The impact of technology on the quality and quantity of jobs
the impact of new automation technologies on workers (see Issue Brief No 7) In the aggregate, technological change does not seem to have led to a significant increase in joblessness (Atkinson and Wu, 2017) Global employment continues to expand in line with the labour force, bringing global unemployment rates down to 5 6 per cent (ILO, 2018)
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EIIP Technical Brief
technologies are used in the project cycle, in order to collect, process and use the employment and infrastructure-related data This note introduces the EIIP’s experiences with several concrete examples from different countries in leveraging digital technologies to deliver results more effectively and efficiently
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THIS OPINION IS A PRECEDENT OF THE TTAB
In re Iolo Technologies, LLC _____ Serial No 77399654 _____ Doyle B Johnson of Reed Smith LLP, for Iolo Technologies, LLC Karen P Severson, Trademark Examining Attorney, Law Office 117 (Brett Golden, Managing Attorney) _____ Before Holtzman, Cataldo, and Ritchie, Administrative Trademark Judges Opinion by Ritchie, Administrative Trademark
The Digitization of TVET and Skills Systems
This publication was produced by the Document and Publications Productions Printing en Distribution Branch (PRODOC) of the ILO Graphic and typographic design, manuscript preparation, copy editing, layout
Technology and Innovation Report 2021
A 2021 iii CA AVES Innovation with eit NOTE Within the UNCTAD Division on Technology and Logistics, the STI Policy Section carries out policy-oriented analytical work on the impact of innovation and new and emerging technologies on sustainable
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Global Commission on
The impact
of technology on the quality and quantity of jobs Cluster 3: Technology for social, environmental and economic developmentPrepared for the
2nd Meeting of the Global Commission on the Future of Work
15-17 February 2018
6 The establishment of the Global Commission on the Future of Work in August 2017 marked the start of the second phase of ILO's Future of Work Centenary initiative. The six thematic clusters provide a basis for further deliberations of the Global Commission. They focus on the main issues that need to be considered if the future of work is to be one that provides security, equality and prosperity. A series of Issue Briefs are prepared under each of the proposed clusters. These are intended to stimulate discussion on a select number of issues under the different themes. The thematic clusters are not necessarily related to the structure of the final report. Cluster 1: The role of work for individuals and societyCluster 2:
Bringing an end to pervasive global women"s inequality in the workplaceCluster 3:
Technology for social, environmental and economic development Cluster 4: Managing change during every phase of education Cluster 5: New approaches to growth and developmentCluster 6: The future governance of work
List of Issue Briefs
1Technology and jobs
2Sharing technological dividends
3 8090
100
110
120
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
19841988199219962000 2004 20082012Computer storage costs fell dramatically...
...as did job destruction... ...but inequality increased!Job destruction - Income inequality
(index, 2000=100)Storage costs: US$ per GB (logarithmic scale) Figure 1: Inequality increased as digitalization costs declined in line with job destruction rates Note: Job destruction rate is a weighted average of Australia, Belgium, Canada , Denmark, France,Greece, Ireland, Italy, Japan,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Sweden, United Kingdom and United States Source: ILO, Labour Flows database, 2013; OECD, Labour Force Statistics; Muehlha user, L. 2014.Note: Job destruction rate is a weighted average of Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Japan,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Sweden, United Kingdom and United States. Sources: ILO, Labour Flows database, 2013; OECD, Labour Force Statistics; Muehlhauser, 2014. Our baseline projection suggests that there is a risk of further job polarization in the years to come (see -gure 2). As jobs are being destroyed in manufacturing and parts of services sectors, employment in both low- and high-skilled occupations has risen. Studies on robotization show that displacement is high for routine tasks (i.e. tasks that can easily be translated into software-driven robots), including in many services sectors where digitalization and arti-cial intelligence have come to play a bigger role. In the absence of effective transition policies, including adequate opportunities to acquire new relevant skills (see Issue Brief No. 8), many of those who are at risk of job loss may be forced to accept lower-skilled and lower-paying jobs, thus putting further pressure on wages in the low-wage sector (Dauth et al., 2017). Indeed, a majority of middle- skilled routine task jobs that were associated with standard employment contracts with regular working hours have been replaced by non-standard forms of employment in both non-routine cognitive and manual task jobs (OECD, 2015). 48-6-4-202468
Note: Change in employment shares, in percentage points; *: forecasts af ter 2016 Source: ILO Trends Econometric Models, November 2016Change in employment shares
(in percentage points)Level of economic development
Figure 2: Job polarization around the globe
High skilledMedium skilledLow skilledHigh skilledMedium skilledLow skilledHigh skilledMedium skilledLow skilledHigh skilledMedium skilledLow skilled
201321*
2000
13 Low incomeLow middle incomeUpper middle incomeHigh income Notes: Change in employment shares, in percentage points. * Forecasts after 2016. Source: ILO Trends Econometric Models, November 2016. Technological dividends are being unevenly distributed between firms. A small group of firms are taking advantage of new technology ("frontier firms"), while many others are being left behind. In addition, entrepreneurs and micro-, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) may face challenges with technology adoption. The gaps between frontier firms and the rest are large and growing in many countries (OECD, 2017). This phenomenon has been accompanied by the rise of highly concentrated product and services markets in which a very limited number of "superstar" firms tend to dominate, as mentioned earlier with respect to "big data" (Autor et al., 2017). Not surprisingly, the rise of such market power is associated with falling labour income share.