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Khan Academy in

7thGrade Math Classes

A CASE STUDY

WestEd

Stacy Marple

Karina Jaquet

SVEF-iHub

Alana Laudone

Justin Sewell

Kirsten Liepmann

June 2019

© 2019 WestEd. All rights reserved.

This report is based on research funded in part by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The findings and con

clusions contained within are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect positions or policies of the Bill &

Melinda Gates Foundation.-

Suggested citation: Marple, S., Jaquet, K., Laudone, A., Sewell, J., & Liepmann, K. (2019).

Khan Academy in

7thGrade Math Classes: A Case Study.

SanFrancisco, CA: WestEd.

WestEd is a nonpartisan, nonprofit research, development, and service agency that works with education and

other communities throughout the United States and abroad to promote excellence, achieve equity, and improve

learning for children, youth, and adults. WestEd has more than a dozen offices nationwide, from Massachusetts,

Vermont, Georgia, and Washington, DC, to Arizona and California, with headquarters in San˜Francisco.

Silicon Valley Education Foundation (SVEF) was founded on the belief that a new kind of organization is needed

OE one with a different philosophy and approach to the challenges in legacy systems. A nonprofit resource and

advocate for students and educators, SVEF is dedicated to putting all students on track for college and careers,

focusing on the critical areas of science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM). The Learning Innovation

Hub (iHub) leverages research, practice, partnerships, and policy to advise and network education stakeholders

committed to raising student achievement through technology equity.

Guided by the belief that every life has equal value, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation works to help all

people lead healthy, productive lives. In developing countries, it focuses on improving people™s health and

giving them the chance to lift themselves out of hunger and extreme poverty. In the United States, it seeks to

ensure that all peopleŠespecially those with the fewest resourcesŠhave access to the opportunities they need

to succeed in school and life. Based in Seattle, Washington, the foundation is led by CEO˜Susan˜Desmond-

Hellmann and Co-chair William H. Gates Sr., under the direction of Bill and Melinda Gates and Warren Buffett.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Summary 1

Methods 4

Descriptive Findings 7

Conclusion 15

References 16List of Tables

6

Table 2. Demographic Data for Focal Classes 8

Table 3. Time (in Minutes) on Khan Academy for Teacher C™s Students, by SBAC Achievement Level 10 Table 4. Time (in Minutes) on Khan Academy for Teacher B™s Students, by SBAC Achievement Level 13

SUMMARY

lpsdfw#ri#wkhlu#zr zhevlwh#suhvhqwv#w

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uhlqirufhphqw#ri#pdwk#ohduqlqj1# Khan Academy in 7th Grade Math Classes: A Case Study2 Brief Overview of the Learning Features of Khan Academy Originally oriented toward individual use or tutor-supported use, Khan Academy is growing its services to be more amenable to classroom teachers. In fact, its KOE12 math curriculum is one of its

most developed programs. Students can begin with a diagnostic, which places them at a speci˜c math

level Š however, they are not restricted to that level, and are free to explore any topic or level of math.

The teachers in this study, when setting up their classrooms, had the option to choose the 7th grade math mission

Mission

classes, explore, practice Khan has links with Google Classroom, and it will aggregate student data automatically, import

class rosters, and let teachers set assignments and content parameters for their classes. The teacher

dashboard contains a progress bar to let teachers and students track their success with speci˜c topics.

Teachers in our study found Khan Academy to be a good support to their lessons, notwithstanding

the challenges with functionality due to available hardware and the concerns for engaging all students

equitably. Khan, like all the edtech products we observed, has an in-product system in which work in the product provides students with a currency (e.g., points, in-product money, badges). The amount of currency that they receive depends on correct answers and completed classes and missions. This currency is then used to obtain things in the product, which oen allow for personalization of their on-screen presence or avatar, access to games, and ability to skip a problem.

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Summary3

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#ihd0 lqwhudfwlyh#gljlwdo#zrunvkhhw1#

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4Khan Academy in 7th Grade Math Classes: A Case Study4

METHODS

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:wk#judgh#vwxghqwv!#ghprjudsklf#gdwd/# dv#zhoo#dv#wkhlu#gdwd#iurp#wkh#Vpduwhu#

Edodqfhg#Dvvhvvphqw#Frqvruwlxp#

Vxppdwlyh#Dvvhvvphqw#lq#Pdwkhpdwlfv#

dlp#zdv#wr#frqqhfw#vwxghqwv!#pdwkh0 matics assessment data to their Khan txdolwdwlyh#gdwd#iurp#vl{#:wk#judgh# pdwk#fodvvhv#lq#wkh#wzr#glvwulfwv1#

Research Questions

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Khan Academy use and student

achievement as measured on the

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Academy on student math achieve

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61#Krz#gr#whdfkhuv#lqfrusrudwh#Nkdq#

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Zkdw#gl revhuyhgB#Zkdw#lq>xhqfh/#li#dq|/# grhv#glvwulfw#srolf|#kdyh#rq#surgxfw# xvdjhB

71#Krz#gr#vwxghqwv#hqjdjh#zlwk#Nkdq#

Dfdghp|#gxulqj#vfkrroB#Zkdw#

vwuxfwxuhv#dqg#ihdwxuhv#duh#lq#sodfh# wr#vxssruw#vwxghqw#hqjdjhphqwB#

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hqjdjh#vwxghqwvB#Lv#lw#ehlqj#xvhg#lq# d#zd|#wkdw#vxssruwv#shuvrqdol}hg# ohduqlqjB

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agreements were arranged with the

Methods5

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Khan Academy was initially designed as a

Gathering relevant student data.

All Khan

team to gather Khan Academy user data was ehlqj#uhjxodu#wlphrxwv#zkhq#grzqordglqj# sodwirup1 rather than school emails to create their Khan

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Khan Academy in 7th Grade Math Classes: A Case Study6 ghgxfwlyh#frghv1#

Data type

District A,

Teacher ADistrict A, Teacher CDistrict B, Teacher B

Observation °eld notes

8146

Teacher interviews

324

Student focus groups

436

Students who were observed

523465

Ilhog#qrwh#gdwd#zhuh#frghg#e|#d#vlqjoh#

Kxehupdq/#4<<7,1

Focal classrooms

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DESCRIPTIVE FINDINGS

Study Sample

iru#hdfk#ri#wkh#wkuhh#whdfkhuv#wkdw# zhofrphg#xv#lqwr#wkhlu#fodvvhv#iru# revhuydwlrq1#Wdeoh#5#rq#sdjh#;#rxwolqhv# wkh#ghprjudsklfv#ri#wkh#irfdo#fodvvhv# wdxjkw#e|#wkhvh#whdfkhuv1

District A, Teacher A

prgho#zlwk#wkuhh#vwdwlrqv=#d#gluhfw# lqvwuxfwlrq#vwdwlrq/#d#vwdwlrq#zkhuh# vwxghqwv#frxog#frooderudwh#ru#ohduq# lqglylgxdoo|#xvlqj#d#zrunvkhhw/#dqg# a station where students used edtech 0 ghqwv#kdg#wkh#rssruwxqlw|#wr#fkrrvh# dprqj#wkuhh#hgwhfk#surgxfwv/#surylg0 lqj#d#xqltxh#rssruwxqlw|#wr#revhuyh# vwxghqw#surgxfw#suhihuhqfh1#Whdfkhu#D# dvvljqhg#wrslfv#rq#wkh#surgxfwv#wkdw# kdg#ehhq#fryhuhg#gxulqj#zkroh0fodvv# ru#vpdoo0jurxs#lqvwuxfwlrq1#Rq#Nkdq#

Dfdghp|/#vwxghqwv#kdg#d#fkrlfh#lq#krz#

go through the tutorials and videos qrw#revhuyh#dq|#vwxghqwv#xvlqj#wkh# wxwruldov1

Students in this class were orga

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Students who regularly chose Khan

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classroom were the least mathemat lfdoo|#sur=flhqw#lq#rxu#vwxg|/#zlwk# d#phdq#dfklhyhphqw#ohyho#ri#41:9# rq#wkh#:wk#judgh#VEDF/#zklfk#zdv# Khan Academy in 7th Grade Math Classes: A Case Study8 vljql=fdqwo| 4 #zruvh#wkdq#wkh#uhvw#ri#Glvwulfw#D1#

District A,

Teacher A's

students (all students)

Number of

studentsDistrict A, Teacher A™s students (all students)

Percentage

of total enrollmentDistrict A, Teacher C™s students (quantitative data)

Number of

students

District A,

Teacher C's

students (quantita tive data)

Percentage

of total enrollment

District B,

Teacher B's

students (quantita tive data)

Number of

students

District B,

Teacher B's

students (quantita tive data)

Percentage

of total enrollment Total enrollment

1003410033100

Ethnicity/race

12.33

Asian36.98411.76618.19

Hispanic or

Latino

3786.052985.29721.21

White, not

Hispanic

24.6512.941648.48

Other412.12

English learner

status

2148.841338.243296.97

Non-English

learner

2251.162161.7613.03

Note: Data for Teachers C and B are limited to the quantitative data set. Data forTeacher A are for all students in the two classes

we observed.

