How were complex numbers discovered

  • What makes a complex number real?

    A complex number is a number that can be written in the form a + b i a + bi a+bi, where a and b are real numbers and i is the imaginary unit defined by i 2 = − 1 i^2 = -1 i2=−1.
    The set of complex numbers, denoted by C, includes the set of real numbers (R) and the set of pure imaginary numbers..

  • Who invented algebra?

    Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi was a 9th-century Muslim mathematician and astronomer.
    He is known as the “father of algebra”, a word derived from the title of his book, Kitab al-Jabr.
    His pioneering work offered practical answers for land distribution, rules on inheritance and distributing salaries..

  • Why was complex numbers invented?

    Complex numbers arise from the need to express negative numbers' roots, which real numbers can't do.
    This is why they reflect all the roots of polynomials.
    Their use extends to different scientific branches, ranging from mathematics to engineering..

Complex numbers were introduced by the Italian famous gambler and mathematician Gerolamo Cardano (1501--1576) in 1545 while he found the explicit formula for all three roots of a cube equation. Many mathematicians contributed to the full development of complex numbers.
However, the conceptualization of complex numbers dates back to the 16th century with the contribution of Italian mathematician Gerolamo Cardano, who proved that having a negative term inside a square root can lead to the solution of an equation.

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