[PDF] ERM Component: Information and Communication

A INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

Information Communication Technology (ICT) is a term that describes types of technology that are used specifically for communications It is like Information Technology, but ICT focuses more on technologies that deal with communication, like cell phones, the Internet and wireless networks, things (Young, 2012)

Introduction to Information and Communication Technology in

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is a major challenge to our educational system This book is designed for use by PreK-12 preservice and inservice teachers, and by teachers of these teachers It provides a brief overview of some of the key topics in the field of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education

ERM Component: Information and Communication

The fourth component of the framework is Information and Communication Information and Communication is vital for an entity to achieve its obj ectives Entity management needs access to relevant and reliable information related to internal as well as external events Information and Communication has three principles, and to help mana gement

2 Information and Communications Technology (ICT)

through information or communication programs using a range of ICTs 4 Reduce child mortality 5 Improve maternal health 6 Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases Reduce infant and child mortality rates by two-thirds between 1990 and 2015 Reduce maternal mortality rates by three-quarters between 1990 and 2015 Provide access to all who need

Information, Communication & Society CRITICAL QUESTIONS FOR

Information, Communication & Society Vol 15, No 5, June 2012, pp 662–679 ISSN 1369-118X print/ISSN 1468-4462 online # 2012 Microsoft

Information and communication technologies for development

2 Information and communication technologies for development 2 New ways of using IT technologies and communication systems are transforming lives across the world There had been concerns that the digital divide was accelerating the global class structure, creating wider gaps between the haves and have-nots If this was the case 10 years ago,

NOTES Information Communication Technology (ICT)

Information can be easily accessed 6 Features of table, query, form and report Table – stores a collection of information about specific topic Query –request for a specific data from a database Software and Data Security Form – interface to enter information Report – summary of information from the database 5 10 Cyber law acts in

NOTES Information And Communication Technology (ICT)

Faster communication speed Lower communication cost Reliable mode of communication Effective sharing of information Paperless environment orderless communication 6 Negative impact of IT on the 2 negative impacts : Social problems Health problems 7 Definitions omputer Ethics omputer ethics is a system of moral standards or values used as a

Communication: The Process, Barriers, And Improving Effectiveness

Communication is the process of transmitting information and common understanding from one person to another In this article, I discuss the communication process, barriers to communication, and improving communication effectiveness _____ The study of communication is important, because every administrative function

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ERM Component: Information & Communication

Page 1

Overview:

Successful Enterprise Risk Management (ERM)

incorporates the principles of internal controls as defined by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) and the U.S.

Government Accountability Office (GAO) federal internal control standards. The underlying premise is

management requires access to quality information to maintain its internal control system and reach its organizational objectives. Quality information is both relevant and reliable.

To achieve the

organizations' goals, the necessary quality information should be communicated both internally and externally. The fourth component of the framework is Information and Communication.

Information and Communication

is vital for an entity to achieve its objectives. Entity management needs access to relevant and reliable information related to internal as well as external events. Information and Communication has three principles, and to help management and the oversight body achieve each principle, there are attributes pertaining to each of the three principles.

Principle 13- Use Quality Information:

"Management should use quality information to achieve the entity's objectives."

Attributes:

Identification of information requirements

Relevant data from reliable sources

Data processed into quality information

Identification of Information Requirements:

Management must consider their objectives and related risks to identify the information required to achieve the organization's objectives. Because each organization's objectives and needs vary, management will need to customize their approach for identification and gathering of relevant information used to make those management decisions. Management define the identified information requirements at the relevant level and requisite

specificity for appropriate personnel. The process should also be flexible to changes in the organization,

its objectives, and its risk.

Relevant Data from Reliable Sources:

Management

must institute a process that obtains relevant data from reliable internal and external sources in a timely manner. The process should be repeatable and ongoing. The relevance of data is based on its logical connection with the information requirements. Not all data is relevant to

ERM Component: Information & Communication

Page 2

management"s decision-making process. Not all data will have a real impact on the achievement of the

organizations" goals.

Management must ensure that internal and external sources provide reliable data. That is, data that is

reasonably free from error and bias. Management should continually evaluate both internal and external data for reliability.

Management must obtain data on a timely basis so that can be useful and effective for decision-making

and monitoring purposes.

