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www.safety.fhwa.dot.govFHWA Safety Program

Road Diet

Informational Guide

Technical Report Documentation Page

1. Report No.

7. Author(s)

17. Key Words

19. Security Clasif. (of this report)

Form DOT F 1700.7

(8-72) Reproduction of completed page authorized

20. Security Clasif. (of this page)21. No. of Pages 21. Price4. Title and Subtitle

15. Supplementary Notes

16. Abstract9. Performing Organization Name and Address

12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address5. Report Date

10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS)

13. Type of Report and Period Covered6. Performing Organization Code

11. Contract or Grant No.

14. Sponsoring Agency Code8. Performing Organization Report No.

18. Distribution Statement

FHWA-SA-14-028

Road Diet Informational Guide

A classic Road Diet converts an existing four-lane undivided roadway segment to a three-lane segment consisting of two

through lanes and a center two-way le? turn lane (TWLTL). A Road Diet improves safety by including a protected le?-turn lane

for mid-block le?-turning motorists, reducing crossing distance for pedestrians, and reducing travel speeds that decrease crash

severity. Additionally, the Road Diet provides an opportunity to allocate excess roadway width to other purposes, including

bicycle lanes, on-street parking, or transit stops. ?is Informational Guide includes safety, operational, and quality of life con-

siderations from research and practice, and guides readers through the decision-making process to determine if Road Diets are

a good ?t for a certain corridor. It also provides design guidance and encourages post-implementation evaluation.Leidos11251 Roger Bacon Drive Reston, VA 20190

Subconsultants: Iowa State University, Sam Schwartz Engineering, University of Utah

Federal Highway Administration

Oce of Safety

1200 New Jersey Avenue SE

Washington, DC 20590Keith Knapp, Brian Chandler, Jennifer Atkinson, ?omas Welch, Heather Rigdon, Richard Retting, Stacey Meekins, Eric Widstrand, and R.J. Porter.

Road Diet, four-lane, undivided, three-lane, two-way-le?- turn-lane, cross section, safety, operations, recon?guration, queuing.No restrictions.

Unclassi?edUnclassi?ed72November 2014

HSA

2. Government Accession No.3. Recipient's Catalog No.

Informational Guide Book

August 2011 to July 2014

Contract No. DTFH61-10-D-00024,

Task Order No. T-12-004

Rebecca Crowe (rebecca.crowe@dot.gov), Oce of Safety Technologies (http://safety.wa.dot.gov/), served as the Techni-

cal Manager for the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). ?e following FHWA sta members contributed as technical

working group members, reviewers and/or provided input or feedback to the project at various stages: Peter Eun, David Morena,

Tamara Redmond, and Je Shaw.

N/A

Acknowledgements

Many State and local agencies made significant contributions to this project. Special thanks to the following:

LocationContributors

ChicagoNathan Roseberry, T.Y. Lin International

Des Moines, IA

Mark Parrington, Snyder and Associates

Jennifer Bohac and Mike Ring, City of Des Moines, Iowa

New Hampton, IA

David Little, Iowa DOT

City of New Hampton Police Department

Manchester, IA

Tim Vick, City of Manchester

Ryan Wicks, TeKippe Engineering

Waterloo, IA

Eric Thorson and Dennis Gentz, City of Waterloo

Las Vegas, Nevada

OC White, City of Las Vegas

Los Angeles, CA

Tim Fremaux and Pauline Chan, LADOT Bike Group

Pasadena, CA

Mike Bagheri, Pasadena DOT

Santa Monica, CA

Sam Morrissey, City of Santa Monica

Grand Rapids, MI

Genesee County, MI

Lansing, MIDave Morena and Andrea Dewey, FHWATracie Leix and Mike Premo, Michigan DOTChristopher Zull, City of Grand RapidsCarissa McQuiston, Michigan DOTDerek Bradshaw and Jason Nordberg, Genesee County Metropolitan Planning CommissionKen Johnson, Genesee County Road CommissionJill Bauer, City of FlintTom Svrcek, City of Swartz CreekAndy Kilpatrick, City of Lansing

