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Two classical theorems on commuting matrices

AM= MA Then either M = ° or M is nonsingular Furthermore if A = A (so that M commutes with each element of ~l) then M is scalar :l PROOF Suppose that the rank of M is r, and write (II" M = P ° where P, Q are nonsingular and II' is the r X r identity matrix Then for each AE~l, (2) (II' (P-IAP) ° ° 0) _ (QAQ-I) Put (All P-IAP= A~I



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6 La matrice triangulaire A admet deux valeurs propres r´eelles 1 et −1 : elle est diagonalisable a) Si M ∈ R, alors AM = M3 = MA et M ∈ C Par la question pr´ec´edente, M est donc de la forme αI + βA b) Comme A2 = I, on a (αI +βA)2 = (α2 +β2)I +2αβA et cette matrice vaut A lorsque α2 + β2 = 0 et 2αβ = 1, on a donc β



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(c)Montrer qu’il existe une base B de R3 dans laquelle la matrice de u est égale à 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 (d)Déterminer les endomorphismes qui commutent avec u 6 / Montrer que 0 0 0 1 1 −1 2 2 −2 est semblable à −1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 / Montrer qu’une matrice A ∈M n(K) est semblable à la matrice dont



Rank of Matrix by Determinant

Example 1 Find the Rank of Matrix using Determinant ????= 1 2 3 2 4 7 3 6 10 ????=140−42−220−21+312−12 =1−2−2−1+30



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ij] is row (column) equivalent to a unique ma-trix in reduced (column) row echelon form The uniqueness proof is involved, see Ho man and Kunze, Linear Algebra, 2nd ed Note: the row echelon form of a matrix is not unique Why? Theorem 2 3 Let Ax= band Cx= dbe two linear systems, each of mequations in nunknowns If



Rank of Matrix by Normal Form - WordPresscom

R3 R3 –R2, ????≅ 1 0 0 2 0 0 3 1 0 C2 C2-2C1, ????≅ 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 As, Normal Form of given matrix A is having Identity Matrix of Order 2 rank (A)= r(A) = 2 ????≅ 1



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Ch 6: Eigenvalues 6 4 Hermitian Matrices We consider matrices with complex entries (a i;j 2C) versus real entries (a i;j 2R) 1 in R the length of a real number xis jxj= the length from the origin to the number



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Table of Contents 1 Introduction 2 Matrix Multiplication 1 3 Matrix Multiplication 2 4 The Identity Matrix 5 Quiz on Matrix Multiplication Solutions to Exercises

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Rank of Matrix

by

Normal Form

Normal Form of Matrix

Matrix Not in Normal Form

Rank of the Matrix = r(A)

Rank of a Matrix is order of Identity matrix in Normal form of it. Example 1 Find the Rank of Matrix after reducing it to Normal Form.

R2 R2-2R1,؆ܣ

R3 R3-3R1,؆ܣ

R3 R3-R2,؆ܣ

C2 C2-2C1,؆ܣ

As, Normal Form of given matrix A is having Identity Matrix of Order 2 rank (A)= r(A) = 2

C1 C2,

C3C3-3C1,

Example 2 Find the Rank of Matrix after reducing it to Normal Form.

R1 R3,

R2 R2-3R1,

R3 R3-2R1,؆ܣ

R3 R2,

R2 (-1)R2,

R3 R3+ 6R2,؆ܣ

R1 R1-R2,

R3 R3/28,؆ܣ

C4 C4-4C1,C3 C3+ 4C1,

C4 C4+ 2C2,C3 C3-5C2,

C4 C4+ (4/7)C3,

Example 3 Find the Rank of Matrix

after reducing it to Normal Form.

R2 R2-2R1,

R3 R3-3R1,

R4 R4-6R1,

R2 R2-R3,؆ܣ

R1 R1+ R2,

R3 R3-4R2,

R4 R4-9R2,

R4 R4-2R3,؆ܣ

R3 R3/33,؆ܣ

C4 C4+ 7C1,C3 C3+ 8C1,

C4 C4+ 3C2,C3 C3+6C2,

C4 C4-(2/3)C3,

As, Normal Form of given matrix A is having Identity Matrix of Order 3 rank (A)= r(A) = 3 Example 4Find the Rank of Matrix after reducing it to Normal Form.

R1 R2,؆ܣ

R2 R2-3R1,؆ܣ

R3 R3-5R1,؆ܣ

R3 R3+ 2R2,؆ܣ

R2 R2/(-1),

R1 R1-R2,؆ܣ

Example 5 Find the Rank of Matrix after reducing it to Normal Form.

R2 R2-R1,؆ܣ

R3 R3-3R1,؆ܣ

R3 R3-R2,؆ܣ

R2 R2/(-2),؆ܣ

R3 R3/-3,؆ܣ

R1 R1-R2,

R1 R1-(3/2)R3,

R2 R2+ (1/2) R3,؆ܣ

Next Lecture : Rank of Matrix

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