AstraZeneca Canada Inc, AstraZeneca Aktiebolag et
l’objet de l’invention ou de son amélioration qui soit utile Pour déterminer si un brevet divulgue une inven-tion dont l’utilité est suffisante au sens où il faut l’en-tendre pour l’application de l’art 2, les tribunaux doivent d’abord cerner l’objet de l’invention Puis, ils doivent se
DOCUMENT RESUME - ERIC
A great deal of the progress °Utile Unit States has resulted, from inventions made by inventors working independently of any large organization It is l>elieved that such people will make many im-portant inventions in'the future, as they have in the past These in-ventors are often puzzled by such Problems as whether to seek
Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International
(b) L’invention la plus utile du monde Écrivez un article pour votre journal scolaire pour parler d’une invention que vous admirez † Dites quelle invention vous admirez † Dites pourquoi vous trouvez cette invention utile † Dites ce que vous avez fait récemment grâce à cette invention
th è M E : l’ é c o l E l E s i n v E n t i o n s
the opportunity to guess what invention is being described Students can also comment on which invention they prefer and why This all leads to the students’ final project which is to design an invention geared to making school life easier (futur proche) This project is presented orally and students can
GUIDE PRATIQUE DES INVENTEURS - WordPresscom
nouvelle et utile d'une invention existante (Extrait du fascicule de l'opic) 7-Qu'est-ce qu'une marque de commerce Une marque de commerce est un mot, un symbole ou un dessin (ou toute combinaison de ces éléments), servant à distinguer les produits ou services d'une personne ou d'un organisme de ceux d'un tiers sur le marché
HAÏTI : LOI SUR LES ETRANGERS - Refworld
distinguées, introduit une industrie, un métier, un art ou une invention utile, crée un établissement industriel ou agricole Article 7 - L’étranger qui aura accepté une fonction civile ou militaire et l’aura conservé pendant cinq (5) ans,
# LA NATURE ET LA POLLUTION
expliquant en quoi ton invention serait utile à l’homme 4 Abracadabra On modifie des gènes de plantes pour fabriquer des plantes qui produiront du plastique On modifie les gènes du maïs pour que, quand le maïs pousse, il fabrique à l’intérieur de lui-même un poison qui empêche les insectes de le manger
La naissance de l écriture ce2
Antiquité: de l’invention de l’écriture aux premiers livres du Moyen Age: des moines imitateurs à l’invention de l’impression moderne: de l’impression industrielle aux livres numériques - On n’est pas un sorcier Toujours utile - Un petit exemple produit dans la classe mesenfantsautop son premier anniversaire cet automne
European Convention on Human Rights
European Convention on Human Rights as amended by Protocols Nos 11 and 14 supplemented by Protocols Nos 1, 4, 6, 7, 12, 13 and 16
[PDF] naissance de l'écriture ce2
[PDF] lutin bazar antiquité
[PDF] position relative droite
[PDF] symbole mathématique appartient
[PDF] signe mathématique plus grand que
[PDF] table des symboles mathématiques définition
[PDF] symbole mathématique clavier
[PDF] symboles mathématiques word
[PDF] les symboles mathématiques et leur signification pdf
[PDF] moins devant une parenthèse
[PDF] signe négatif
[PDF] composition d'une guitare électrique
[PDF] fonctionnement de la guitare électrique
[PDF] micro guitare electrique fonctionnement
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ABSTRACT
,7DOCUMENT RESUME 'SE 023 4721Patents & Inventions: An Information Aid for
Inventors. Revised Edition.
Patent Office (DOC), Washington, D.C.
Aug 77
26T.Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
Office, Washington, D.C. 204.02 (Stock Number
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MF -$0.83 HC-$2.06 Plus Postage.