New York City

Ryan Russo, New York City DOT

Ann Marie Doherty, New York City DOT

Seattle, Washington

Dongho Chang and Brian Dougherty, City of Seattle

Reston and Dunn Loring

Randy Dittberner, Virginia DOT

Cover Photo Credits

Left: Randy Dittberner, Virginia Department of Transportation

Upper Right: City of Seattle

Lower Right: Virginia Department of Transportation ii

Table of Contents

Executive Summary ........................................................................ .................................1 1

Introduction

1 .1. W hat is a Road Diet? ...3 1 .2 H istory of Road Diets ..5 1 .2.1 H istory of Road Diet Installations .................5 1 .2.2 H istory of Road Diet Safety Evaluations ...5 1 .3 P urpose and Objectives of the Informational Guide 1 .4 O rganization of the Guide 2 W hy Consider a Road Diet? ..............7 2 .1 B enefits of Road Diets........................................................................ 2 .1.1 I mproved Safety 2 .1.2 O perational Benefits 2 .1.3 P edestrian and Bicyclist Benefits ...............9 2 .1.4 L ivability Benefits 2 .2 S ynergies and Trade-offis........................................................................ 3 R oad Diet Feasibility Determination 3 .1 S afety Factors ...............13 3 .2 C ontext Sensitive Solutions and Complete Streets 3 .3

Operational Factors

...15 3 .3.1 D e Facto Three-Lane Roadway Operation 3. 3.2 Speed ....................15 3 .3.3 L evel of Service (LOS) 3 .3.4 Q uality of Service 3 .3.5 A verage Daily Traffc (ADT) ..........................17 3 .3.6 P eak Hour and Peak Direction ...................1 7 3 .3.7 T urning Volumes and Patterns ....................18 3 .3.8 F requently Stopping and Slow-Moving Vehicles 3 .4 B icycles, Pedestrians, Transit, and Freight Considerations 3 .4.1 B icycle Considerations ........................................................................ ....................................19 3 .4.2 P edestrian Considerations ...........................20 3 .4.3 T ransit Considerations .....................................20 3 .4.4 F reight Considerations ...................................21 iii

Road Diet Informational Guide

3. 5 Ot her Feasibility Determination Factors ........................................................................

............22 3 .5.1 R ight-of-Way Availability and Cost ............22 3 .5.2 P arallel Roadways 3 .5.3 P arallel Parking 3 .5.4 A t-Grade Railroad Crossings ..........................23 3 .5.5 P ublic Outreach, Public Relations, and Political Considerations ....................23 3 .6 C ase Studies: Feasibility Determination Decision-making 3 .7 F unding Road Diets ...28 4 D esigning a Road Diet ...................29 4 .1 G eometric Design ......29 4 .1.1 R oad Function and Context ..........................29 4 .1.2 D esign Controls 4 .1.3 E lements of Design 4 .1.4 C ross Sectional Elements ................................33 4 .1.5 I ntersection Design 4 .2

Operational Design

...40 4 .2.1 C ross-Section Allocation 40
4. 2.2 C rossing Pedestrians 4 .2.3 I ntersection Control Changes ......................41 4 .2.4 P avement Marking and Signing .................42 4 .2.5 I ntersection Design Elements ......................42 5 D etermining if the Road Diet is Efiective 5 .1 S afety Analysis of a Road Diet ....................................45 5 .1.1 D ata Needs ........45 5 .1.2 O bservational Before-and-After Studies of Road Diets 46
5 .1.3 S urrogate Measures of Safety for Road Diets 5 .2

Operational Analysis

48
5 .2.1 A nalyzing Vehicle Operations 48
5 .2.2 N on-Motorized Operations ...........................49 5 .2.3 T ools and Methods to Evaluate Impacts 6

Conclusion

Appendix A - Road Diet Safety Assessment Studies

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