[PDF] Alkanes: IUPAC Naming

Nomenclature of alkanes

IUPAC Nomenclature of halo-alkanes • The halogen is a substituent on the alkane and is treated like any other substituent • The halogen is indicated by removing the “ine” ending from the element name and adding “o” o CH3Cl = chloromethane o CH3CHCl2 = 1,1-dichloroethane Ethers: two alkanes linked by an oxygen Common name

Alkanes: IUPAC Naming

Cyclic Alkane Examples Name these cyclic alkanes Cyclic and Straight-Chain Portions? Greater number of carbons takes priority If equal number of carbons, go with the

2: Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

Alkane Nomenclature Rules (2 2A) The following rules illustrate the basic principles for naming simple branched alkanes The names 3-methylhexane and 4-ethyl-3-methyloctane for the alkanes shown here are based on these rules [graphic 2 10] Rule1 The longest continuous chain of C atoms in the branched alkane is the

Practice Problems on Alkane Nomenclature - Answers

Practice Problems on Alkane Nomenclature - Answers 1 CH 3 CH CH 3 CH 2 CH 3 2-methylbutane 2 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 CH 2 CH 3 4-ethylheptane 3 CH 3 CH 2 CH

CHEM 3719 - Organic Nomenclature Alkanes

CHEM 3719 - Organic Nomenclature Alkanes 1 Find the longest continuous carbon chain in the molecule Name the alkane after the “normal” (straight chain) alkane with the same number of carbons The Normal Alkanes Number of carbons Name Formula Number of carbons Name Formula 1 methane CH 4 11 undecane CH 3 (CH 2) 9 CH 3 2 ethane CH 3 CH 3

(Straight-Chain) Alkane Nomenclature Alkane (C H

(Straight-Chain) Alkane Nomenclature Alkane (CnH2n+2) Name Alkyl group Alkyl name methane -CH3 methyl CH3CH3 ethane -CH2CH3 ethyl CH3CH2CH3 propane -CH2CH2CH3 propyl CH3CH2CH2CH3 butane C5H12 pentane C6H14 hexane -CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 hexyl C7H16 heptane C8H18 octane C9H20 nonane C10H22 decane C11H24 undecane C12H26 dodecane

Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes Cycloalkanes, Bicyclics, Alkyl

•The alkane with the same number of total carbons is used as the parent and the prefix bicyclo- is used Bicyclo [2 2 1] heptane •The number of carbons in each bridge is included in the middle of the name in square brackets •For substituents: number the largest ring; the substituent can get a large number Bicyclic Compounds Nomenclature

Worksheet: Naming and Drawing Alkanes

Apr 25, 2012 · SCH 4U0 Name: _____ Unit: Hydrocarbons Date: _____ Worksheet: Alkanes Worksheet: Naming and Drawing Alkanes For each alkane write the correct IUPAC name

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Alkanes: IUPAC

Naming

UCI Chem 51A

Dr. Link

Goals

After this lesson you should be able to

Name alkanes using IUPAC rules

How to Name an Alkane

Organic molecules have logical names (usually)

PrefixParent NameSuffix++substituents

(what & where)

Longest C

chain

Functional

group

Not needed

for alkanes

Naming, Step-by-Step

1. Identify and name the longest

contiguous carbon chain

2. Identify and name substituents

3. Compile full name

Longest C Chain

Identify the longest carbon chain!

Numbering the Chain

Number the chain starting from the end

that gives lowest substituent location numbers.

2 options with same # of C? Choose the one with the least substituents

Substituents

If it's not part of the longest chain, it's a

substituent! alkyl groups-CH 3 methyl-CH 2 CH 3 ethyl

More Substituents

Attach at 1° CAttach at 2° C

Even More Substituents!

Attach at 1° CAttach at 2° CAttach at 1° CAttach at 3° C

Substituent Practice

Identify the longest carbon chain, then

identify substituents.

Compiling the Name

Remember substituents need locations,

too!

Arrange in alphabetical order. Ignore all

prefixes EXCEPT "iso".

Add parent name to the end.

Naming Examples

Name these alkanes.

Naming Cyclic Alkanes

Cyclic portion is parent name

(cyclo____ane)

Number in direction that gives lowest

numbers.

Lowest number goes to highest priority

alphabetically

Cyclic Alkane Examples

Name these cyclic alkanes

Cyclic and Straight-Chain

Portions?

Greater number of carbons takes priority.

If equal number of carbons, go with the

cyclic portion as parent name.

1-cyclobutylhexane1-hexylcyclobutane??

Wrapping Up

Practice naming acyclic and cyclic

alkanes using IUPAC rules.quotesdbs_dbs15.pdfusesText_21