Videos

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Descriptive Findings9

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Vocabulary

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that Khan Academy integrates these into their surgxfw1

District A, Teacher C

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Mean time, in minutes, spent per school year on

Khan Math (standard deviation)

Grade 7 SBAC

achievement levelsNumber of studentsPercentage of studentsTotal timeExercisesVideosMath not part of 7th˜grade

All students *

(mean achievement level: 3) 32100
478
(289)

297 (210)15 (24)166 (88)

1 (standard not met)

825.0
271
(127)

163 (101)4 (10)105 (56)

2 (standard nearly met)

1134.38

386
(190)

237 (122)6 (9)143 (72)

3 (meeting standards)

412.5
466
(249)

286 (188)4 (8)176 (71)

4 (exceeding standards)

928.12

780
(292)

495 (250)40(31)245 (84)

*Outlier students (two students who spent over 2,000 minutes) were removed from this data set. fdyhdwv/#gxh#wr#d#yhu|#orz# n #+65#rxw#ri#d#srvvleoh# n #ri# dprqj#klv#vwxghqwv1# dfdghplf#sur=flhqf|#ohyho1# ohyho1#

Descriptive Findings11

zlwk#ylghrv#lq#wkh#fodvvurrp#vhwwlqj1

Doo#revhuyhuv/#dv#zhoo#dv#Whdfkhu#F#dqg#

exloglqj#zkhq#xvhg#lq#wkh#fodvvurrp1# were hesitant to use hints or watch videos using hints or watching videos was when an zrun/#dv#lq#wkh#fdvh#ehorz= wrog#klp#wkdw#kh#qhhghg#wr#wu|#djdlq1#L# dvnhg#klp#derxw#wkh#klqwv#dqg#wkh#ylghr# hint /#lw#jdyh#klp#wkh#=uvw#olqh#ri#wkh#pdwk# pxowlso|1#Kh#fkhfnhg#djdlqvw#klv#zrun1# wkhq#zhqw#wr#wkh#qh{w#sureohp1#

— Fieldnote171018s, Teacher C"s class

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Whdfkhu#F#h{shfwhg#doo#vwxghqwv#wr#frs|#

vwxghqwv#iurp#xvlqj#wkh#Nkdq#Dfdghp|0 hgwhfk/#dqg#qrw#mxvw#jxhvv#dw#dqvzhuv1 Khan Academy in 7th Grade Math Classes: A Case Study12 rwkhu#sureohpv1#

D#ehqh=w#ri#whdfkhuv#kdylqj#wkhlu#vwx0

revhuyhu=#

D#ihz#wlphv#L#vdz#vwxghqwv#orrnlqj#edfn#

wkurxjk#wkhlu#qrwherrnv#rq#krz#wr#gr# sureohpv1#Rqh#vwxghqw/#zkhq#idfhg#zlwk# wkurxjk#qrwhv#rq#krz#wr#pxowlso|#iudf0 wlrqv/#dqg#wkhq#rq#krz#wr#pxowlso|#qhjd0 wlyh#qxpehuv1#Wkh#vwxghqw#sdlqvwdnlqjo|# wkhlu#ods/#zulwlqj#dqg#hudvlqj#dwwhpswv# ehiruh#=qdoo|#duulylqj#dw#dq#dqvzhu#wr# hqwhu#lqwr#wkh#er{1 - Fieldnote101718s, Teacher C's class

District B, Teacher B

gxulqj#lqwhuylhzv1

Whdfkhu#E!v#vwxghqwv#shuiruphg#vljql=0

3 :wk#judgh#VEDF1#

Trends in Quantitative Data

h{shfw/#jlyhq#Nkdq#Dfdghp|!v#prgho1#Wkh# dfurvv#vwxghqwv1

Descriptive Findings13

Table 4. Time (in Minutes) on Khan Academy for Teacher B"s Students, by SBAC

Achievement Level

Khan Math (standard deviation)

Grade 7 SBAC

achievement levelNumber of studentsPercentage of studentsTotal timeExercisesVideosMath not part of 7th˜grade

All students *

(mean achievement level: 3)

271001147 (643)884 (456)59 (34)203 (158)

1 (standard not met)

13.71583 5003646

2 (standard nearly met)

518.521009 (467)745 (388)67 (52)197 (103)

3 (meeting standards)

311.111390 (1333)1150 (1095)41 (19)199 (224)

4 (exceeding standards)

1866.661177 ( 580)901 (503)61 (32)215 (159)

* Outlier students (six students who spent over 3,000 minutes) were removed from this data set.quotesdbs_dbs33.pdfusesText_39