoreturn,warnsUNchiefhttps://news.un.org/en/story/2018/09/1018852"Theworldriskscrossingthepointofnoreturnonclimatechange,withdisastrousconsequencesforpeopleacrosstheplanetandthenaturalsystemsthatsustainthem,theUnitedNationsSecretary-GeneralAntónioGuterreswarnedonMonday,callingformoreleadershipandgreaterambitionforclimateaction,toreversecourse."Hecalledforrenewedcommitmentandannouncedahigh-levelU.N.summitonclimatechangein2019.Meanwhile,inSanFrancisco,theGlobalClimateActionSummitistakingplace,withafocusonsubnational&privatesectoraction."Thesummit,hostedbyCaliforniaGov.JerryBrown - andwithsupportfromothermajorplayers,includingphilanthropistMichaelBloomberg - willgiverisetoarangeofnewcommitments,someofwhichhavealreadybeguntotricklein...."Formoreinfo,seethe'PlanetaryHealth'sectionbelow.Guardian-Globalhungerlevelsrisingduetoextremeweather,UNwarnshttps://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/sep/11/global-hunger-levels-rising-due-to-extreme-weather-un-warns"Globalhungerhasrevertedtolevelslastseenadecadeago,wipingoutprogressonimprovingpeople'saccesstofoodandleavingoneinninepeopleundernourishedlastyear,withextremeweatheraleadingcause,theUNhaswarned.Hungerafflicted821millionpeoplelastyear,thethirdannualrisesince2015,withmostregionsofAfricaandmuchofSouthAmericashowingworseningsignsoffoodshortagesandmalnutrition.Morethanhalfabillionoftheworld'shungryliveinAsia.Thereversalofprogressmadeinslowingmalnutritioninthefirsthalfofthisdecadehascausedseriousconcernamonginternationalagencies.Climateshocks,suchasdroughtsandfloods,wereidentifiedbytheUNas"amongthekeydrivers"fortherisein2017,alongwithconflictandeconomicslowdowns.Nearly100millionpeoplewereleftdependentonhumanitarianaidduringtheyear...."ForthenewFAOreport,see2018:Thestateoffoodandsecurityintheworld

23ForeignPolicy-WhyGrowthCan'tBeGreenJasonHickel;https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/09/12/why-growth-cant-be-green/"Newdataprovesyoucansupportcapitalismortheenvironment - butit'shardtodoboth."Guardian-Starvation:aweaponofwarthatcouldkill590,000childrenbytheendof2018https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2018/sep/10/starvation-a-weapon-of-war-that-could-kill-590000-children-by-the-end-of-2018"Starvationbeingusedasaweaponofwarhasbecomethenewnormal,accordingtoSavetheChildren.Itsanalysisshowsmorethanhalfamillioninfantsinconflictzonescoulddieofmalnutritionbytheendoftheyeariftheydonotreceivetreatment,theequivalentofoneeveryminute.ThecharitymakesitsownestimatesusingUNdata,andprojectsthat4.5millionunder-fiveswillneedtreatmentforlife-threateninghungerthisyearinthemostdangerousconflictzones-anincreaseof20%since2016.Atcurrentrates,onlyoneinthreewillreceivetreatment,and590,000coulddieasaresult.ThedataemergedaheadofTuesday'slaunchoftheUNannualreportonfoodsecurity...."LancetWorldReport-CrisisintheChadBasinhttps://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(18)32250-5/fulltext"Thoseintheregionarecontendingwithdisplacement,malnutrition,drought,andpooraccesstohealthcare,9yearsaftertheBokoHaraminsurgencybegan.SharmilaDevireports."LancetGBDseriesonNCDsinIndiaLancet-https://www.thelancet.com/gbd?utm_campaign=gbdindia18&utm_source=carousel"FiveGlobalBurdenofDiseasestudiesreportthefindingsonthehealthinIndia,focusingoncardiovasculardisease,cancers,chronicrespiratorydiseases,diabetes,andsuicidedeaths."Lancet-Offline:ThenewpoliticsofhealthinIndiahttps://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(18)32211-6/fulltext""Thereisafull-blowncrisisinIndia."SosaidRahulGandhi,PresidentoftheIndianNationalCongressParty,duringavisittotheLondonSchoolofEconomicslastmonth.Hewastalkingabouta"jobscrisis".Butthereisalsoahealthcrisis,asfivepaperspublishedacrossthreeLancetspecialtyjournals - LancetOncology,GlobalHealth,andPublicHealth - setoutthisweek.Nowistherightmomenttobedebatingthefuturehealthoftheworld'slargestdemocracy.InApril,2019,IndianvoterswillgotothepollsinthemostimportantgeneralelectionsinceIndiaachievedindependence

31pervasiveandhardertomeasurethan'haveyouhalvedX?'TheSDGsseemtofitadiverse,multipolarworldwheredevelopmentprioritiesarequiterightlydecidedatalocallevel,notimposedfromoutside,andbeingbeingsubsumedintonationalpoliticsindifferentwaysindifferentplaces.Butthatstilldoesn'tanswerthequestionofwhyweshoulddevotesomuchtimeandattentiontotheSDGs,whenotherinternationalinstrumentsaremorebinding(ILOandUNConventions).IhavestillhaveseennothingthatcomparestheSDGsagainstalltheseotheragreementsintermsoftheirimpactondecisionmakers...."DevelopmentPolicyReview-CriticaldiscourseanalysisofperspectivesonknowledgeandtheknowledgesocietywithintheSustainableDevelopmentGoalsSarahCummingsetal;https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/dpr.12296"Criticaldiscourseanalysis(CDA)isemployedtoanalyzediscoursesofknowledgeandtheknowledgesocietyintheSustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs).Discourseanalysisisacollectivenameforanumberofscientificmethodologiesforanalyzingsemiosis,namelyhowmeaningiscreatedandcommunicatedthoughwritten,vocalorsignlanguage.Employingagenealogicalapproachwhichlocatesdiscoursesinthefieldofpriordiscourses,twopriordiscoursesoftheknowledgesocietyareidentifiedinthekeydocumentoftheSDGs.Theconceptsknowledgeandknowledgesocietyarefoundtohaveamarginalpositionwithinthemainpolicydocument"Transformingourworld,"adoptedbytheUnitedNationsinSeptember2015.Thetechno-scientific-economicdiscourseisfoundtobedominantatthelevelofimplementationandofgoals,whilethereissomeevidenceofthepluralist-participatorydiscourseatthelevelofvisionandstrategy.Analysisofsomeofthepolicyadviceprovidedbyinternationalorganizationsandcivilsocietyindicatesthatmorepluralist-participatorydiscoursesonknowledgewererepresentedwhentheSDGswerebeingformulated.Developedcountriesandthecorporatesectorwereveryinfluentialindeterminingthefinaltextandwereprobablyinstrumentalinexcludingmoretransformationaldiscoursesandmaintainingthestatusquo."MeToo&aid/globalhealthDevex-Q&A:ILOexpertonnewworkplaceharassmentandviolencetreatyhttps://www.devex.com/news/q-a-ilo-expert-on-new-workplace-harassment-and-violence-treaty-93370"AstheUnitedNationsisconsideringadditionalmeasurestobeefupitsownsexualharassmentpolicies,oneagency - theInternationalLabourOrganization - islookingattryingtocreateaglobalsetofstandardsaroundharassmentandviolenceforworkers.ILOisconsideringalegallybindingtreatythatcouldprotectallworkersfromviolenceandharassmentintheworkplace,ifindividualcountriesadoptedandratifiedthemeasure.Theideahasbeenconsideredforthepastdecade,butconversationsaroundapotentialtreatyhavebeenongoingforthepastfouryears,precedingthe#MeToo,andaidanddevelopmentindustry-specific#AidToo,movements..."

