Each of the processes – the Big Bang, fusion in small and large stars, supernovae, and fragmentation by cosmic rays – form the elements in our bodies and all around us..
Synthesis of the naturally occurring elements and their isotopes present in the Solar System solids may be divided into three broad segments: primordial nucleosynthesis (H, He), energetic particle (cosmic ray) interactions (Li, Be, B), and stellar nucleosynthesis (C and heavier elements)..
The primordial abundances of these relics, produced via Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) during the first half hour of the evolution of the universe provide a unique window on Physics and Cosmology at redshifts ~ 1010..
Hydrogen-Helium Abundance
The process of forming the hydrogen and helium and other trace constituents is often called "big bang nucleosynthesis".
Schramm's figures for relative abundances indicate that helium is about 25% by mass and hydrogen about 73% with all other elements constituting less than 2%..
Adding astronomical measurements of light elements strengthens the power of BBN.
We include:
We find that all models can satisfy the BBN constraints and thus they constitute viable cosmological scenarios, since they can additionally account for the dark energy sector and the late-time acceleration, in a quantitative manner, without spoiling the formation of light elements during the BBN epoch.
The theory of BBN gives a detailed mathematical description of the production of the light "elements" deuterium, helium-3, helium-4, and lithium-7.
Specifically, the theory yields precise quantitative predictions for the mixture of these elements, that is, the primordial abundances at the end of the big-bang.
In physical cosmology, Big Bang nucleosynthesis (also known as primordial nucleosynthesis, and abbreviated as BBN) is the production of nuclei other than those of the lightest isotope of hydrogen ( hydrogen-1, 1 H, having a single proton as a nucleus) during the early phases of the universe.