*Distributive Education; *FedeN1 Legislation; *Instructional tiaterials; *Inventions; Marketing; *Patents; *Technology This pamphlet explains'what a patent is, discusses, the importance of patents, and gives basic steps to take in obtaining a patent. A section' on marketing and developing inventions is also included along with answers to questions frequently asked concerning patents and inventions. (MN) 0. a *******************************.*************** ******************1**** *Documents acquired by ERIC include manynforial unpublisled.*'*,materials not available from ether sources.RIC makes every,effort'** to obtain the best copy available. Neverthel: ss, items Of marginal
* reproducibility are often encountered sand th S affects the quality*'-of the microfiche and ffardcopy reproductionERIC makes available*.* via the ERIC Document Reproduction ServiceDRS). EDRS is not
* responsible for .the 'quality of the original document. Reprodubtions * *- supplied by EDRS a/eAjLhe best that can be made from the original,. 4 CD %.0C°Patents & Inventions: An InformationAid-4-
ttONS ":' FOR INVEiU S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
EDUCATION & WELFARE
NATIONAL 14STITUTE OF
EDUCATION
' H.5 DOC JME N6THAS BEEN REPRO-DUCED ExACTL Y AS RECEIVED FROMTHE PERSON OR ORGANIZAT ION OR IGIN-AT,N,C, cT POINTS OF VIEW OR,OPiNtONSS`AED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRE-
SENT 0, c- ,CiAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF
FOL,CA T ON POSITION OR POLICYFor background information,.segGENERAL INFORMATION
CONCERNING PATENTS
4 -tU.S. DEPARTMENT
OF COMMERCE
d ...Juanita M. KrepsSecretary
`72PATENT AND
TRADEMARK OFFICE
C. Marshall Dann
Commissioner
Revised August 1977
0Content's
PageINTRODUCTION1
THE IMPORTANCE OF PATENTS
1 'THE INDEPENDENT INVENTOR 2SUMMARY bf BASIC STEPS :
First Step Make Certain It Is Practical
.......3Second StepWitnesse,s, Records and Diligence3Third Step The Search,4Fourth StepStudying Patents Found in the Search
.6 \Si.rthStep Preparing the Patent Application7.i.rth Step Patent and Trademark Office Prosecution9MARKETING AND DEVELOPING THE INVENTION
..11ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS FREQUENTLY ASKED
13 THE PURPOSE of this pamphlet is to help inventors decide whether to apply for patents, obtain patent protection and promott their inventions.For more detailed information see:
General Information Concerning Patents,' 75 cents.37 Code ofFederal Regulations,72.20.0Patent Laws, $2.10.Attorneys and Agents Registered to ptactice 'Before the-U.S. Patent andTrademark Office, $3-70f.
Fol.-Sale by the Supelintendent of Documents, U.S. Govertiment Printing OfficeWashington, D.C. 20402Stock Number 0304-00511
GPCi LIBRARY CATALOG NO. C21.2 .P27/10/968
LIBRARY- OF CONGRESS CATALOG NO.
64-65511/
4 3 zo6Introduction
What Is a Patent?
A patent is a grant:by the United States to
an inverfior of the right'to exclude others for a limited time from making, using,or sellinghis invention in this country. It isa printed document in which theinvention isdisclosed and the rights of the inventorare defined.When tui inventor secures,a patent lie has the opportunityto profitby Manufacture. sale.oruse of the invention in a protected marketor,,,by charging others for makingor using it. Rights for patents
granted for invention of new and useful processes; machines,intim-factures. compositions- of matteror plants, run for.17 years fromthe date when the patentgranted: _1 patent for a nek-original and,ornamental design forarticle of'manufacture may run- for 31/2, 7,or 14 years, as desired by the patentee.
The' Importance of Patents
It is natural to ask why the .691"-ernment makes this offer of pro- section under the patent,law. 'rite answer is in the Constitution itself, which provides that Congress may secure this right to inventors order to.promote the progress of the useful arts. The public benefits from this system for three reasons: First, by offering patent protection, it encourages the inventor to / make the' inf;ention.1Second, if the inventor succeeds with the help of the patent in developin4aud marketing the invention, the ,public is ,given the op-portunity to use it. Third, since the inventor must describe the invention.in the patent, and copies of the patent may be pNrchased by the public for 50 cents each. the knowledge of the inventios made available to everyone. If it were not`for the patent law many inventors would-be unable to develop their inventions and would abandon their ideas instead -of going forward srq them, and many others would keep them se-cret as long as they could, in-stead of publishing therm in patents which,stimulate others to make still further inventions. C. 0eThe lndepencleiJinventor
A great deal of the progress °Utile Unit
States has resulted, frominventions made by inventors working independently ofany largeorganization. It is l>elieved that such people will makemany im-
portant inventions in'the future, as they have in the past. These in-ventors are often puzzled by such Problems as whether to seek
patentprotection and what steps to take to obtain,thp benefit of the patent law. In the following discussion we will therefore assume that you halve thade an invention and that you. need a practical guide to help you solve these problems. --tou should seek professional adviceat a vetly early stage in conknection with any invention. and this pamphlet is provided asan out-line of the basic facts you should know in cooperating withyourpatent practitioner:1 It cannot p ssibly serve as a tiubstittite for the
detailed professional advice youill need in relation to your particu-lar problems.Summary of Basic Steps'
The questions ufipe'rmost in the minds of most inventors are these:1. Should I try to obtain a patent? .2. If I decide t,o try to 'obtain a patent, what steps cantake, to,secure the best possible patent trotection?3.' What steps can I take to
'reprovemy chhnces Of developing andmarketing my invention successfully?Itimportant that you realize there .is no way to getassurancein'advance that yoube glinted a patent, or that you will be able
to profit if you ybtain one. However, you may'improve your chances greatly by following the suggestions made ih this pamphlet- if yourinvention is useful and new. if on the' other hand the features youconsider important are not new or are not usefal, these suggestions will help you,to discover this early enough' to 0(141 needless expense. "rile steps you should take are these: .1. Study yoinvention, in relation to other available ways of doing the job,cl decide whether the invention provides advantages that make it sa ble. The word "practitioner" is used in this partiphlet to refer to persons who area reglatem] to practice in the Patent and ;Trademark Office by preparing and pro.ecuting patentapplications, regardless of whether these persons are patent attorneysall except a fewof whom 'are lawyers) or patent agents (nonlawyers).