Examples of Information

Sources:

Internal

Operations Committee Minutes

Personnel Time Reports

Production/Quality Reports

External

Industry Research Reports

Responses to Customer Surveys

Trade Shows

Data Processed into Quality Information

Management's processes for gathering data should provide quality information that supports the internal control system. Management must ascertain that the information is complete, accurate, accessible, and current to ensure that it is quality information. Management's information system includes not only the data, but the people, processes, and technology that management utilizes to obtain and communicate information.

Quality information is only beneficial when management uses it to make informed decisions, to address

risks, and to evaluate the organization's performance in achieving key objectives.

Examples of Quality Information Criteria:

Accessible Relevant Timely

Accurate Secure Valid

Current Sufficient Verifiable

Principle 14

-Communicate Internally: "Management should internally communicate the necessary quality information to achieve the entity's objectives."

Attributes:

Communication throughout the entity

Appropriate methods of communication

ERM Component: Information & Communication

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Communication throughout the Entity:

Management should communicate quality information using established reporting lines throughout the entity. Timely communication of quality information enables personnel to perform effectively toward

achieving objectives, addressing risks, and supporting the internal control system. Management should

assign responsibilities for internal controls to key personnel. Management should collect quality information about the organization's operational processes from personnel to assist in achieving the objectives.

An oversight

body should be established to receive quality information that flows up the reporting lines from management and personnel. This includes significant information about compliance with the internal control system and enables the effective oversight of internal control. Separate reporting options for communication, such as whistleblower and ethics hotlines, should be established and may be required by policy or law. Several factors should be considered in selecting an appropriate method of communication. Some factors to consider are:

Audience - intended recipients

Purpose and type of information

Availability of information when needed

Cost of distribution

Legal or regulatory requirements

Management should also select the most appropriate method(s) of communicating based on the consideration of those factors. Information may take the form of hard copy documents, electronic format, or face-to-face meetings.

Examples of Effective Communication Methods:

Emails and memos Policies and procedures

Live and online training Newsletters

Website postings Performance evaluations

Management should periodically reevaluate the timeliness of communication for optimal effectiveness.

Examples of

Effective Communication for Internal Controls:

Defined policies and procedures

Specific goals and objectives for desired outcomes Benefits and importance of effective Internal Controls Defined roles and responsibilities of management as well as staff

Clear expectations for

performance behaviors

Clear channels of communication

ERM Component: Information & Communication

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Communication flowing down, up, and throughout the organization

Receptive and responsive management

Principle 15 -Communicate Externally:

"Management should externally communicate the necessary quality information to achieve the entity's objectives."

Attributes:

Communication with external parties

Appropriate methods of communication

Communication with External Parties:

Management should institute two-way communication with external sources to obtain, distribute and gather quality information. These sources may include:

Customer

Supplier

Contractor

Service organization

Regulator and external auditor

Other government entities

The public at large

Communication exchanges should

provide information externally that will assist the agency with achieving its objectives. Quality information should enable management to more efficiently and effectively establish internal controls and reduce risks.

Management receives information thr

ough reporting lines from external parties.

Management should

evaluate external information received against the characteristics of quality information and information processing objectives in order to take any necessary actions to ensure the information is quality information.

As with internal communications, separate reporting lines of communication, such as whistleblower and

ethics hotlines, should be established and may be required by policy or law.

Management must inform

external parties of the purpose of these separate reporting options, how they operate, how they are to

be used, and how the information will remain confidential.

Appropriate Methods of Communication:

Management should determine the most appropriate means of communication with external sources. Just as with internal communication, the factors for consideration should include:

Audience - intended recipients

Purpose and type of information

Availability of information when needed

ERM Component: Information & Communication

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Cost of distribution

Legal or regulatory requirements

Management should also select the most appropriate method(s) of communicating based on the consideration of those factors. Information may take the form of hard copy documents, electronic format, or face-to-face meetings. Examples of Effective External Communication Methods:

Inbound Outbound

Customer Service Trade shows and conferences

Customer Surveys Onsite Visits/Interviews

Customer Complaints Website postings

Whistleblower/Hotline Calls Webinars

Management should

perform periodic reevaluation of communication methods to determine that the agency uses the best tools to provide the best information on a timely basis. These three principles of Information and Communication of the COSO Internal Control Framework are key in understanding how quantified/qualified data can be transformed into information that can assist management and internal parties with the formulation of goals and strategies to accomplish the

objectives of the entity. Those objectives can then be communicated to the external parties, i.e. the

board of director s and executive management communicating company objectives and results to shareholders through the annual proxy statements.quotesdbs_dbs12.pdfusesText_18