Crystallography gems

  • How are gem crystals formed?

    Gemstones are a product of the earth.
    Some, like diamond and zircon, were formed deep in the earth and brought to the surface by explosions of molten rock.
    Many, like topaz, tourmaline and aquamarine, crystallised slowly from hot fluids and gases as they cooled and solidified, far below the surface of the earth..

  • What is the process of making gems?

    Hydrothermal Gemstone Formation
    Highly saturated water filled with minerals gets pushed into the fractures and cracks in the earth's crust.
    As the water cools, the minerals crystallize.
    You can thank this process for sparkling emeralds, which crystalize in hydrothermal deposits filled with chromium..

  • The gems are sorted by their crystal system: cubic (isometric), tetragonal, hexagonal, trigonal, orthorhombic, monoclinic, and triclinic. "Amorphous" gems have no crystal structure.
Crystal Systems Review. When crystals form, their atoms and molecules lock together in periodic arrays, much like three-dimensional wallpaper patterns. These 
Crystallography gems
Crystallography gems

Mineral and gem collection of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History

The Hillman Hall of Minerals and Gems is a notable mineral and gem collection within the Carnegie Museum of Natural History in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Comprising over 1,300 specimens, Hillman Hall has gained a reputation as one of the finest mineral exhibitions in the United States

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