2 42. Get a trustworthy friend to sign
his name as witness ona dateddrawing or description of the invention,'find-keep careful recordsof the steps you tak4' and their,dates.Note also, Disclosure DocumentProgram Offered by the Patentand Trademark Office: Page.4.Make a search to find themost closely related prior patents.Thig'scan'be done foryou by any patent practitioner.
4: Compare' the patents found. in thesearch with your invention.Your dec,ision whether toseepatent protection should be basedon.ybur own comparison of these
1tents with the features of ygur in-vention which you believe tonew and valuable, and on the adviceof yourpractitioner.
5. If you find that your trivition includes valuable features notshown in the patents found in tlsearch. instruct your practitionerto prepare an application for patentand to.file it in the Patent andTrademark Office. Help himprepare 'a good application by giving,him all the useful informationyou can provide.
6. Keep in close tooth with the 114.og,r9ssof your application in thePatent and TraIlemark Office. Tellyour practitioner promptly of any-changes you may make inyour invention 1,1\4 of the steps. you taketo-develop and market it. Study thepatents which the Patent andTradentti'rk OffiCemay cite against your applicatiAin. Help yourprat-titioner to overcome rejections by pointingout in what way, your in-vention differs from those describechinearlier patents.Each of these points Is explained insome detail in the followingsections.,
STEP.FIRST STEP.
44,Make Certain It is Practical
Many persons believe they
can profit froT their inventions merelyby patenting them: This isa mistake. Yo one lean profit froni apatent unless it covers some feature °which ptovidesan improvementfor which people are willing .topay. You 'shou171,therefore tip tomake sure that your invention will Pro6de thiskind of \advantagebefore you spend money in trying topatent it.
SECOND- STEP
Witnesses, Records and Diligencet
Importance of
nesses.It May become important fou:you later to ke, able to prove_ih "date when you first conceived the idea ofyour 3I 0 ,"invention. If )'du made, a written tlescript)on or 'drawings. or built and tested it, Yuri may also need to. prove these facts and dates, andyour diligence in completing and testingiit. You will not be able toprove any of these things to the satifactioil of the Patent and
Trademark Office or*a IThited States court unless Iotr own testimony .is supported by 'one Or more utilei persons who have knowledge of `these facts from first-hand observation. so that at least, one other per Am can testify. in your liehitlf as your corroborating witness.Make and ,Keep Good Records.
You should prepare a record
in the foini Of a s4etch or diawing or \\ I then description promptly of ,r you frt4 get t 'idea ofour invention, and ask one or more of your trustwoithy friends to read and understand and sign ar0 date thisNiti:sses. You ,,should also keep a (:areftill< daftd rec- ord of utile' stepsnu take in woi k,ing on the mventio4. and get oneor more frienols to witness ,these steps and sign their names as wit-.nesses to \u r records. You should keep correspondence about the
invention. sales slips of mattrials you buy for use in working on it, and any models or drawings. so that these will be on.hand if needed to help you proye the facts and dates of the steps you have taken.Letter to Yourself Will Not Peotect,You.
Many persons believe
that they ein Vrotect, their inventions against later inventors merely by mailing to theinsek es a registered letter describing the invention. This is not true. your priority right against anyom; else who makes the sainc inventiOn- independently cannot be sustained except by testimony of sOmeone else who corrobotates your own testimony as to all important facts. such as conception of the invention, diligence, and the success,of any tests you may have made. It is therefore im- poitant that some trustworthy friend witness these things. The in- vention will not be full protected' until patented. ,DisclosUre Document Program.The Patent and Tradenuirk Of- fice pro\ Ides a sell tee of storing, for two years, papers disclosing an invention. This service does n4 diminish the value of the. conven- .tionalp-itnessed and noNrized records, but does provide a creditable form of evidence. A ,free Jorochure detailing the procedures of this program is available on request. Address: Commissioner of Patents ant Trademarks. Washington, 1.-C. 20231. ' The SearchTHIRD STEP Why the .Search Is Important.You cannot obtain, a valid patent if your invention is anticipated 1,3 any earlier printed publication or 4, patent in any count,ry, or by commercial use in the United States.rf you decide that your invention is valuable enough to patent,yournext step should be to make a careful search through patents already
issued to find out if it is new as compared to these patents. This is important for a number of reasops: A..,First, making a search involves less expense than trying to obtaina patent. If you learn through the search that the invention cannot-
be patented you will save the cost of preparing and filinga patentapplication.Second, even if none of the e rlier
atents shows all the details ofyour invention, they may sho v thenly ilnpotant features or themay show other ways of doing the jothat are as good or better thyours. If this is the case, you will not want to try to get patent pro-
tection on an invention that cannot le commercialized. .Third, even if nothing is found in the search which comes very close to your invention, you will still find it helpful to consider the closest patents of others in taking steps to/obtain a strong patent on your own invention.,