36PlanetaryhealthDevex-Bangkokclimatetalkleaves'heavylifting'toPolandCOP24https://www.devex.com/news/bangkok-climate-talk-leaves-heavy-lifting-to-poland-cop24-93401"TheBangkokclimatetalkculminatedina300-pagedraft,atomethathighlightshowmuchislefttodobeforetherulebookfortheParisAgreementonclimatechangecanbeadoptedinthePolishcityofKatowicelaterthisyear.Negotiatorsfrom178countriesgatheredintheThaicapitalforalastchanceaheadof24thConferenceofthePartiestotheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChangetountanglethesuiteofguidelinesthatwillsteertheParisAgreementtowardeffectiveimplementation.Withweeklongnegotiationsoftenprogressingwellintothenight,severalaspectsoftherulebookdidseeanimprovementinclarity,tirednegotiatorsandstakeholderstoldDevexonSunday.Butotheraspects,suchasthevitalissueofclimatefinanceanddetailsofnationallydeterminedcontributions,orNDCs,remainmurky.Developedcountries - ledbytheUnitedStates - tookanaggressivestanceonfinance,avoidingconversationsabouthowtheywouldcommunicatefuturepayoutstocountrieshithardbyrisingtemperatures.RichnationsskirtedtalksofthereplenishmentoftheGreenClimateFundandaprocesstoestablishanewlong-termfinancegoalinamovethatActionAid'sGlobalLeadonClimateChangeHarjeetSinghsaidthreatenstheaccordentirely."TheParisAgreementisonthebrink,"SinghsaidonSunday."Developedcountriesaregoingbackontheirwordandrefusingtoagreeclearrulesgoverningclimatefinance.Iftheyremainstuckintheirpositionsandfailtoloosentheirpurses,thistreatymaycollapse...."SeealsotheGuardian-'Limited'progressatBangkokclimatetalksorUNNews-UnevenprogressonclimateactionatBangkokconference.IISD-SDGKnowledgeWeekly:ClimateActionbyStateandNon-StateActorsIISD;"AspreviewedbytheSDGKnowledgeHub'sMonthlyForecastforSeptember,climatechangefeaturesprominentlyontheglobalcommunity'sagendaforthemonth.Thisweek's'KnowledgeWeekly'reviewseventsandpapersfromState-andnon-stateactors,highlightingthoselaunchedaroundthisweek'sGlobalClimateActionSummitandthejust-concludedBangkokClimateChangeConference.""...TheGlobalClimateActionSummit(GCAS)isbeingconvenedbyCaliforniaGovernorJerryBrownfrom12-14September,inSanFrancisco,California,US,onthetheme,'TakeAmbitiontotheNextLevel.'TheSummitwillserveasaplatformfornon-stateactorssuchaslocalgovernments,businessesandcivilsocietytoshowcaseactiontowardsthegoalsoftheParisAgreementonclimatechange.Itfurtherseekstoinspirenationalgovernmentstoincreasetheambitionoftheir

39ofHealthconfirmedthetenthcaseinPortMoresby,thecapitaloftheimpoverishedsouthwestPacificcountry...."Science-SteepdropinZikacasesunderminesvaccinetrialJonCohen;http://science.sciencemag.org/content/361/6407/1055"Controversialstrategyofintentionallyinfectingvolunteerstotestvaccinecandidatesisnowbackontheagenda."Aidsmap-Startingfromhere-whatPrEPprogrammescanlearnfromcircumcisionhttp://www.aidsmap.com/Starting-from-here-what-PrEP-programmes-can-learn-from-circumcision/page/3333820/"Funders,healthprovidersandadvocatesshouldtakelessonsfromtherolloutofvoluntarymedicalmalecircumcision(VMMC)asanHIVpreventionmeasureinAfricaiftheywishtohastenaccesstoprogrammesprovidingpre-exposureprophylaxis(PrEP),researchersargueintheInternationalJournalofSTDandAIDS."UNAIDS-NewmodeldruglawlaunchedinwesternAfricahttp://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/featurestories/2018/september/new-model-drug-law-launched-in-western-africa"UnjustlawscanpreventpeoplefromaccessingtheservicestheyneedtopreventortreatHIV,andpeoplewhousedrugsneedhelpandcare,notpunishment - thesearetwoofthemessagesfromthenewModelDrugLawforWestAfrica.Launchedon11SeptemberinDakar,Senegal,themodeldruglawaimstoguidepolicy-makersintheregiononhowtobetterframetheirdruglaws."Aidscaresupplement-HouseholdEconomicStrengtheningforHIVOutcomes.https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/caic20/30/sup3?nav=tocListThissupplementwasfundedbytheUnitedStatesAgencyforInternationalDevelopmentandthePresident'sEmergencyFundforAIDSReliefanddevelopedbytheASPIRESprojectatFHI360.Forsomemoreinfoonthebackgroundofthissupplement,seealsoThestateoftheevidenceforhouseholdeconomicstrengtheningapproachesforHIVoutcomes.

