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NOTES
Information
And
Communication
Technology
(ICT)
Chapter 1 : ICT and Society
Chapter 2 : Computer Systems
Chapter 3 : Computer Networks and Communications
Chapter 4 : Multimedia
Chapter 5 : Programming
Chapter 6 : Information Systems
"-" ͳ ǣ 4 3...-
2. ICT In Eǀeryday
Life Teachers use computers to research for teaching materials, forums and conferences. Students use the computers as a reference tool to look for infor- by banks. Workers use machines that are connected to computers to operate. gerous to the workers. Customers use computers to be connected online with suppliers to purchase products. Architecture, Arts, Career, Goǀernment, Healthcare, Home, Law En-
3. Diīerences
between com- puterized and non- computerized systems
Banking was done manually
by taking deposits directly during working hours eǀerything was done manually and totally depended on hu- man labour.
Trading was made using the
barter system and it was then later deǀeloped into currency. of word of mouth, billboards and printed Ňyers.
Trading globally was edžtremely
slow, late and edžpensiǀe. Trad- ers had to Įnd ways to market local products in the global market. computers
Online serǀices, phone bank-
ing system, credit cards are aǀailable
Computers and telecommuni-
popular and proĮtable since
E-commerce plays an im-
portant role in the economic buying, selling and serǀicing products that are done elec- tronically.
4. Computer
Huge, slow, edžpensiǀe, unreliable
Presper Eckert Θ William Maunchly built ENIAC (ǀacuum tube) Uses transistors which were smaller than ǀacuum tubes, generate less heat, faster Θ more reliable
IBM 370 series - 1964.
CDC 7600 and B2500
Integrated circuit begins
Use silicon chips -reliable, compact, cheaper
Hardware and soŌware sold separately
First 256 bit RAM were introduced and was the basis for deǀelopment of 1K bit RAM computer), Bill Gates, Michael Dell Silicone chips, microprocessor, storage deǀices were inǀented
Gain in speed, reliability and storage capacity
Personal and soŌware industry bloomed
New hardware technology was introduce͗ Silicone chips, Pro-
Programs which translate languages
used for Įltering records from a database table. used for Įnding record from a database table.
8. Phases of
System
Deǀelopment
Deǀelopers will perform problem analysis by Įnding out the needs of target users. system. Based on the needs of target users, the system deǀelopers will design Deǀelopers create database using database soŌware. there is any error detected; the system deǀelopers will Įdž the error. Deǀelopers will produce the documents for the program changes when needed.
7. BeneĮts of
using database data. network.
8. Field, record
and Įle are usually shown in columns and it has its own Įeld name at the top. table. Records are arranged in rows. ŝůĞ- a set of data arranged in columns and rows. They are grouped together for a speciĮc purpose.
9. Primary key and
foreign key ble. It may haǀe duplicate ǀalues.
10. Basic
used for changing data in a database Table. used for adding records to a database Table. used for remoǀing records from a database Table. used for retrieǀing records from a database Table. of ICT on the society
Paperless enǀironment
of ICT on the society
Social problems
Health problems
Computer ethics is a system of moral standards or ǀalues used as a guideline for computer users. Intellectual Property refers to works created by inǀentors, authors them.
8. Diīerences
between ethics and law
9. Why ethics and
law in needed͍ inǀading other's priǀacy without permission
10. Intellectual
Property
images (represent products, goods or serǀices) sounds recording and road casts
As a guideline to computer
users.
As a rule to control computer
users.
Ethical behaǀiour is judged by
moral standards.
Law is judged by judicial
standards.
Computer users are free to
follow or ignore the code of ethics.
Computer users must follow
No punishment for anyone
who ǀiolates ethics. other punishments for those who break the law.
Uniǀersal, can be applied any-
where, all oǀer the world.
Depends on country and state
To produce ethical computer
users.
To preǀent misuse of comput-
ers.
Not honouring computer eth-
ics means ignoring the moral elements (immoral).
Not honouring the law means
plan strategies. It is also used to forecast future trends. the user.
5. Hierarchy of
Data and 0). unit of data consist of one or more characters. Edžample͗ Įeld that de-
Name, StudentID, Age
from a database. useful.
2. Usage of
systems - Help students and teachers in online learning and discussion - Store subject content -for Online Learning Portal. - Carry out online buying and selling - Help plan the deliǀery of goods and serǀices - Make room bookings and for checking the best rates - See employee records. - Analyse product, serǀices and product prices track of product inǀentory.
3. Component of
IS
Įgure or sound
keyboard and etc. edžpected outcome.
11. Controǀersial
content behaǀior and is intended to cause sedžual edžcitement
12. Eīects of
controǀersial contents on society children - can deǀelop low moral ǀalue towards other men, women or children - can erode good religious, cultural and social beliefs and behaǀiour - can deǀelop into a society that disregards honesty and truth - can deǀelop bad habit of spreading untruths and rumours - can lead to unnecessary argument person
13. Internet
Įltering
As the page is downloading, the Įlter searches for any of these words. If found, it will block the page completely, stop download- ing the page, block the banned words and eǀen shut down the browser. preǀents access to any sites on this list, proǀides control oǀer and word blocking. Web sites are rated in terms of nudity, sedž, ǀiolence and lan- independent bureau. Browsers set to only accept pages with
14 Methods of
into digital code
Hand geometry scanning
Iris scanning (the area near to the coloured area of the pupil)
When booking the tadži serǀice
15
Methods of
- the act of proǀing or disproǀing the correctness of a system with
2 common methods͗
-show passport, key-in user name Θ password, show edžam slip swipe security card to enter building, police check the driǀer's gramming language. - uses a program deǀelopment tool which generates or proǀides some or all codes. and wrong words in command. set of data. code of computer programs.
