Ethanoic (acetic) acid also applies to methanoic (formic) acid Substance Hazard Pure liquid, 'glacial' usually supplied as 90 solution DANGER: both acids cause severe skin burns and eye damage Solution in water DANGER: both acids cause severe skin burns and eye damage
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Student safety sheets 23
Ethanoic (acetic) acid
also methanoic (formic) acidStudent Safety Sheets are teaching materials. For safety management, use Hazcards and other resources at www.cleapss.org.uk ©CLEAPSS® 2022
Substance Hazard Comment
Ethanoic acid (acetic acid)
Also methanoic (formic) acid
usually supplied as 90% solution (about 20 M)CORROSIVE
FLAMMABLE
DANGER: both acids cause severe skin burns
and eye damage. Ethanoic acid only: flammable vapour and liquid. For a 15-minute exposure, the concentration of methanoic acid vapour in the atmosphere should not exceed28.8 mg m-3.
Some descalers for kettles, irons etc use
methanoic acid.Concentrated acids
Solution in water
(if 4 M or more ethanoic acid; or more methanoic acid)CORROSIVE
DANGER: both acids cause severe skin burns
and eye damage.Moderately concentrated acids
(if less than 4 M but or more ethanoic acid; less than 2.2 M but or more methanoic acid)IRRITANT
WARNING: both acids are irritating to the eyes
and skin.Ant venom is about methanoic acid;
stinging nettles are less concentrated.Dilute acids
(if less than 1.7 M ethanoic acid; less than 0.4 M methanoic acid)Currently not classified as
hazardousDilute acid may still cause harm to the eyes or
the skin. Treat as for more concentrated samples.This includes vinegar (about ethanoic
acid).Typical control measures to reduce risk
Use the lowest concentration possible.
Use the smallest volume possible.
Wear eye protection; goggles for concentrated acids. Avoid breathing gas or fumes from concentrated solutions, eg, by use of a fume cupboard.Assessing the risks
What are the details of the activity to be undertaken? What are the hazards?What is the chance of something going wrong?
eg choking fumes if concentrated acid is over-heated. How serious would it be if something did go wrong?Note - we put vinegar on chips!
How can the risk(s) be controlled for this activity?eg can it be done safely? Does the procedure need to be altered? Should goggles or safety spectacles be worn?
Emergency action
In all emergency situations, alert the responsible adult immediately. Be aware that actions may include the following:
In the eye Irrigate the eye with gently running tap water for at least 20 minutes. Call 999/111. Vapour breathed in Remove to fresh air. Call 999/111 if breathing is difficult.In the
mouth/swallowed Do no more than rinse and spit with drinking water. Do not induce vomiting. Call 999/111.Split on the skin or
clothing Remove contaminated clothing. Quickly use a dry cloth or paper towel to wipe as much liquid off theskin as possible. Irrigate the affected area with gently-running tap water for at least 20 minutes. If a
large area is affected or symptoms occur, call 999/111.Spilt on the floor,
bench, etc Wipe up small amounts with a damp cloth and rinse it well. For larger amounts, and especially for (moderately) concentrated acid, cover with mineral absorbent(eg cat litter) and scoop into a bucket. Neutralise with sodium carbonate. Rinse with plenty of water.
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