40"...UndertheauspicesoftheAcceleratingStrategiesforPracticalInnovationandResearchinEconomicStrengthening(ASPIRES)project-fundedbyUSAID/PEPFARandimplementedbyFHI360-ourteamatFHI360developedanopenaccesssupplementalissueofAIDSCaretoprovideusefulinformationtoresearchersandpractitionersaboutwhatworksandwhatwestillneedtolearnaboutHouseholdEconomicStrengthening(HES)inthecontextoftheHIVepidemic..."BMJGlobalHealth(Editorial)-ThesexgapinneonatalmortalityandtheAIDSepidemicinsub-SaharanAfricaSYayaetal;https://gh.bmj.com/content/3/5/e000940"Inthiseditorial,weanalysetrendsinthesexgapinneonataldeath - deathoccurringwithin1monthofbirth-duringtheeraoftheAIDSepidemic,andarguethattheyweresensitivetotheavailabilityofantiretroviralmedicines.ChildexposuretoHIV(duringpregnancy,deliveryandbreastfeeding)reducedthefemalesurvivaladvantage,butthissituationwasgraduallyreversedbytheavailabilityofantiretroviraltreatment."Scidev.net-ArabcountriescaughtinacycleofwaranddiseaseScidev.net;"ConflicthasleftthedoorwideopenforepidemicsintheMiddleEast,lettingleishmaniasisintoSyria,poliobackintoIraqafter14years,and - aftertwoviolentwaves - choleratospreadacrossYemenonceagain....""Sometimes,morepeoplediefromdiseasesassociatedwithwar,ortheaftermathofwar,thanfromtheconflictitself.Theeffectofepidemicslingersacrosstimeaswellasborders..."UNNews-BackedbyUNagency,countriessettotakeondeadlylivestock-killingdiseasehttps://news.un.org/en/story/2018/09/1018751"GatheredatamajorUnitedNationsagriculturalconference,over45countriestodaypledgedtoeradicateby2030ahighlycontagiousanddevastatingdiseaseresponsibleforthedeathofmillionsofsmallfarmanimals,atcostofmorethan$2billioneachyear."Relatedtothe"Pestedespetitsruminants(PPR)disease».Andaquicklink:Guardian-Zimbabwedeclaresstateofemergencyaftercholeraoutbreakclaims20lives

46Vox-Hisfamilyhelpedcausetheopioidcrisis.Nowhemightprofitfromaddictiontreatment.https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2018/9/7/17831710/richard-sackler-opioid-epidemic-buprenorphineStoryonanotherPharma"gentleman"."RichardSackler,formerpresidentofPurduePharma,may"benefitfinanciallyfromtheaddictioncrisisthathisfamily'scompanyisaccusedoffueling."Andafewquicklinks:HPW-EPOUpholdsGileadPatentOnHepCMedicines,CivilSocietySays"Accordingtocivilsocietygroups-whoexpresseddismay-theEuropeanPatentOffice(EPO)todayruledinfavourofpharmaceuticalcompanyGileadandmaintainedthecompany'spatentonhepatitisCdrugsofosbuvir.Thepatent,however,ismaintainedinanamendedform."HPW-NewR&DModelsAndIncentivesNecessaryToStepUpFightAgainstAMR,EUParliamentDeclares.HumanresourcesforhealthHumanResourcesforHealth-Communityboundaryspannersasanadditiontothehealthworkforcetoreachmarginalisedpeople:ascopingreviewoftheliteratureCWallaceetal;https://human-resources-health.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12960-018-0310-z"Healthservicesinhigh-incomecountriesincreasinglyrecognisethechallengeofeffectivelyservingandengagingwithmarginalisedpeople.Effectiveengagementwithmarginalisedpeopleisessentialtoreducehealthdisparitiesthesepopulationsface.Onesolutionisbytappingintothephenomenonofboundary-spanningpeopleinthecommunity - thosewhofacilitatetheflowofideas,information,activitiesandrelationshipsacrossorganisationandsocio-culturalboundaries...."