6. Control
Structure
control chart usually will return the part of the decision to repeat the
7. Program
deǀelopment phase - reǀiews and deĮnes the problems - generates a top-down design model - writes the pseudo code for the program based on the top-down design model - draws the Ňow chart that shows the data Ňow of the program
Inputͬoutput Process
Decision
Terminator
16. Cyber law acts
in Malaysia especially on the internet all oǀer Malaysia 17.
Computer
Crimes
(mainly monetarily basis) copyright material by black market group 18.
Computer
Security
of data Įles other programs by modifying them occurs to access the program with priǀileges through a network system that they can be recoǀered in case of an emergency puter memory, storage or incoming email Įles. security policies.
200.10)
Value is not changeable during
the course of the program. during the course of the program
Use constant when want to de-
clare something that won't be changed midway in your pro-
Use ǀariable to store data that
may or will change during the running of the program
Įle, it runs faster than interpreter
Edžample͗ COBOL, FORTRAN, C, Cнн
Edžample͗ BASIC, Logo and Smalltalk
machine language. Edžample͗ MACRO-80 Assembler and MicrosoŌ MASM
4. Basic
element program gram
Uses a top down design model Uses object
Programmer diǀides
programming problem into module
Programmer packages the data
object
Translate programming state-
ment line by line and edžecute it immediately
No object code is saǀed
interpreter code run slower statement and edžecute it later
Store machine language as ob-
ject code on the disk
Compiled code run faster
computer system. work with control to stranger.
21. Security
Procedures
Backup Įles
Detect ǀirus and do cleanup
rather than at socket leǀel. thousands of strategic system Įles.
1. Computer
System
2. Computer
Hardware
computer. edžternal to the system.
Ňoppy Disk, RAM, ROM.
3. Computer
SoŌware
Sun StarOĸce Writer
Sun StarOĸce Calc
Sun StarOĸce Impress
Macromedia Freehand, GIMP
package
Processing
Cycle
Input Process Output
Storage
1. Program and
Programming
Program
tasks.
Programming
puter in carrying out a task.
Programming Language
cate with computers. of programming language Edžample͗ PASCAL, FORTRAN, BASIC, COBOL, C, Cнн
Edžample ͗ SYL, NOMAD and FOCUS
graphics interface, allows people to interact with computers without needing any specialised knowledge
Edžample͗ Prolog and Mercury
2. Programming
approaches
Edžample ͗ Ada, Pascal and Fortran
Edžample͗ Smalltalk, Jaǀa, Visual Basic, Cнн using suitable soŌware
9. Screen Design
Principle
computer screen. the concept of grouping a similar or related element
Analysis Problem Statement Θ proposal
Design Flow chart Θ storyboard
Publishing CD
5. Machine cycle
diagram
6. Data
Pronounced as ASK-KEY
Most widely used coding system to represent data
Used mostly in PC and midrange serǀer.
Uses 7 out of 8 bits in the character.
(Edžtended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code)
Pronounced as EB-SEE-DIC
Primarily used in mainframe computers and high-end serǀer Support all the world language including Asian Language
Edžample͗ Chinese, Japanese, Korean
Uses 16 bits instead of the usual 8 bit per character
10. Diīerence
between RAM and ROM Fetch Store
Edžecute
Decode
Stores during and
aŌer processing
Stored by manufactur-
er temporarily nently
Very fast, but uses a
lot of power power
11. Component of
motherboard computer. It haǀe 2 subcomponent that is Control Unit (CU) and card can be inserted into the motherboard. computer's motherboard. peripheral deǀices into which a USB cable is plugged in. Can connect up to 127 diīerent peripherals together with a single connector. faster data transmission speeds. Can daisy-chain connect up to
63 deǀices to one FireWire port.
12. Diīerence
between primary storage and secondary
Storage
System
soŌware Mobility Fidž in the computer Transferable between computer
Capacity Limited capacity Unlimited
Edžamples ROM, RAM Floppy disk, hard disk ,
thumb driǀe, DVD
Price edžpensiǀe cheap
Accessibility Easy , fast, direct Need to be connected to the computer screens learning make system easy to understand team DeĮne the scope of the project and discuss with the client Deǀelop the graphic elements of the program such as back- Write the program code lines or scripts using the authoring tool
Phases
write the problem statement and a proposal. displayed in web browser.
More user friendly
No junk HTML
No HTML knowledge needed
Easy to insert a speciĮc tag
Easy to ǀisualize the design
E.g.͗ MicrosoŌ FrontPage, Macromedia Dreamweaǀer An editor where you work with HTML tags to create a web page.
Less user friendly
No junk HTML
Diĸcult to insert a speciĮc tag
Cannot ǀisualize the design
E.g.͗ Notepad, PSPad
6. User Interface
Principle
User interface is a way a computer program communicates with the person who is using it. all screen in a soŌware program.
Less user friendly More user friendly
No junk HTML Has junk HTML
Diĸcult to insert a speciĮc tag Easy to insert a speciĮc tag Cannot ǀisualize the design Easy to ǀisualize the design system proǀides menus as means of entering commands. proǀides interface by means of clicking icon that represent computer resources.
16. Type of applica-
ate, edit, format and print tedžtual document.
Programs
or storage media or in incoming Įles. lems. to Įles and disk management. sary data from storage. It helps to reduce the size of the Įle.quotesdbs_dbs12.pdfusesText_18
A INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY