Useful phrases for formal letter writing
1 Before you write, do your homework Research the background of the company and familiarize yourself with their products and/or services 2 Be sure to find out the name of the individual who does the hiring Address your letter to his/her attention and use her/his name in the salutation Simply writing “To Whom It
Vocabulary for essays - University of Sydney
Vocabulary for Writing Essays © 2010 The Learning Centre, The University of Sydney http://sydney edu au/stuserv/learning_centre/ May be printed for personal use
Useful phrases for writing a characterization
Useful phrases for writing a characterization - The main character/protagonist - Another central character is - Another important fact is (that) - Another significant aspect is - From this behaviour/ one can conclude that - As far as his behaviour is concerned, it can be said that
Speech Writing: Useful phrases, links and conjunctions
Speech Writing: Useful phrases, links and conjunctions How could you/we possibly ? Do you really think ? What would happen if ? Could your conscience cope with ?
Useful Argumentative Essay Words and Phrases
points in your assignment They are most useful when used in the following places: In the introduction At the beginning of a paragraph which develops a new idea At the beginning of a paragraph which expands on a previous idea At the beginning of a paragraph which offers a contrasting viewpoint
Reflection Vocabulary - University of Toronto Mississauga
Reflection Vocabulary When contemplating and responding to reflection questions it is important that you use terminology that can be easily understood and speaks to the experience Below are some insights, common words and phrases that you can incorporate into your reflection pieces This
The word part technique: A very useful vocabulary teaching
The word part technique: A very useful vocabulary teaching technique Wei Zheng and Paul Nation Summary A very effective way of remembering new vocabulary is to relate it to words that are already known and that contain the same word stem This article describes the word part technique and how to use it, and provides lists of the most useful stems
Useful expressions to write an essay - rpnch
Useful expressions to write an essay Introduction first of all to begin with in order to decide whether or not to outline the main points firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally / eventually afin de décider si ou non exposer les points principaux Enumerating arguments in addition to / additionally besides / moreover / furthermore
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Vocabulary for Writing Essays © 2010 The Learning Centre, The University of Sydney http://sydney.edu.au/stuserv/learning_centre/ May be printed for personal use.
Attribution Endorsement Conjunctions Modality EvaluationAttributing or projecting
claims to outside authorities in a specific or general wayAttributing claims
with more or less support or certainty Words that link ideas, helping to create a 'flow' in the writing. Many conjunctions can be used at the start of a sentence and/or to link two short sentences into one long one. See WriteSIte for examples, exceptions and exercises. (WriteSite web address at bottom of this page)Words which express degrees of
certainty, frequency or obligationWords interpreted as
positive or negative or which intensify meaning of other wordsAccording to ____
_____argues (that) _____discusses _____states (that) _____shows (that) _____expresses _____proves (that) _____explains (that) ____suggests (that) ____ demonstrates ____ 's argument ____'s statement ____'s claim ____'s thesis ____'s positionIn ____'s view
As {argued} by ___
There is (widespread)
agreement that ...There is (strong)
evidence to {suggest}A number of researchers
(____ 1995; ____ 2003)A study by__ {found}
that ...The researchers
{suggest} that ... ____'s {claim} (that) [neutral] reports states notes describes explains illustrates argues shows finds outlines maintains persuadesIn the view of
According to
[positive] affirms agrees stresses asserts demonstrates emphasises makes clear [negative] claims assumes suggests proposes believes in his opinion overlooksComparison
In the same way
likewise just as both ... andAddition
In addition
Additionally
Furthermore
Moreover
Similarly
and also as well besides not only but also besidesContrast
However
In contrast
On the other hand
On the contrary
Instead
Nevertheless
but yet still neither ...nor even soReplacement
Alternatively
or or elseConcession
Although
Even though
Despite
Whereas
WhileNB: Concession words
allow the writer to acknowledge opposing positions in less powerful ways e.g. {Although} [there are some valid points raised by Smith], there are many significant problems ... Cause because as so so that sinceTherefore
Thus HenceAs a result,
Because of this
For this reason
in order for in order that consequentlyCondition
unless if then in that case that being soExemplifying
for example, for instance, to illustrate this such asRestatement
in other words to sum up in summary in sum in brief that is to put it another wayTime & Place
First(ly),
Second(ly),
Finally,
then after afterwards previously subsequently prior to up 'til now to the present at present first and foremost next may could can might will would has to had to should * must * ought to need perhaps possibly probably certainly usually sometimes always * never * seldom rarely definitely absolutely by all means clearly of course surely obviously occasionally generally regularly for the main part very just simply merely only even actually really in fact much barely slightly quite almost nearly scarcely hardly absolutely entirely completely totally * tends to seems appears [+ve] important significant strong clear effective main major beneficial valuable relevant logical persuasive valid unbiased plausible useful succeeds in ... [-ve] problematic limited unrealistic irrelevant minor unnecessary insignificant biased invalid questionable controversial fails to ... neglects ... dismisses ... omits ...• Words with an asterix (*) indicate high modality (ie. 'strong' words). In academic writing, it is often preferable to use medium modality words (e.g. "often" instead of "always"; "may" instead of "must").
• Tip: Only use words which you are comfortable with, otherwise your writing will sound 'forced' or 'unnatural'. Suggestion: highlight the words above you feel confident with now. As you read academic texts (e.g.
journals), pay attention to the vocabulary you encounter.References
Droga, L. and Humphrey, S. (2002) A Workbook for Getting Started with Functional Grammar. Berry, NSW: Target Texts.
The Write Site http://writesite.elearn.usyd.edu.au (click on Module 3: Structure à Unit 5: Writing Cohesively à Section 6: Using Conjunctions)
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