49Nature(News)-Peerreviewersunmasked:largestglobalsurveyrevealstrendshttps://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-06602-y?utm_source=twt_nnc&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=naturenews&sf197149141=1"Thelargest-everpeer-reviewstudyrevealsthatthereisgrowing"reviewerfatigue",witheditorshavingtoinvitemoreresearcherstogeteachreviewdone.Asurveyofmorethan11,000researchersalsofoundthatscientistsindevelopedcountrieswritenearly2peerreviewspersubmittedarticleoftheirown - nearly3timestherateofresearchersinemergingnations."LancetGlobalHealth(Comment)-Thankyoutoourdiverse(butnotdiverseenough)reviewersZoëMullan;https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X(18)30414-5/fulltext"...Aspartofthisyear'sannualthanksandpublicrecognitionofallthosewhohavereviewedforusoverthepast12months,weattemptedtoanalysethegenderofall624reviewersbetweenAugust2017andAugust2018.Wesuccessfullyidentifiedthegenderofallbutthree,andfoundthat225(36%)werewomenand396(64%)men.Soourgenderbalanceisbetterthansome,butisitgoodenough?Wedon'tthinkso.......Takingtheself-punishmentalittlefurther,wealsoanalysedreviewerdiversitybycountry(figure).Theresultsshowthat,although64countrieswererepresented,nearlyathirdofreviewerscamefromtheUSAalone,with15%fromtheUK.ThenexthighestrepresentationswereCanada,Australia,Switzerland,India,SouthAfrica,France,Brazil,andItaly..."ProjectSyndicate-ChinaisLosingtheNewColdWarMinxinPei;https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/china-cold-war-us-competition-by-minxin-pei-2018-09"IncontrasttotheSovietUnion,China'sleadersrecognizethatstrongeconomicperformanceisessentialtopoliticallegitimacy.LiketheSovietUnion,however,theyarepayingthroughthenoseforafewfriends,gainingonlylimitedbenefitswhilebecomingincreasinglyentrenchedinanunsustainablearmsracewiththeUS."Analysistobetakenwithagrainofsalt.ButthefirsttimeIsawtheBeltandRoadInitiativebeingdescribedas'imperialoverreach':)MethinksthatthesecronycapitalistsfromtheUSwillgodownbeforethecronycapitalistsfromChina.

51WorldDevelopmentReport2018-LearningtorealizeEducation'spromisehttp://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/wdr2018#"TheWorldDevelopmentReport2018(WDR2018) - LEARNINGtoRealizeEducation'sPromise - isthefirsteverdevotedentirelytoeducation.......Thebestwaytoequipchildrenandyouthforthefutureistoplacetheirlearningatthecenter.The2018WDRexploresfourmainthemes:1)education'spromise;2)theneedtoshinealightonlearning;3)howtomakeschoolsworkforlearners;and4)howtomakesystemsworkforlearning."OpenDemocracy-Whypositivethinkingwon'tgetyououtofpovertyFSialetal;https://www.opendemocracy.net/transformation/farwa-sial-and-carolina-alves/why-positive-thinking-won-t-get-you-out-of-poverty"Tosaythatpoorpeopledon'thaveenoughhope,tenacityandaspirationistodenytheiragencyaswellasthesizeofthestructuraloddstheyface.InarecentarticleintheNewYorkTimes,thedevelopmenteconomistSeemaJayachandrandiscussesthreestudiesthatusedRandomisedControlledTrials(orRCTs)tounderstandthebenefitsofenhancingtheself-worthofpoorpeople.Despitewidedifferencesincontext,allthecasesexploretheviabilityof'modestinterventions'to'instillhope'inmarginalisedcommunities,concludingthat'remarkableimprovements'inthequestforpovertyreductionarepossible...."CGD(blog)-MoreResultsfortheMoney:CashBenchmarkingatUSAIDSarahRose&AmandaGlassman;https://www.cgdev.org/blog/more-results-money-cash-benchmarking-usaid"Today,USAIDtookabigstepforwardonaneweffortthatcouldmakearealdifferencetotheagency'simpactandcost-effectiveness."AmericanAnthropologist-TeachingandCritiquingGlobalHealth:Or,"IThinkI'llGointoConsulting"RMcKay;http://www.americananthropologist.org/teaching-and-critiquing-global-health-or-i-think-ill-go-into-consulting/"Inmycontributiontothisseries,Iwanttoreflectontheambivalentpositionofbothteachingandcritiquingglobalhealth.Asanethnographer,myworkhasaskedhowanthropologicaltoolsnotonly

53JournalofEmpiricalResearchonHumanResearchEthics-LinkingParticipatoryActionResearchonHealthSystemstoJusticeinGlobalHealth:ACaseStudyoftheMaternalandNeonatalImplementationforEquitableHealthSystemsProjectinRuralUganda.BPratt&AHyder;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29160115"Anethicalframeworkcalled"researchforhealthjustice"providesinitialguidanceonhowtolinkhealthsystemsresearchinlow-andmiddle-incomecountriestohealthequity.Tofurtherdevelopthelargelyconceptualframework,wetesteditsguidanceagainsttheexperienceoftheMaternalandNeonatalImplementationforEquitableHealthSystems(Manifest)project,whichwasperformedinruralUgandabyresearchersfromMakerereUniversity.......Ouranalysisidentifieswherealignmentexistsbetweentheframework'sguidanceandtheManifestproject,providinginitiallessonsonhowthatwasachieved.Italsoidentifieswherenonalignmentoccurredandgapsintheframework'sguidance.Suggestionsarethenmadeforrevisingandexpanding"researchforhealthjustice.""BMJGlobalHealth-Systematicdebriefingafterqualitativeencounters:anessentialanalysisstepinappliedqualitativeresearchSMcMahonetal;https://gh.bmj.com/content/3/5/e000837"Conversationsregardingqualitativeresearchandqualitativedataanalysisinglobalpublichealthprogrammingoftenemphasizetheproductofdatacollection(audiorecordings,transcripts,codebooksandcodes),whilepayingrelativelylessattentiontotheprocessofdatacollection.......Thispaperdefinesanddiscussesaprocessforsystematicdebriefings.Debriefingsentailthorough,goal-orienteddiscussionofdataimmediatelyafteritiscollected.Debriefingstakedifferentformsandfulfillslightlydifferentpurposesasdatacollectionprogresses.DrawingfromexamplesinourhealthsystemsresearchinTanzaniaandSierraLeone,weelucidatehowdebriefingshaveallowedusto:enhancetheskillsofdatacollectors;gainimmediateinsightsintothecontentofdata;correctcourseamidunforeseenchangesandchallengesinthelocalcontext;strengthenthequalityandtrustworthinessofdatainrealtime;andquicklyshareemergingdatawithstakeholdersinprogrammatic,policyandacademicspheres...."BMJGlobalHealth(Editorial)-Towardsequityinglobalhealthpartnerships:adoptionoftheResearchFairnessInitiative(RFI)byPortuguese-speakingcountries ACarvalhoetal;https://gh.bmj.com/content/3/5/e000978

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